Compositions and methods of treating Huntington&#39;s disease

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to adeno-associated viral (AAV) particles encoding siRNA molecules and methods for treating Huntington&#39;s Disease (HD).

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a 35 U.S.C. § 371 U.S. National Stage Entry of International Application No. PCT/US2018/031117 filed May 4, 2018, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/501,786, entitled COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF TREATING HUNGTINGTON'S DISEASE, filed May 5, 2017, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/507,921, entitled COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF TREATING HUNGTINGTON'S DISEASE, filed May 18, 2017 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/520,086, entitled COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF TREATING HUNGTINGTON'S DISEASE, filed Jun. 15, 2017; the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING

The instant application contains a replacement Sequence Listing which has been submitted electronically in ASCII format and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said ASCII copy, created on Mar. 11, 2020 is named 2057_1044US371_SL and is 6,706,780 bytes in size.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to compositions, methods and processes for the design, preparation, manufacture, use and/or formulation of AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., polynucleotides encoding small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules which target the Huntingtin (HTT) gene (e.g., the wild-type or the mutated CAG-expanded HTT gene). Targeting of the mutated HTT gene may interfere with the HTT gene expression and the resultant HTT protein production. The AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules may be inserted into recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. Methods for using the AAV particles to inhibit the HTT gene expression in a subject with a neurodegenerative disease (e.g., Huntington's Disease (HD)) are also disclosed.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Huntington's Disease (HD) is a monogenic fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive chorea, neuropsychiatric and cognitive dysfunction. Huntington's Disease is known to be caused by an autosomal dominant triplet (CAG) repeat expansion which encodes poly-glutamine in the N-terminus of the huntingtin (HTT) protein. This repeat expansion results in a toxic gain of function of HTT and ultimately leads to striatal neurodegeneration which progresses to widespread brain atrophy. Symptoms typically appear between the ages of 35-44 and life expectancy subsequent to onset is 10-25 years. Interestingly, the length of the HTT expansion correlates with both age of onset and rate of disease progression, with longer expansions linked to greater severity of disease. In a small percentage of the HD population (˜6%), disease onset occurs from 2-20 years of age with appearance of an akinetic-rigid syndrome. These cases tend to progress faster than those of the later onset variety and have been classified as juvenile or Westphal variant HD. It is estimated that approximately 35,000-70,000 patients are currently suffering from HD in the US and Europe. Currently, only symptomatic relief and supportive therapies are available for treatment of HD, with a cure yet to be identified. Ultimately, individuals with HD succumb to other diseases (e.g., pneumonia, heart failure), choking, suffocation or other complications such as physical injury from falls.

The mechanisms by which CAG-expanded HTT results in neurotoxicity are not well understood. Huntingtin protein is expressed in all cells, though its concentration is highest in the brain. The normal function of HTT is unknown, but in the brains of HD patients, HTT aggregates into abnormal nuclear inclusions. It is now believed that it is this process of misfolding and aggregating along with the associated protein intermediates (i.e. the soluble species and toxic N-terminal fragments) that result in neurotoxicity.

Studies in animal models of HD have suggested that phenotypic reversal is feasible, for example, subsequent to gene shut off in regulated-expression models. Further, animal models in which silencing of HTT was tested, demonstrated promising results with the therapy being both well tolerated and showing potential therapeutic benefit. These findings indicate that HTT silencing may serve as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of HD.

The adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a member of the parvovirus family and has emerged as an attractive vector for gene therapy in large part because this virus is apparently non-pathogenic; in fact, AAV has not been associated with any human disease. Further appeal is due to its ability to transduce dividing and non-diving cells (including efficient transduction of neurons), diminished proinflammatory and immune responses in humans, its inability to autonomously replicate without a helper virus (AAV is a helper-dependent DNA parvovirus which belongs to the genus Dependovirus), and its long-term gene expression. Although over 10 recombinant AAV serotypes (rAAV) have been engineered into vectors, rAAV2 is the most frequently employed serotype for gene therapy trials. Additional rAAV serotypes have been developed and tested in animal models that are more efficient at neuronal transduction.

The present invention develops an AAV particle comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding novel double stranded RNA (dsRNA) constructs and siRNA constructs and methods of their design, to inhibit or prevent the expression of CAG-expanded HTT in HD patients for treatment of the disease.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Described herein are methods, processes, compositions kits and devices for the administration of AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding siRNA molecules for the treatment, prophylaxis, palliation and/or amelioration of Huntington's Disease (HD) related symptoms and disorders.

The present invention provides viral genomes comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding siRNA molecules to target HTT and reduce the expression of HTT in a cell and/or subject.

In some embodiments the viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region such as, but not limited to, SEQ ID NO: 1380 and 1381, an enhancer sequence region such as, but not limited to, SEQ ID NO: 1408 and 1409, a promoter sequence region such as, but not limited to, SEQ ID NO: 1410-1411 and the sequence GTTG, at least one intron sequence region such as, but not limited to, SEQ ID NO: 1417-1419, a modulatory polynucleotide sequence region such as, but not limited to, SEQ ID NO: 1183-1279 and 1346-1347, a polyadenylation (polyA) signal sequence region such as, but not limited to, SEQ ID NO: 1420-1423, and a 3′ ITR sequence region such as, but not limited to, SEQ ID NO: 1382 and 1383.

In some embodiments, the viral genome may comprise at least one more sequence region.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises at least one multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence region such as, but not limited to, SEQ ID NO: 384-1390 and the sequence TCGAG. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises one MCS sequence region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises two MCS sequence regions.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence region such as, but not limited to, SEQ ID NO: 1390-1407. In one embodiment, the AAV viral genome comprises one filler sequence region. In one embodiment, the AAV viral genome comprises two filler sequence regions.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises at least one exon sequence region such as, but not limited to, SEQ ID NO: 1415 and 1416.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises one intron sequence region.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises two intron sequence regions.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region, an enhancer sequence region, a promoter sequence region, at least one intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide sequence region, a polyadenylation (polyA) signal sequence region, and a 3′ ITR sequence region. As a non-limiting example, the AAV viral genome comprises a sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 1352-1379 or a fragment or variant thereof.

In one embodiment, the viral genome such as, but not limited to, any of SEQ ID NO: 1352-1379 or variants having at least 95% identity thereto.

In one embodiment, an AAV particle may comprise a viral genome such as, but not limited to, any of SEQ ID NO: 1352-1379 or variants having at least 95% identity thereto. The AAV particle may comprise a serotype such as, but not limited to, any of the serotypes listed in Table 1.

Provided herein are also pharmaceutical compositions of AAV particles. The AAV particle may comprise a viral genome such as, but not limited to, any of SEQ ID NO: 1352-1379 or variants having at least 95% identity thereto. The AAV particle may comprise a serotype such as, but not limited to, any of the serotypes listed in Table 1.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for inhibiting/silencing HTT gene expression in a cell. The cell may be a neuron (e.g., medium spiny neurons of the putamen, caudate or striatum, and cortical neurons in the cerebral cortex), an astrocyte (e.g., astrocyte in the striatum, cortical astrocytes in the cerebral cortex) and/or oligodendrocytes. As a non-limiting example, the inhibition (or lowering) of the HTT gene expression in the putamen, caudate and cortex reduces the effect of Huntington's Disease in a subject. As another non-limiting example, the inhibition (or lowering) of the HTT gene expression in the medium spiny neurons in the striatum reduces the effect of Huntington's Disease in a subject. As yet another non-limiting example, the inhibition (or lowering) of the HTT gene expression in the astrocytes in the striatum reduces the effect of Huntington's Disease in a subject. In some aspects, the inhibition of the HTT gene expression refers to an inhibition or lowering by at least about 20%, preferably by at least about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%. Accordingly, the protein product of the targeted gene may be inhibited by at least about 20%, preferably by at least about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides methods for inhibiting/silencing HTT gene expression by at least about 40% in a cell using the viral genomes comprising the modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules. The cell may be a neuron (e.g., medium spiny neurons of the putamen or striatum, and cortical neurons in the cerebral cortex), an astrocyte (e.g., astrocyte in the striatum, cortical astrocytes in the cerebral cortex) and/or oligodendrocytes. As a non-limiting example, the at least 40% inhibition (or lowering) of the HTT gene expression in the putamen and cortex reduces the effect of Huntington's Disease in a subject. As another non-limiting example, the at least 40% inhibition (or lowering) of the HTT gene expression in the medium spiny neurons in the striatum reduces the effect of Huntington's Disease in a subject. As yet another non-limiting example, the at least 40% inhibition (or lowering) of the HTT gene expression in the astrocytes in the striatum reduces the effect of Huntington's Disease in a subject.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for treating, or ameliorating Huntington's Disease associated with the HTT gene (e.g., CAG-expanded HTT gene) and the resultant HTT protein (e.g., poly-Q protein) in a subject in need of treatment, the method comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount a pharmaceutical composition comprising the AAV particles described herein, and ameliorating symptoms of HD in the subject.

In some embodiments, an AAV particle comprising the nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one siRNA duplex targeting the HTT gene is administered to the subject in need for treating and/or ameliorating HD. The AAV vector serotype may be any of the serotypes listed in Table 1.

In some embodiments, the AAV particles may be introduced directly into the central nervous system of the subject, for example, by intracranial injection.

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is used as a solo therapy. In other embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is used in combination therapy. The combination therapy may be in combination with one or more neuroprotective agents such as small molecule compounds, growth factors and hormones which have been tested for their neuroprotective effect on neuron degeneration.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for treating, or ameliorating Huntington's Disease by administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a plasmid or AAV vector described herein.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for inhibiting the expression of the HTT gene in a region of the central nervous system of a subject by administering to the subject a composition with at least one AAV particle which comprises a modulatory polynucleotide encoding an siRNA molecule that, when expressed, inhibits or suppresses the expression of HTT in the subject. The expression may be reduced in a region of the subject such as, but not limited to, the forebrain of a subject or a region of the forebrain such as, but not limited to, the putamen. The expression of HTT in the forebrain or region of the forebrain (e.g., putamen) may be reduced by 40-70%, 40-60%, 50-70%, 50-60%, or it may be reduced by 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, or 60%.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating Huntington's Disease (HD) in a subject in need of treatment. The method may inhibit the expression of the HTT gene in a region of the central nervous system of a subject comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one AAV particle which comprises a modulators polynucleotide encoding an siRNA molecule that, when expressed, inhibits or suppresses the expression of HTT in the subject. The expression may be reduced in a region of the subject such as, but not limited to, the forebrain of a subject or a region of the forebrain such as, but not limited to, the putamen. The expression of HTT in the forebrain or region of the forebrain (e.g., putamen) may be reduced by 40-70%, 40-60%, 50-70%, 50-60%, or it may be reduced by 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, or 60%.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages will be apparent from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of various embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic of a viral genome of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic of a viral genome of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic of a viral genome of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic of a viral genome of the invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic of a viral genome of the invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic of a viral genome of the invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic of a viral genome of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic of a viral genome of the invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic of a viral genome of the invention.

The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying description below. Although any materials and methods similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred materials and methods are now described. Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description. In the description, the singular forms also include the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In the case of conflict, the present description will control.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION I. Compositions of the Invention

According to the present invention, compositions for delivering modulatory polynucleotides and/or modulatory polynucleotide-based compositions by adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are provided, AAV particles of the invention may be provided via any of several routes of administration, to a cell, tissue, organ, or organism, in vivo, ex vivo or in vitro.

As used herein, an “AAV particle” is a virus which comprises a viral genome with at least one payload region and at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) region.

As used herein, “viral genome” or “vector genome” or “viral vector” refers to the nucleic acid sequence(s) encapsulated in an AAV particle. Viral genomes comprise at least one payload region encoding polypeptides or fragments thereof.

As used herein, a “payload” or “payload region” is any nucleic acid molecule which encodes one or more polypeptides of the invention. At a minimum, a payload region comprises nucleic acid sequences that encode a sense and antisense sequence, an siRNA-based composition, or a fragment thereof, but may also optionally comprise one or more functional or regulatory elements to facilitate transcriptional expression and/or polypeptide translation.

The nucleic acid sequences and polypeptides disclosed herein may be engineered to contain modular elements and/or sequence motifs assembled to enable expression of the modulatory polynucleotides and/or modulatory polynucleotide-based compositions of the invention. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence comprising the payload region may comprise one or more of a promoter region, an intron, a Kozak sequence, an enhancer or a polyadenylation sequence. Payload regions of the invention typically encode at least one sense and antisense sequence, an siRNA-based compositions, or fragments of the foregoing in combination with each other or in combination with other polypeptide moieties.

The payload regions of the invention may be delivered to one or more target cells, tissues, organs or organisms within the viral genome of an AAV particle.

Adeno-Associated Viruses (AAVs) and AAV Particles

Viruses of the Parvoviridae family are small non-enveloped icosahedral capsid viruses characterized by a single stranded DNA genome. Parvoviridae family viruses consist of two subfamilies: Parvovirinae, which infect vertebrates, and Densovirinae, which infect invertebrates. Due to its relatively simple structure, easily manipulated using standard molecular biology techniques, this virus family is useful as a biological tool. The genome of the virus may be modified to contain a minimum of components for the assembly of a functional recombinant virus, or viral particle, which is loaded with or engineered to express or deliver a desired payload, which may be delivered to a target cell, tissue, organ, or organism.

The parvoviruses and other members of the Parvoviridae family are generally described in Kenneth I. Berns, “Parvoviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication,” Chapter 69 in FIELDS VIROLOGY (3d Ed. 1996), the contents of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

The Parvoviridae family comprises the Dependovirus genus which includes adeno-associated viruses (AAV) capable of replication in vertebrate hosts including, but not limited to, human, primate, bovine, canine, equine, and ovine species.

The AAV viral genome is a linear, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecule approximately 5,000 nucleotides (nt) in length. The AAV viral genome can comprise a payload region and at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) or ITR region. ITRs traditionally flank the coding nucleotide sequences for the non-structural proteins (encoded by Rep genes) and the structural proteins (encoded by capsid genes or Cap genes). While not wishing to be bound by theory, an AAV viral genome typically comprises two ITR sequences. The AAV viral genome comprises a characteristic T-shaped hairpin structure defined by the self-complementary terminal 145 nt of the 5′ and 3′ ends of the ssDNA which form an energetically stable double stranded region. The double stranded hairpin structures comprise multiple functions including, but not limited to, acting as an origin for DNA replication by functioning as primers for the endogenous DNA polymerase complex of the host viral replication cell.

In addition to the encoded heterologous payload, AAV vectors may comprise the viral genome, in whole or in part, of any naturally occurring and/or recombinant AAV serotype nucleotide sequence or variant, AAV variants may have sequences of significant homology at the nucleic acid (genome or capsid) and amino acid levels (capsids), to produce constructs which are generally physical and functional equivalents, replicate by similar mechanisms, and assemble by similar mechanisms. Chiorini et al., J. Vir. 71: 6823-33(1997); Srivastava et al., J. Vir. 45:555-64 (1983); Chiorini et al., J. Vir. 73:1309-1319 (1999); Rutledge et al., J. Vir. 72:309-319 (1998); and Wu et al., J. Vir. 74: 8635-47 (2000), the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

In one embodiment, AAV particles of the present invention are recombinant AAV vectors which are replication defective, lacking sequences encoding functional Rep and Cap proteins within their viral genome. These defective AAV vectors may lack most or all parental coding sequences and essentially carry only one or two AAV ITR sequences and the nucleic acid of interest for delivery to a cell, a tissue, an organ or an organism.

In one embodiment, the viral genome of the AAV particles of the present invention comprise at least one control element which provides for the replication, transcription and translation of a coding sequence encoded therein. Not all of the control elements need always be present as long as the coding sequence is capable of being replicated, transcribed and/or translated in an appropriate host cell. Non-limiting examples of expression control elements include sequences for transcription initiation and/or termination, promoter and/or enhancer sequences, efficient RNA processing signals such as splicing and polyadenylation signals, sequences that stabilize cytoplasmic mRNA, sequences that enhance translation efficacy (e.g., Kozak consensus sequence), sequences that enhance protein stability, and/or sequences that enhance protein processing and/or secretion.

According to the present invention, AAV particles for use in therapeutics and/or diagnostics comprise a virus that has been distilled or reduced to the minimum components necessary for transduction of a nucleic acid payload or cargo of interest. In this manner, AAV particles are engineered as vehicles for specific delivery while lacking the deleterious replication and/or integration features found in wild-type viruses.

AAV vectors of the present invention may be produced recombinantly and may be based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) parent or reference sequences. As used herein, a “vector” is any molecule or moiety which transports, transduces or otherwise acts as a carrier of a heterologous molecule such as the nucleic acids described herein.

In addition to single stranded AAV viral genomes (e.g., ssAAVs), the present invention also provides for self-complementary AAV (scAAVs) viral genomes. scAAV viral genomes contain DNA strands which anneal together to form double stranded DNA. By skipping second strand synthesis, scAAVs allow for rapid expression in the cell.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle of the present invention is an scAAV.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle of the present invention is an ssAAV.

Methods for producing and/or modifying AAV particles are disclosed in the art such as pseudotyped AAV vectors (PCT Patent Publication Nos. WO200028004; WO200123001; WO2004112727; WO 2005005610 and WO 2005072364, the content of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).

AAV particles may be modified to enhance the efficiency of delivery. Such modified AAV particles can be packaged efficiently and be used to successfully infect the target cells at high frequency and with minimal toxicity. In some embodiments the capsids of the AAV particles are engineered according to the methods described in US Publication Number US 20130195801, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising a payload region encoding the polypeptides of the invention may be introduced into mammalian cells.

AAV Serotypes

AAV particles of the present invention may comprise or be derived from any natural or recombinant AAV serotype. According to the present invention, the AAV particles may utilize or be based on a serotype selected from any of the following AAV1, AAV2, AAV2G9, AAV3, AAV3a, AAV3b, AAV3-3, AAV4, AAV4-4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV6.1, AAV6.2, AAV6.1.2, AAV7, AAV7.2, AAV8, AAV9, AAV9.11, AAV9.13, AAV9.16, AAV9.24, AAV9.45, AAV9.47, AAV9.61, AAV9.68, AAV9.84, AAV9.9, AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, AAV16.3, AAV24.1, AAV27.3, AAV42.12, AAV42-1b, AAV42-2, AAV42-3a, AAV42-3b, AAV42-4, AAV42-5a, AAV42-5b, AAV42-6b, AAV42-8, AAV42-10, AAV42-11, AAV42-12, AAV42-13, AAV42-15, AAV42-aa, AAV43-1, AAV43-12, AAV43-20, AAV43-21, AAV43-23, AAV43-25, AAV43-5, AAV44.1, AAV44.2, AAV44.5, AAV223.1, AAV223.2, AAV223.4, AAV223.5, AAV223.6, AAV223.7, AAV1-7/rh.48, AAV1-8/rh.49, AAV2-15/rh.62, AAV2-3/rh.61, AAV2-4/rh.50, AAV2-5/rh.51, AAV3.1/hu.6, AAV3.1/hu.9, AAV3-9/rh.52, AAV3-11/rh.53, AAV4-8/r11.64, AAV4-9/rh.54, AAV4-19/rh.55, AAV5-3/rh.57, AAV5-22/rh.58, AAV7.3/hu.7, AAV16.8/hu.10, AAV16.12/hu.11 AAV29.3/bb.1, AAV29.5/bb.2, AAV106.1/hu.37, AAV114.3/hu.40, AAV127.2/hu.41, AAV127.5/hu.42, AAV128.3/hu.44, AAV130.4/hu.48, AAV145.1/hu.53, AAV145.5/hu.54, AAV145.6/hu.55, AAV161.10/hu.60, AAV161.6/hu.61, AAV33.12/hu.17, AAV33.4/hu.15, AAV33.8/hu.16, AAV52/hu.19, AAV52.1/hu.20, AAV58.2/hu.25, AAVA3.3, AAVA3.4, AAVA3.5, AAVA3.7, AAVC1, AAVC2, AAVC5, AAV-DJ, AAV-DJ8, AAVF3, AAVF5, AAVH2, AAVrh.72, AAVhu.8, AAVrh.68, AAVrh.70, AAVpi.1, AAVpi.3, AAVpi.2, AAVrh.60, AAVrh.44, AAVrh.65, AAVrh.55, AAVrh.47, AAVrh.69, AAVrh.45, AAVrh.59, AAVhu.12, AAVH6, AAVLK03, AAVH-1/hu.1, AAVH-5/hu.3, AAVLG-10/rh.40, AAVLG-4/rh.38, AAVLG-9/hu.39, AAVN721-8/rh.43, AAVCh.5, AAVCh.5R1, AAVcy.2, AAVcy.3, AAVcy.4, AAVcy.5, AAVCy.5R1, AAVCy.5R2, AAVCy.5R3, AAVCy.5R4, AAVcy.6, AAVhu.1, AAVhu.2, AAVhu.3, AAVhu.4, AAVhu.5, AAVhu.6, AAVhu.7, AAVhu.9, AAVhu.10, AAVhu.11, AAVhu.13, AAVhu.15, AAVhu.16, AAVhu.17, AAVhu.18, AAVhu.20, AAVhu.21, AAVhu.22, AAVhu.23.2, AAVhu.24, AAVhu.25, AAVhu.27, AAVhu.28, AAVhu.29. AAVhu.29R, AAVhu.31, AAVhu.32, AAVhu.34, AAVhu.35, AAVhu.37, AAVhu.39, AAVhu.40, AAVhu.41, AAVhu.42, AAVhu.43, AAVhu.44, AAVhu.44R1, AAVhu.44R2, AAVhu.44R3, AAVhu.45, AAVhu.46, AAVhu.47, AAVhu.48, AAVhu.48R1, AAVhu.48R2, AAVhu.48R3, AAVhu.49, AAVhu.51, AAVhu.52, AAVhu.54, AAVhu.55, AAVhu.56, AAVhu.57, AAVhu.58, AAVhu.60, AAVhu.61, AAVhu.63, AAVhu.64, AAVhu.66, AAVhu.67, AAVhu.14/9, AAVhu.t 19, AAVrh.2, AAVrh.2R, AAVrh.8, AAVrh.8R, AAVrh.10, AAVrh.12, AAVrh.13, AAVrh.13R, AAVrh.14, AAVrh.17, AAVrh.18, AAVrh.19, AAVrh.20, AAVrh.21, AAVrh.22, AAVrh.23, AAVrh.24, AAVrh.25, AAVrh.31, AAVrh.32, AAVrh.33, AAVrh.34, AAVrh.35, AAVrh.36, AAVrh.37, AAVrh.37R2, AAVrh.38, AAVrh.39, AAVrh.40, AAVrh.46, AAVrh.48, AAVrh.48.1, AAVrh.48.1.2, AAVrh.48.2, AAVrh.49, AAVrh.51, AAVrh.52, AAVrh.53, AAVrh.54, AAVrh.56, AAVrh.57, AAVrh.58, AAVrh.61, AAVrh.64, AAVrh.64R1, AAVrh.64R2, AAVrh.67, AAVrh.73, AAVrh.74, AAVrh8R, AAVrh8R A586R mutant, AAVrh8R R533A mutant, AAAV, BAAV, caprine AAV, bovine AAV, ovine AAV, AAVhE1.1, AAVhEr1.5, AAVhER1.14, AAVhEr1.8, AAVhEr1.16, AAVhEr1.18, AAVhEr1.35, AAVhEr1.7, AAVhEr1.36, AAVhEr2.29, AAVhEr2.4, AAVhEr2.16, AAVhEr2.30, AAVhEr2.31, AAVhEr2.36, AAVhER1.23, AAVhEr3.1, AAV2.5T, AAV-PAEC, AAV-LK01, AAV-LK02, AAV-LK03, AAV-LK04, AAV-LK05, AAV-LK06, AAV-LK07, AAV-LK08, AAV-LK09, AAV-LK10, AAV-LK11, AAV-LK12, AAV-LK13, AAV-LK14, AAV-LK15, AAV-LK16, AAV-LK17, AAV-LK18, AAV-LK19, AAV-PAEC2, AAV-PAEC4, AAV-PAEC6, AAV-PAEC7, AAV-PAEC8, AAV-PAEC11, AAV-PAEC12, AAV-2-pre-miRNA-101, AAV-8h, AAV-8b, AAV-h, AAV-b, AAV SM 10-2, AAV Shuffle 100-1, AAV Shuffle 100-3, AAV Shuffle 100-7, AAV Shuffle 10-2, AAV Shuffle 10-6, AAV Shuffle 10-8, AAV Shuffle 100-2, AAV SM 10-1, AAV SM 10-8, AAV SM 100-3, AAV SM 100-10, BNP61 AAV, BNP62 AAV, BNP63 AAV, AAVrh.50, AAVrh.43, AAVrh.62, AAVrh.48, AAVhu.19, AAVhu.11, AAVhu.53, AAV4-8/rh.64, AAVLG-9/hu.39, AAV54.5/hu.23, AAV54.2/hu.22, AAV54.7/hu.24, AAV54.1/hu.21, AAV54.4R/hu.27, AAV46.2/hu.28, AAV46.6/hu.29, AAV128.1/hu.43, true type AAV (ttAAV), UPENN AAV10, Japanese AAV 10 serotypes, AAV CBr-7.1, AAV CBr-7.10, AAV CBr-7.2, AAV CBr-7.3, AAV CBr-7.4, AAV CBr-7.5, AAV CBr-7.7, AAV CBr-7.8, AAV CBr-B7.3, AAV CBr-B7.4, AAV CBr-E1, AAV CBr-E2, AAV CBr-E3, AAV CBr-E4, AAV CBr-E5, AAV CBr-e5, AAV CBr-E6, AAV CBr-E7, AAV CBr-E8, AAV CHt-1, AAV CHt-2, AAV CHt-3, AAV CHt-6.1, AAV CHt-6.10, AAV CHt-6.5, AAV CHt-6.6, AAV CHt-6.7, AAV CHt-6.8, AAV CHt-P1, AAV CHt-P2, AAV CHt-P5, AAV CHt-P6, AAV CHt-P8, AAV CHt-P9, AAV CKd-1, AAV CKd-10, AAV CKd-2, AAV CKd-3, AAV CKd-4, AAV CKd-6, AAV CKd-7, AAV CKd-8, AAV CKd-B1, AAV CKd-B2, AAV CKd-B3, AAV CKd-B4, AAV CKd-B5, AAV CKd-B6, AAV CKd-B7, AAV CKd-B8, AAV CKd-H1, AAV CKd-H2, AAV CKd-H3, AAV CKd-H4, AAV CKd-H5, AAV CKd-H6, AAV CKd-N3, AAV CKd-N4, AAV CKd-N9, AAV CLg-F1, AAV CLg-F2, AAV CLg-F3, AAV CLg-F4, AAV CLg-F5, AAV CLg-F6, AAV CLg-F7, AAV CLg-F8, AAV CLv-1, AAV CLv1-1, AAV Clv1-10, AAV CLv1-2, AAV CLv-12, AAV CLv1-3, AAV CLv-13, AAV CLv1-4, AAV Clv1-7, AAV Clv1-8, AAV Clv1-9, AAV CLv-2, AAV CLv-3, AAV CLv-4, AAV CLv-6, AAV CLv-8, AAV CLv-D1, AAV CLv-D2, AAV CLv-D3, AAV CLv-D4, AAV CLv-D5, AAV CLv-D6, AAV CLv-D7, AAV CLv-D8, AAV CLv-E1, AAV CLv-K1, AAV CLv-K3, AAV CLv-K6, AAV CLv-L4, AAV CLv-L5, AAV CLv-L6, AAV CLv-M1, AAV CLv-M11, AAV CLv-M2, AAV CLv-M5, AAV CLv-M6, AAV CLv-M7, AAV CLv-M8, AAV CLv-M9, AAV CLv-R1, AAV CLv-R2, AAV CLv-R3, AAV CLv-R4, AAV CLv-R5, AAV CLv-R6, AAV CLv-R7, AAV CLv-R8, AAV CLv-R9, AAV CSp-1, AAV CSp-10, AAV CSp-11, AAV CSp-2, AAV CSp-3, AAV CSp-4, AAV CSp-6, AAV CSp-7, AAV CSp-8, AAV CSp-8.10, AAV CSp-8.2, AAV CSp-8.4, AAV CSp-8.5, AAV CSp-8.6, AAV CSp-8.7, AAV CSp-8.8, AAV CSp-8.9, AAV CSp-9, AAV.hu.48R3, AAV.VR-355, AAV3B, AAV4, AAV5, AAVF1/HSC1, AAVF11/HSC11, AAVF12/HSC12, AAVF13/HSC13, AAVF14/HSC14, AAVF15/HSC15, AAVF16/HSC16, AAVF17/HSC17, AAVF2/HSC2, AAVF3/HSC3, AAVF4/HSC4, AAVF5/HSC5, AAVF6/HSC6, AAVF7/HSC7, AAVF8/HSC8, AAVF9/HSC9, AAV-PHP.B (PHP.B), AAV-PHP.A (PHP.A), G2B-26, G2B-13, THI1.1-32, TH1.1-35, AAVPHP.B2, AAVPHP.B3, AAVPHP.N/PHP.B-DGT, AAVPHP.B-EST, AAVPHP.B-GGT, AAVPHP.B-ATP, AAVPHP.B-ATT-T, AAVPHP.B-DGT-T, AAVPHP.B-GGT-T, AAVPHP.B-SGS, AAVPHP.B-AQP, AAVPHP.B-QQP, AAVPHP.B-SNP(3), AAVPHP.B-SNP, AAVPHP.B-QGT, AAVPHP.B-NQT, AAVPHP.B-EGS, AAVPHP.B-SGN, AAVPHP.B-EGT, AAVPHP.B-DST, AAVPHP.B-DST, AAVPHP.B-STP, AAVPHP.B-PQP, AAVPHP.B-SQP, AAVPHP.B-QLP, AAVPHP.B-TMP, AAVPHP.B-TIP, AAVPHP.S/G2A12, AAVG2A15/G2A3, AAVG2B4, and/or AAVG2B5 and variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a modification as described in United States Publication No. US 20160361439, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as but not limited to, Y252F, Y272F, Y444F, Y500F, Y700F, Y704F, Y730F, Y275F, Y281F, Y508F, Y576F, Y612G, Y673F, and Y720F of the wild-type AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, and hybrids thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a mutation as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,546,112, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, at least two, but not all the F129L, D418E, K531E, L584F, V598A and H642N mutations in the sequence of AAV6 (SEQ ID NO:4 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,546,112), AAV1 (SEQ ID NO:6 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,546,112), AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV7, AAV9, AAV10 or AAV1 or derivatives thereof. In yet another embodiment, the AAV serotype may be, or have, an AAV6 sequence comprising the K531E mutation (SEQ ID NO:5 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,546,112).

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a mutation in the AAV1 sequence, as described in in United States Publication No. US 20130224836, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, at least one of the surface-exposed tyrosine residues, preferably, at positions 252, 273, 445, 701, 705 and 731 of AAV1 (SEQ ID NO: 2 of US 20130224836) substituted with another amino acid, preferably with a phenylalanine residue. In one embodiment, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a mutation in the AAV9 sequence, such as, but not limited to, at least one of the surface-exposed tyrosine residues, preferably, at positions 252, 272, 444, 500, 700, 704 and 730 of AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 4 of US 20130224836) substituted with another amino acid, preferably with a phenylalanine residue. In one embodiment, the tyrosine residue at position 446 of AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 6 US 20130224836) is substituted with a phenylalanine residue.

In some embodiments, the serotype may be AAV2 or a variant thereof, as described in International Publication No. WO2016130589, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. The amino acid sequence of AAV2 may comprise N587A, E548A, or N708A mutations. In one embodiment, the amino acid sequence of any AAV may comprise a V708K mutation.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Publication No. US20030138772, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV1 (SEQ ID NO: 6 and 64 of US20030138772), AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 7 and 70 of US20030138772), AAV3 (SEQ ID NO: 8 and 71 of US20030138772), AAV4 (SEQ ID NO: 63 of US20030138772), AAV5 (SEQ ID NO: 114 of US20030138772), AAV6 (SEQ ID NO: 65 of US20030138772), AAV7 (SEQ ID NO: 1-3 of US20030138772), AAV8 (SEQ ID NO: 4 and 95 of US20030138772), AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 5 and 100 of US20030138772), AAV10 (SEQ ID NO: 117 of US20030138772), AAV11 (SEQ ID NO: 118 of US20030138772), AAV12 (SEQ ID NO: 119 of US20030138772), AAVrh10 (amino acids 1 to 738 of SEQ ID NO: 81 of US20030138772), AAV16.3 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 10), AAV29.3/bb.1 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 11), AAV29.4 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 12), AAV29.5/bb.2 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 13), AAV1.3 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 14), AAV13.3 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 15), AAV24.1 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 16), AAV27.3 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 17), AAV7.2 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 18), AAVC1 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 19), AAVC3 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 20), AAVC5 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 21), AAVF1 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 22), AAVF3 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 23), AAVF5 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 24), AAVH6 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 25), AAVH2 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 26), AAV42-8 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 27), AAV42-15 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 28), AAV42-5b (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 29), AAV42-1b (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 30), AAV42-13 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 31), AAV42-3a (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 32), AAV42-4 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 33), AAV42-5a (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 34), AAV42-10 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 35), AAV42-3b (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 36), AAV42-11 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 37), AAV42-6b (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 38), AAV43-1 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 39), AAV43-5 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 40), AAV43-12 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 41), AAV43-20 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 42), AAV43-21 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 43), AAV43-23 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 44), AAV43-25 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 45), AAV44.1 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 46), AAV44.5 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 47), AAV223.1 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 48), AAV223.2 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 49), AAV223.4 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 50), AAV223.5 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 51), AAV223.6 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 52), AAV223.7 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 53), AAVA3.4 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 54), AAVA3.5 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 55), AAVA3.7 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 56), AAVA3.3 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 57), AAV42.12 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 58), AAV44.2 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 59), AAV42-2 (US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 9), or variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Publication No. US20150159173, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 7 and 23 of US20150159173), rh20 (SEQ ID NO: 1 of US20150159173), rh32/33 (SEQ ID NO: 2 of US20150159173), rh39 (SEQ ID NO: 3, 20 and 36 of US20150159173), rh46 (SEQ ID NO: 4 and 22 of US20150159173), rh73 (SEQ ID NO: 5 of US20150159173), rh74 (SEQ ID NO: 6 of US20150159173), AAV6.1 (SEQ ID NO: 29 of US20150159173), rh.8 (SEQ ID NO: 41 of US20150159173), rh.48.1 (SEQ ID NO: 44 of US20150159173), hu.44 (SEQ ID NO: 45 of US20150159173), hu.29 (SEQ ID NO: 42 of US20150159173), hu.48 (SEQ ID NO: 38 of US20150159173), rh54 (SEQ ID NO: 49 of US20150159173), AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 7 of US20150159173), cy.5 (SEQ ID NO: 8 and 24 of US20150159173), rh.10 (SEQ ID NO: 9 and 25 of US20150159173), rh.13 (SEQ ID NO: 10 and 26 of US20150159173), AAV1 (SEQ ID NO: 11 and 27 of US20150159173), AAV3 (SEQ ID NO: 12 and 28 of US20150159173), AAV6 (SEQ ID NO: 13 and 29 of US20150159173), AAV7 (SEQ ID NO: 14 and 30 of US20150159173), AAV8 (SEQ ID NO: 15 and 31 of US20150159173), hu.13 (SEQ ID NO: 16 and 32 of US20150159173), hu.26 (SEQ ID NO: 17 and 33 of US20150159173), hu.37 (SEQ ID NO: 18 and 34 of US20150159173), hu.53 (SEQ ID NO: 19 and 35 of US20150159173), rh.43 (SEQ ID NO: 21 and 37 of US20150159173), rh2 (SEQ ID NO: 39 of US20150159173), rh.37 (SEQ ID NO: 40 of US20150159173), rh.64 (SEQ ID NO: 43 of US20150159173), rh.48 (SEQ ID NO: 44 of US20150159173), ch.5 (SEQ ID NO 46 of US20150159173), rh.67 (SEQ ID NO: 47 of US20150159173), rh.58 (SEQ ID NO: 48 of US20150159173), or variants thereof including, but not limited to Cy5R. Cy5R2, Cy5R3, Cy5R4, rh.13R, rh.37R2, rh.2R rh.8R, rh.48.1, rh.48.2, rh.48.1.2, hu.44R1, hu.44R2, hu.44R3, hu.29R, ch.5R1, rh64R1, rh64R2, AAV6.2, AAV6.1, AAV6.12, hu.48R1, hu.48R2, and hu.48R3.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 1-3 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951), AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 4 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951), AAV1 (SEQ ID NO: 5 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951), AAV3 (SEQ ID NO: 6 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951), and AAV8 (SEQ ID NO: 7 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951).

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a mutation in the AAV9 sequence as described by N Pulicherla et al. (Molecular Therapy 19(6):1070-1078 (2011), herein incorporated by reference in its entirety), such as but not limited to, AAV9.9, AAV9.11, AAV9.13, AAV9.16, AAV9.24, AAV9.45, AAV9.47, AAV9.61, AAV9.68, AAV9.84.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV3B (SEQ ID NO: 1 and 10 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303), AAV6 (SEQ ID NO: 2, 7 and 11 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303), AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 3 and 8 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303), AAV3A (SEQ ID NO: 4 and 9, of U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303), or derivatives thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Publication No. US20140359799, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV8 (SEQ ID NO: 1 of US20140359799), AAVDJ (SEQ ID NO: 2 and 3 of US20140359799), or variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the serotype may be AAVDJ (or AAV-DJ) or a variant thereof, such as AAVDJ8 (or AAV-DJ8), as described by Grimm et al. (Journal of Virology 82(12): 5887-5911 (2008), herein incorporated by reference in its entirety). The amino acid sequence of AAVDJ8 may comprise two or more mutations in order to remove the heparin binding domain (HBD). As a non-limiting example, the AAV-DJ sequence described as SEQ ID NO: 1 in U.S. Pat. No. 7,588,772, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, may comprise two mutations: (1) R587Q where arginine (R; Arg) at amino acid 587 is changed to glutamine (Q; Gin) and (2) R590T where arginine (R; Arg) at amino acid 590 is changed to threonine (T; Thr). As another non-limiting example, may comprise three mutations: (1) K406R where lysine (K; Lys) at amino acid 406 is changed to arginine (R. Arg), (2) R587Q where arginine (R; Arg) at amino acid 587 is changed to glutamine (Q; Gin) and (3) R590T where arginine (R; Arg) at amino acid 590 is changed to threonine (T; Thr).

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence of AAV4 as described in International Publication No. WO 1998011244, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to AAV4 (SEQ ID NO: 1-20 of WO1998011244).

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a mutation in the AAV2 sequence to generate AAV2G9 as described in International Publication No. WO2014144229 and herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in International Publication No. WO2005033321, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to AAV3-3 (SEQ ID NO: 217 of WO2005033321), AAV1 (SEQ ID NO: 219 and 202 of WO2005033321), AAV106.1/hu.37 (SEQ ID No: 10 of WO2005033321), AAV14.3/hu.40 (SEQ ID No: 11 of WO2005033321), AAV127.2/hu.41 (SEQ ID NO:6 and 8 of WO2005033321), AAV128.3/hu.44 (SEQ ID No: 81 of WO2005033321), AAV130.4/hu.48 (SEQ ID NO: 78 of WO2005033321), AAV145.1/hu.53 (SEQ ID No: 176 and 177 of WO2005033321), AAV145.6/hu.56 (SEQ ID NO: 168 and 192 of WO2005033321), AAV16.12/hu.11 (SEQ ID NO: 153 and 57 of WO2005033321), AAV16.8/hu.10 (SEQ ID NO: 156 and 56 of WO2005033321), AAV161.10/hu.60 (SEQ ID No: 170 of WO2005033321), AAV161.6/hu.61 (SEQ ID No: 174 of WO2005033321), AAV1-7/rh.48 (SEQ ID NO: 32 of WO2005033321), AAV1-8/rh.49 (SEQ ID NOs: 103 and 25 of WO2005033321), AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 211 and 221 of WO2005033321), AAV2-15/rh.62 (SEQ ID No: 33 and 114 of WO2005033321), AAV2-3/rh.61 (SEQ ID NO: 21 of WO2005033321), AAV2-4/rh.50 (SEQ ID No: 23 and 108 of WO2005033321), AAV2-5/rh.51 (SEQ ID NO: 104 and 22 of WO2005033321), AAV3.1/hu.6 (SEQ ID NO: 5 and 84 of WO2005033321), AAV3.1/hu.9 (SEQ ID NO: 155 and 58 of WO2005033321), AAV3-1 l/rh.53 (SEQ ID NO: 186 and 176 of WO2005033321), AAV3-3 (SEQ ID NO: 200 of WO2005033321), AAV33.12/hu.17 (SEQ ID NO:4 of WO2005033321), AAV33.4/hu.15 (SEQ ID No: 50 of WO2005033321), AAV33.8/hu.16 (SEQ ID No: 51 of WO2005033321), AAV3-9/rh.52 (SEQ ID NO: 96 and 18 of WO02005033321), AAV4-19/rh.55 (SEQ ID NO: 117 of WO2005033321), AAV4-4 (SEQ ID NO: 201 and 218 of WO2005033321), AAV4-9/rh.54 (SEQ ID NO: 116 of WO2005033321), AAV5 (SEQ ID NO: 199 and 216 of WO2005033321), AAV52.1/hu.20 (SEQ ID NO: 63 of WO2005033321), AAV52/hu.19 (SEQ ID NO: 133 of WO2005033321), AAV5-22/rh.58 (SEQ ID No: 27 of WO2005033321), AAV5-3/rh.57 (SEQ ID NO: 105 of WO02005033321), AAV5-3/rh.57 (SEQ ID No: 26 of WO2005033321), AAV58.2/hu.25 (SEQ ID No: 49 of WO2005033321), AAV6 (SEQ ID NO: 203 and 220 of WO2005033321), AAV7 (SEQ ID NO: 222 and 213 of WO2005033321), AAV7.3/hu.7 (SEQ ID No: 55 of WO2005033321), AAV8 (SEQ ID NO: 223 and 214 of WO2005033321), AAVH-1/hu.1 (SEQ ID No: 46 of WO2005033321), AAVH-5/hu.3 (SEQ ID No: 44 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.1 (SEQ ID NO: 144 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.10 (SEQ ID NO: 156 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.11 (SEQ ID NO: 153 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.12 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 59), AAVhu.13 (SEQ ID NO: 129 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.14/AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 123 and 3 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.15 (SEQ ID NO: 147 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.16 (SEQ ID NO: 148 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.17 (SEQ ID NO: 83 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.18 (SEQ ID NO: 149 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.19 (SEQ ID NO: 133 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.2 (SEQ ID NO: 143 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.20 (SEQ ID NO: 134 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.21 (SEQ ID NO: 135 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.22 (SEQ ID NO: 138 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.23.2 (SEQ ID NO: 137 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.24 (SEQ ID NO: 136 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.25 (SEQ ID NO: 146 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.27 (SEQ ID NO: 140 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.29 (SEQ ID NO: 132 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.3 (SEQ ID NO: 145 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.31 (SEQ ID NO: 121 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.32 (SEQ ID NO: 122 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.34 (SEQ ID NO: 125 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.35 (SEQ ID NO: 164 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.37 (SEQ ID NO: 88 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.39 (SEQ ID NO: 102 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.4 (SEQ ID NO: 141 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.40 (SEQ ID NO: 87 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.41 (SEQ ID NO: 91 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.42 (SEQ ID NO: 85 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.43 (SEQ ID NO: 160 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.44 (SEQ ID NO: 144 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.45 (SEQ ID NO: 127 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.46 (SEQ ID NO: 159 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.47 (SEQ ID NO: 128 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.48 (SEQ ID NO: 157 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.49 (SEQ ID NO: 189 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.51 (SEQ ID NO: 190 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.52 (SEQ ID NO: 191 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.53 (SEQ ID NO: 186 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.54 (SEQ ID NO: 188 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.55 (SEQ ID NO: 187 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.56 (SEQ ID NO: 192 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.57 (SEQ ID NO: 193 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.58 (SEQ ID NO: 194 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.6 (SEQ ID NO: 84 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.60 (SEQ ID NO: 184 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.61 (SEQ ID NO: 185 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.63 (SEQ ID NO: 195 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.64 (SEQ ID NO: 196 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.66 (SEQ ID NO: 197 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.67 (SEQ ID NO: 198 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.7 (SEQ ID NO: 150 of WO2005033321), AAVhu.8 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 12), AAVhu.9 (SEQ ID NO: 155 of WO2005033321), AAVLG-10/rh.40 (SEQ ID No: 14 of WO2005033321), AAVLG-4/rh.38 (SEQ ID NO: 86 of WO2005033321), AAVLG-4/rh.38 (SEQ ID No: 7 of WO2005033321), AAVN721-8/rh.43 (SEQ ID NO: 163 of WO2005033321), AAVN721-8/rh.43 (SEQ ID No: 43 of WO2005033321), AAVpi.1 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 28), AAVpi.2 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 30), AAVpi.3 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 29), AAVrh.38 (SEQ ID NO: 86 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.40 (SEQ ID NO: 92 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.43 (SEQ ID NO: 163 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.44 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 34), AAVrh.45 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 41), AAVrh.47 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 38), AAVrh.48 (SEQ ID NO: 115 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.49 (SEQ ID NO: 103 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.50 (SEQ ID NO: 108 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.51 (SEQ ID NO: 104 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.52 (SEQ ID NO: 96 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.53 (SEQ ID NO: 97 of WO02005033321), AAVrh.55 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 37), AAVrh.56 (SEQ ID NO: 152 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.57 (SEQ ID NO: 105 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.58 (SEQ ID NO: 106 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.59 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 42), AAVrh.60 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 31), AAVrh.61 (SEQ ID NO: 107 of WO02005033321), AAVrh.62 (SEQ ID NO: 114 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.64 (SEQ ID NO: 99 of WO2005033321), AAVrh.65 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 35), AAVrh.68 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 16), AAVrh.69 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 39), AAVrh.70 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 20), AAVrh.72 (WO2005033321 SEQ ID NO: 9), or variants thereof including, but not limited to, AAVcy.2, AAVcy.3, AAVcy.4, AAVcy.5, AAVcy.6, AAVrh.12, AAVrh.17, AAVrh.18, AAVrh.19, AAVrh.21, AAVrh.22, AAVrh.23, AAVrh.24, AAVrh.25, AAVrh.25/42 15, AAVrh.31, AAVrh.32, AAVrh.33, AAVrh.34, AAVrh.35, AAVrh.36, AAVrh.37, AAVrh14. Non limiting examples of variants include SEQ ID NO: 13, 15, 17, 19, 24, 36, 40, 45, 47, 48, 51-54, 60-62, 64-77, 79, 80, 82, 89, 90, 93-95, 98, 100, 101, 109-113, 118-120, 124, 126, 131, 139, 142, 151, 154, 158, 161, 162, 165-183, 202, 204-212, 215, 219, 224-236, of WO02005033321, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in International Publication No. WO2015168666, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAVrh8R (SEQ ID NO: 9 of WO2015168666), AAVrh8R A586R mutant (SEQ ID NO: 10 of WO2015168666), AAVrh8R R533A mutant (SEQ ID NO: 11 of WO2015168666), or variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAVhE1.1 (SEQ ID NO:44 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr1.5 (SEQ ID NO:45 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhER1.14 (SEQ ID NO:46 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr1.8 (SEQ ID NO:47 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr1.16 (SEQ ID NO:48 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr1.18 (SEQ ID NO:49 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr1.35 (SEQ ID NO:50 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr1.7 (SEQ ID NO:51 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr1.36 (SEQ ID NO:52 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr2.29 (SEQ ID NO:53 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr2.4 (SEQ ID NO:54 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr2.16 (SEQ ID NO:55 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr2.30 (SEQ ID NO:56 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr2.31 (SEQ ID NO:58 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr2.36 (SEQ ID NO:57 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhER1.23 (SEQ ID NO:53 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAVhEr3.1 (SEQ ID NO:59 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), AAV2.5T (SEQ ID NO:42 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131), or variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Patent Publication No. US20150376607, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV-PAEC (SEQ ID NO:1 of US20150376607), AAV-LK01 (SEQ ID NO:2 of US20150376607), AAV-LK02 (SEQ ID NO:3 of US20150376607), AAV-LK03 (SEQ ID NO:4 of US20150376607), AAV-LK04 (SEQ ID NO:5 of US20150376607), AAV-LK05 (SEQ ID NO:6 of US20150376607), AAV-LK06 (SEQ ID NO:7 of US20150376607), AAV-LK07 (SEQ ID NO:8 of US20150376607), AAV-LK08 (SEQ ID NO:9 of US20150376607), AAV-LK09 (SEQ ID NO: 10 of US20150376607), AAV-LK10 (SEQ ID NO: 11 of US20150376607), AAV-LK11 (SEQ ID NO:12 of US20150376607), AAV-LK12 (SEQ ID NO: 13 of US20150376607), AAV-LK13 (SEQ ID NO: 14 of US20150376607), AAV-LK14 (SEQ ID NO: 15 of US20150376607), AAV-LK15 (SEQ ID NO:16 of US20150376607), AAV-LK16 (SEQ ID NO: 17 of US20150376607), AAV-LK17 (SEQ ID NO: 18 of US20150376607), AAV-LK18 (SEQ ID NO: 19 of US20150376607), AAV-LK19 (SEQ ID NO:20 of US20150376607), AAV-PAEC2 (SEQ ID NO:21 of US20150376607), AAV-PAEC4 (SEQ ID NO:22 of US20150376607), AAV-PAEC6 (SEQ ID NO:23 of US20150376607), AAV-PAEC7 (SEQ ID NO:24 of US20150376607), AAV-PAEC8 (SEQ ID NO:25 of US20150376607), AAV-PAEC1 (SEQ ID NO:26 of US20150376607), AAV-PAEC12 (SEQ ID NO:27, of US20150376607), or variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,163,261, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV-2-pre-miRNA-101 (SEQ ID NO: 1 U.S. Pat. No. 9,163,261), or variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Patent Publication No. US20150376240, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV-8h (SEQ ID NO: 6 of US20150376240), AAV-8b (SEQ ID NO: 5 of US20150376240), AAV-h (SEQ ID NO: 2 of US20150376240), AAV-b (SEQ ID NO: 1 of US20150376240), or variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Patent Publication No. US20160017295, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV SM 10-2 (SEQ ID NO: 22 of US20160017295), AAV Shuffle 100-1 (SEQ ID NO: 23 of US20160017295), AAV Shuffle 100-3 (SEQ ID NO: 24 of US20160017295), AAV Shuffle 100-7 (SEQ ID NO: 25 of US20160017295), AAV Shuffle 10-2 (SEQ ID NO: 34 of US20160017295), AAV Shuffle 10-6 (SEQ ID NO: 35 of US20160017295), AAV Shuffle 10-8 (SEQ ID NO: 36 of US20160017295), AAV Shuffle 100-2 (SEQ ID NO: 37 of US20160017295), AAV SM 10-1 (SEQ ID NO: 38 of US20160017295), AAV SM 10-8 (SEQ ID NO: 39 of US20160017295), AAV SM 100-3 (SEQ ID NO: 40 of US20160017295), AAV SM 100-10 (SEQ ID NO: 41 of US20160017295), or variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Patent Publication No. US20150238550, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, BNP61 AAV (SEQ ID NO: 1 of US20150238550), BNP62 AAV (SEQ ID NO: 3 of US20150238550), BNP63 AAV (SEQ ID NO: 4 of US20150238550), or variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be or may have a sequence as described in United States Patent Publication No. US20150315612, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAVrh.50 (SEQ ID NO: 108 of US20150315612), AAVrh.43 (SEQ ID NO: 163 of US20150315612), AAVrh.62 (SEQ ID NO: 114 of US20150315612), AAVrh.48 (SEQ ID NO: 115 of US20150315612), AAVhu.19 (SEQ ID NO: 133 of US20150315612), AAVhu.11 (SEQ ID NO: 153 of US20150315612), AAVhu.53 (SEQ ID NO: 186 of US20150315612), AAV4-8/rh.64 (SEQ ID No: 15 of US20150315612), AAVLG-9/hu.39 (SEQ ID No: 24 of US20150315612), AAV54.5/hu.23 (SEQ ID No: 60 of US20150315612), AAV54.2/hu.22 (SEQ ID No: 67 of US20150315612), AAV54.7/hu.24 (SEQ ID No: 66 of US20150315612), AAV54.1/hu.21 (SEQ ID No: 65 of US20150315612), AAV54.4R/hu.27 (SEQ ID No: 64 of US20150315612), AAV46.2/hu.28 (SEQ ID No: 68 of US20150315612), AAV46.6/hu.29 (SEQ ID No: 69 of US20150315612), AAV128.1/hu.43 (SEQ ID No: 80 of US20150315612), or variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in International Publication No. WO2015121501, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, true type AAV (ttAAV) (SEQ ID NO: 2 of WO2015121501), “UPenn AAV10” (SEQ ID NO: 8 of WO2015121501), “Japanese AAV10” (SEQ ID NO: 9 of WO2015121501), or variants thereof.

According to the present invention, AAV capsid serotype selection or use may be from a variety of species. In one embodiment, the AAV may be an avian AAV (AAAV). The AAAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,238,800, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAAV (SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,238,800), or variants thereof.

In one embodiment, the AAV may be a bovine AAV (BAAV). The BAAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,193,769, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, BAAV (SEQ ID NO: 1 and 6 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,193,769), or variants thereof. The BAAV serotype may be or have a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,427,396, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, BAAV (SEQ ID NO: 5 and 6 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,427,396), or variants thereof.

In one embodiment, the AAV may be a caprine AAV. The caprine AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,427,396, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, caprine AAV (SEQ ID NO: 3 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,427,396), or variants thereof.

In other embodiments the AAV may be engineered as a hybrid AAV from two or more parental serotypes. In one embodiment, the AAV may be AAV2G9 which comprises sequences from AAV2 and AAV9. The AAV2G9 AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in United States Patent Publication No. US20160017005, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV may be a serotype generated by the AAV9 capsid library with mutations in amino acids 390-627 (VP1 numbering) as described by Pulicherla et al. (Molecular Therapy 19(6): 1070-1078 (2011), the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. The serotype and corresponding nucleotide and amino acid substitutions may be, but is not limited to, AAV9.1 (G1594C; D532H), AAV6.2 (T1418A and T1436X; V473D and 1479K), AAV9.3 (T1238A; F413Y), AAV9.4 (T1250C and A1617T; F417S), AAV9.5 (A1235G, A1314T, A1642G, C1760T; Q412R, T548A, A587V), AAV9.6 (T1231A; F411I), AAV9.9 (G1203A, G1785T; W595C), AAV9.10 (A1500G, T1676C; M559T), AAV9.11 (A1425T, A1702C, A1769T; T568P, Q590L), AAV9.13 (A1369C, A1720T; N457H, T574S), AAV9.14 (T1340A, T1362C, T1560C, G1713A; L447H), AAV9.16 (A1775T; Q592L), AAV9.24 (T1507C, T1521G; W503R), AAV9.26 (A1337G, A1769C; Y446C, Q590P), AAV9.33 (A1667C; D556A), AAV9.34 (A1534G, C1794T; N512D), AAV9.35 (A1289T, T1450A, C1494T, A1515T, C1794A, G1816A; Q430L, Y484N, N98K, V606I), AAV9.40 (A1694T, E565V), AAV9.41 (A1348T, T1362C; T450S), AAV9.44 (A1684C, A1701T, A1737G; N562H, K567N), AAV9.45 (A1492T, C1804T; N498Y, L602F), AAV9.46 (G1441C, T1525C, T1549G; G481R, W509R, L517V), 9.47 (G1241A, G1358A, A1669G, C1745T; S414N, G453D, K557E, T582I), AAV9.48 (C1445T, A1736T; P482L, Q579L), AAV9.50 (A1638T, C1683T, T1805A; Q546H, L602H), AAV9.53 (G1301A, A1405C, C1664T, G1811 T; R134Q, S469R, A555V, G604V), AAV9.54 (C1531A, T1609A; L511I, L537M), AAV9.55 (T1605A; F535L), AAV9.58 (C1475T, C1579A; T492I, H527N), AAV.59 (T1336C; Y446H), AAV9.61 (A1493T; N498I), AAV9.64 (C1531A, A1617T; L511I), AAV9.65 (C1335T, T1530C, C1568A; A523D), AAV9.68 (C1510A; P504T), AAV9.80 (G1441A; G481R), AAV9.83 (C1402A, A1500T; P468T, E500D), AAV9.87 (T1464C, T1468C; S490P), AAV9.90 (A1196T; Y399F), AAV9.91 (T1316G, A1583T, C1782G, T1806C; L439R K528I), AAV9.93 (A1273G, A1421G, A1638C, C1712T, G1732A, A1744T, A1832T; S425G, Q474R, Q546H, P571L, G578R, T582S, D61 IV), AAV9.94 (A1675T; M559L) and AAV9.95 (T1605A; F535L).

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in International Publication No. WO2016049230, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to AAVF1/HSC1 (SEQ ID NO: 2 and 20 of WO2016049230), AAVF2/HSC2 (SEQ ID NO: 3 and 21 of WO2016049230), AAVF3/HSC3 (SEQ ID NO: 5 and 22 of WO2016049230), AAVF4/HSC4 (SEQ ID NO: 6 and 23 of WO2016049230), AAVF5/HSC5 (SEQ ID NO: 11 and 25 of WO2016049230), AAVF6/HSC6 (SEQ ID NO: 7 and 24 of WO2016049230), AAVF7/HSC7 (SEQ ID NO: 8 and 27 of WO2016049230), AAVF8/HSC8 (SEQ ID NO: 9 and 28 of WO02016049230), AAVF9/HSC9 (SEQ ID NO: 10 and 29 of WO2016049230), AAVF11/HSC11 (SEQ ID NO: 4 and 26 of WO2016049230), AAVF12/HSC12 (SEQ ID NO: 12 and 30 of WO2016049230), AAVF13/HSC13 (SEQ ID NO: 14 and 31 of WO2016049230), AAVF14/HSC14 (SEQ ID NO: 15 and 32 of WO2016049230), AAVF15/HSC15 (SEQ ID NO: 16 and 33 of WO2016049230), AAVF16/HSC16 (SEQ ID NO: 17 and 34 of WO2016049230), AAVF17/HSC17 (SEQ ID NO: 13 and 35 of WO2016049230), or variants or derivatives thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV CBr-E1 (SEQ ID NO: 13 and 87 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-E2 (SEQ ID NO: 14 and 88 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-E3 (SEQ ID NO: 15 and 89 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-E4 (SEQ ID NO: 16 and 90 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-E5 (SEQ ID NO: 17 and 91 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-e5 (SEQ ID NO: 18 and 92 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-E6 (SEQ ID NO: 19 and 93 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-E7 (SEQ ID NO: 20 and 94 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CBr-E8 (SEQ ID NO: 21 and 95 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D1 (SEQ ID NO: 22 and 96 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D2 (SEQ ID NO: 23 and 97 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D3 (SEQ ID NO: 24 and 98 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D4 (SEQ ID NO: 25 and 99 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D5 (SEQ ID NO: 26 and 100 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D6 (SEQ ID NO: 27 and 101 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D7 (SEQ ID NO: 28 and 102 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-D8 (SEQ ID NO: 29 and 103 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-E1 (SEQ ID NO: 13 and 87 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R1 (SEQ ID NO: 30 and 104 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R2 (SEQ ID NO: 31 and 105 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R3 (SEQ ID NO: 32 and 106 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R4 (SEQ ID NO: 33 and 107 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R5 (SEQ ID NO: 34 and 108 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R6 (SEQ ID NO: 35 and 109 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R7 (SEQ ID NO: 36 and 110 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R8 (SEQ ID NO: 37 and 111 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-R9 (SEQ ID NO: 38 and 112 of US8734809), AAV CLg-F1 (SEQ ID NO: 39 and 113 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F2 (SEQ ID NO: 40 and 114 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F3 (SEQ ID NO: 41 and 115 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F4 (SEQ ID NO: 42 and 116 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F5 (SEQ ID NO: 43 and 117 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F6 (SEQ ID NO: 43 and 117 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F7 (SEQ ID NO: 44 and 118 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLg-F8 (SEQ ID NO: 43 and 117 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-1 (SEQ ID NO: 45 and 119 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-10 (SEQ ID NO: 46 and 120 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-11 (SEQ ID NO: 47 and 121 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-2 (SEQ ID NO: 48 and 122 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-3 (SEQ ID NO: 49 and 123 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-4 (SEQ ID NO: 50 and 124 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-6 (SEQ ID NO: 51 and 125 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-7 (SEQ ID NO: 52 and 126 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-8 (SEQ ID NO: 53 and 127 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CSp-9 (SEQ ID NO: 54 and 128 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CHt-2 (SEQ ID NO: 55 and 129 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CHt-3 (SEQ ID NO: 56 and 130 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-1 (SEQ ID NO: 57 and 131 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-10 (SEQ ID NO: 58 and 132 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-2 (SEQ ID NO: 59 and 133 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-3 (SEQ ID NO: 60 and 134 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-4 (SEQ ID NO: 61 and 135 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-6 (SEQ ID NO: 62 and 136 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-7 (SEQ ID NO: 63 and 137 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-8 (SEQ ID NO: 64 and 138 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-1 (SEQ ID NO: 35 and 139 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-12 (SEQ ID NO: 66 and 140 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-13 (SEQ ID NO: 67 and 141 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-2 (SEQ ID NO: 68 and 142 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-3 (SEQ ID NO: 69 and 143 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-4 (SEQ ID NO: 70 and 144 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-6 (SEQ ID NO: 71 and 145 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv-8 (SEQ ID NO: 72 and 146 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B1 (SEQ ID NO: 73 and 147 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B2 (SEQ ID NO: 74 and 148 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B3 (SEQ ID NO: 75 and 149 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B4 (SEQ ID NO: 76 and 150 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B5 (SEQ ID NO: 77 and 151 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B6 (SEQ ID NO: 78 and 152 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B7 (SEQ ID NO: 79 and 153 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-B8 (SEQ ID NO: 80 and 154 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-H1 (SEQ ID NO: 81 and 155 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-H2 (SEQ ID NO: 82 and 156 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-H3 (SEQ ID NO: 83 and 157 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-H4 (SEQ ID NO: 84 and 158 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-H5 (SEQ ID NO: 85 and 159 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CKd-H6 (SEQ ID NO: 77 and 151 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CHt-1 (SEQ ID NO: 86 and 160 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv1-1 (SEQ ID NO: 171 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv1-2 (SEQ ID NO: 172 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv1-3 (SEQ ID NO: 173 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV CLv1-4 (SEQ ID NO: 174 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV Clv1-7 (SEQ ID NO: 175 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV Clv1-8 (SEQ ID NO: 176 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV Clv1-9 (SEQ ID NO: 177 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV Clv1-10 (SEQ ID NO: 178 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV.VR-355 (SEQ ID NO: 181 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), AAV.hu.48R3 (SEQ ID NO: 183 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809), or variants or derivatives thereof.

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be, or have, a sequence as described in International Publication No. WO2016065001, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to AAV CHt-P2 (SEQ ID NO: 1 and 51 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-P5 (SEQ ID NO: 2 and 52 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-P9 (SEQ ID NO: 3 and 53 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.1 (SEQ ID NO: 4 and 54 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.2 (SEQ ID NO: 5 and 55 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.3 (SEQ ID NO: 6 and 56 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.4 (SEQ ID NO: 7 and 57 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.5 (SEQ ID NO: 8 and 58 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.7 (SEQ ID NO: 9 and 59 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.8 (SEQ ID NO: 10 and 60 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-7.10 (SEQ ID NO: 11 and 61 of WO2016065001), AAV CKd-N3 (SEQ ID NO: 12 and 62 of WO2016065001), AAV CKd-N4 (SEQ ID NO: 13 and 63 of WO2016065001), AAV CKd-N9 (SEQ ID NO: 14 and 64 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-L4 (SEQ ID NO: 15 and 65 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-L5 (SEQ ID NO: 16 and 66 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-L6 (SEQ ID NO: 17 and 67 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-K1 (SEQ ID NO: 18 and 68 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-K3 (SEQ ID NO: 19 and 69 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-K6 (SEQ ID NO: 20 and 70 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M1 (SEQ ID NO: 21 and 71 of WO02016065001), AAV CLv-M11 (SEQ ID NO: 22 and 72 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M2 (SEQ ID NO: 23 and 73 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M5 (SEQ ID NO: 24 and 74 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M6 (SEQ ID NO: 25 and 75 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M7 (SEQ ID NO: 26 and 76 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M8 (SEQ ID NO: 27 and 77 of WO2016065001), AAV CLv-M9 (SEQ ID NO: 28 and 78 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-P1 (SEQ ID NO: 29 and 79 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-P6 (SEQ ID NO: 30 and 80 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-P8 (SEQ ID NO: 31 and 81 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-6.1 (SEQ ID NO: 32 and 82 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-6.10 (SEQ ID NO: 33 and 83 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-6.5 (SEQ ID NO: 34 and 84 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-6.6 (SEQ ID NO: 35 and 85 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-6.7 (SEQ ID NO: 36 and 86 of WO2016065001), AAV CHt-6.8 (SEQ ID NO: 37 and 87 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.10 (SEQ ID NO: 38 and 88 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.2 (SEQ ID NO: 39 and 89 of WO02016065001), AAV CSp-8.4 (SEQ ID NO: 40 and 90 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.5 (SEQ ID NO: 41 and 91 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.6 (SEQ ID NO: 42 and 92 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.7 (SEQ ID NO: 43 and 93 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.8 (SEQ ID NO: 44 and 94 of WO2016065001), AAV CSp-8.9 (SEQ ID NO: 45 and 95 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-B7.3 (SEQ ID NO: 46 and 96 of WO2016065001), AAV CBr-B7.4 (SEQ ID NO: 47 and 97 of WO2016065001), AAV3B (SEQ ID NO: 48 and 98 of WO2016065001), AAV4 (SEQ ID NO: 49 and 99 of WO2016065001), AAV5 (SEQ ID NO: 50 and 100 of WO2016065001), or variants or derivatives thereof.

In one embodiment, the AAV may be a serotype selected from any of those found in Table 1.

In one embodiment, the AAV may comprise a sequence, fragment or variant thereof, of the sequences in Table 1.

In one embodiment, the AAV may be encoded by a sequence, fragment or variant as described in Table 1.

TABLE 1 AAV Serotypes SEQ ID Serotype NO Reference Information AAV1 1 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 11, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 202 AAV1 2 US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 1 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 64, US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 27, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 219, U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951 SEQ ID NO: 5 AAV1 3 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 6 AAV1.3 4 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 14 AAV10 5 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 117 AAV10 6 WO2015121501 SEQ ID NO: 9 AAV10 7 WO2015121501 SEQ ID NO: 8 AAV11 8 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 118 AAV12 9 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 119 AAV2 10 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 7, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 211 AAV2 11 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 70, US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 23, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 221, US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 2, U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303 SEQ ID NO: 4, U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951 SEQ ID NO: 4, WO2015121501 SEQ ID NO: 1 AAV2 12 U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303 SEQ ID NO: 8 AAV2 13 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 7 AAV2 14 U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303 SEQ ID NO: 3 AAV2.5T 15 U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131 SEQ ID NO: 42 AAV223.10 16 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 75 AAV223.2 17 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 49 AAV223.2 18 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 76 AAV223.4 19 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 50 AAV223.4 20 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 73 AAV223.5 21 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 51 AAV223.5 22 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 74 AAV223.6 23 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 52 AAV223.6 24 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 78 AAV223.7 25 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 53 AAV223.7 26 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 77 AAV29.3 27 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 82 AAV29.4 28 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 12 AAV29.5 29 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 83 AAV29.5 30 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 13 (AAVbb.2) AAV3 31 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 12 AAV3 32 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 71, US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 28, US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 3, U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951 SEQ ID NO: 6 AAV3 33 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 8 AAV3.3b 34 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 72 AAV3-3 35 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 200 AAV3-3 36 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 217 AAV3a 37 U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303 SEQ ID NO: 5 AAV3a 38 U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303 SEQ ID NO: 9 AAV3b 39 U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303 SEQ ID NO: 6 AAV3b 40 U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303 SEQ ID NO: 10 AAV3b 41 U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303 SEQ ID NO: 1 AAV4 42 US20140348794 SEQ ID NO: 17 AAV4 43 US20140348794 SEQ ID NO: 5 AAV4 44 US20140348794 SEQ ID NO: 3 AAV4 45 US20140348794 SEQ ID NO: 14 AAV4 46 US20140348794 SEQ ID NO: 15 AAV4 47 US20140348794 SEQ ID NO: 19 AAV4 48 US20140348794 SEQ ID NO: 12 AAV4 49 US20140348794 SEQ ID NO: 13 AAV4 50 US20140348794 SEQ ID NO: 7 AAV4 51 US20140348794 SEQ ID NO: 8 AAV4 52 US20140348794 SEQ ID NO: 9 AAV4 53 US20140348794 SEQ ID NO: 2 AAV4 54 US20140348794 SEQ ID NO: 10 AAV4 55 US20140348794 SEQ ID NO: 11 AAV4 56 US20140348794 SEQ ID NO: 18 AAV4 57 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 63, US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 4, US20140348794 SEQ ID NO: 4 AAV4 58 US20140348794 SEQ ID NO: 16 AAV4 59 US20140348794 SEQ ID NO: 20 AAV4 60 US20140348794 SEQ ID NO: 6 AAV4 61 US20140348794 SEQ ID NO: 1 AAV42.2 62 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 9 AAV42.2 63 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 102 AAV42.3b 64 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 36 AAV42.3B 65 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 107 AAV42.4 66 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 33 AAV42.4 67 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 88 AAV42.8 68 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 27 AAV42.8 69 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 85 AAV43.1 70 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 39 AAV43.1 71 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 92 AAV43.12 72 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 41 AAV43.12 73 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 93 AAV43.20 74 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 42 AAV43.20 75 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 99 AAV43.21 76 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 43 AAV43.21 77 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 96 AAV43.23 78 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 44 AAV43.23 79 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 98 AAV43.25 80 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 45 AAV43.25 81 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 97 AAV43.5 82 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 40 AAV43.5 83 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 94 AAV4-4 84 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 201 AAV4-4 85 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 218 AAV44.1 86 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 46 AAV44.1 87 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 79 AAV44.5 88 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 47 AAV44.5 89 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 80 AAV4407 90 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 90 AAV5 91 U.S. Pat. No. 7,427,396 SEQ ID NO: 1 AAV5 92 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 114 AAV5 93 US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 5, U.S. Pat. No. 7,427,396 SEQ ID NO: 2, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 216 AAV5 94 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 199 AAV6 95 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 13 AAV6 96 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 65, US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 29, US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 6, U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303 SEQ ID NO: 7 AAV6 97 U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303 SEQ ID NO: 11 AAV6 98 U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303 SEQ ID NO: 2 AAV6 99 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 203 AAV6 100 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 220 AAV6.1 101 US20150159173 AAV6.12 102 US20150159173 AAV6.2 103 US20150159173 AAV7 104 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 14 AAV7 105 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 183 AAV7 106 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 2, US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 30, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 181, US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 7 AAV7 107 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 3 AAV7 108 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 1, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 180 AAV7 109 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 213 AAV7 110 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 222 AAV8 111 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 15 AAV8 112 US20150376240 SEQ ID NO: 7 AAV8 113 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 4, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 182 AAV8 114 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 95, US20140359799 SEQ ID NO: 1, US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 31, US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 8, U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951 SEQ ID NO: 7, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 223 AAV8 115 US20150376240 SEQ ID NO: 8 AAV8 116 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 214 AAV-8b 117 US20150376240 SEQ ID NO: 5 AAV-8b 118 US20150376240 SEQ ID NO: 3 AAV-8h 119 US20150376240 SEQ ID NO: 6 AAV-8h 120 US20150376240 SEQ ID NO: 4 AAV9 121 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 5 AAV9 122 U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951 SEQ ID NO: 1 AAV9 123 US20160017295 SEQ ID NO: 9 AAV9 124 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 100, U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951 SEQ ID NO: 2 AAV9 125 U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,951 SEQ ID NO: 3 AAV9 126 U.S. Pat. No. 7,906,111 SEQ ID NO: 3; (AAVhu.14) WO2015038958 SEQ ID NO: 11 AAV9 127 U.S. Pat. No. 7,906,111 SEQ ID NO: 123; (AAVhu.14) WO2015038958 SEQ ID NO: 2 AAVA3.1 128 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 120 AAVA3.3 129 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 57 AAVA3.3 130 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 66 AAVA3.4 131 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 54 AAVA3.4 132 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 68 AAVA3.5 133 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 55 AAVA3.5 134 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 69 AAVA3.7 135 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 56 AAVA3.7 136 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 67 AAV29.3 137 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 11 (AAVbb.1) AAVC2 138 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 61 AAV Ch.5 139 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 46, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 234 AAVcy.2 140 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 15 (AAV13.3) AAV24.1 141 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 101 AAVcy.3 142 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 16 (AAV24.1) AAV27.3 143 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 104 AAVcy.4 144 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 17 (AAV27.3) AAVcy.5 145 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 227 AAV7.2 146 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 103 AAVcy.5 147 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 18 (AAV7.2) AAV16.3 148 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 105 AAVcy.6 149 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 10 (AAV16.3) AAVcy.5 150 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 8 AAVcy.5 151 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 24 AAVCy.5R1 152 US20150159173 AAVCy.5R2 153 US20150159173 AAVCy.5R3 154 US20150159173 AAVCy.5R4 155 US20150159173 AAVDJ 156 US20140359799 SEQ ID NO: 3, U.S. Pat. No. 7,588,772 SEQ ID NO: 2 AAVDJ 157 US20140359799 SEQ ID NO: 2, U.S. Pat. No. 7,588,772 SEQ ID NO: 1 AAVDJ-8 158 U.S. Pat. No. 7,588,772; Grimm et al 2008 AAVDJ-8 159 U.S. Pat. No. 7,588,772; Grimm et al 2008 AAVF5 160 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 110 AAVH2 161 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 26 AAVH6 162 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 25 AAVhE1.1 163 U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131 SEQ ID NO: 44 AAVhEr1.14 164 U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131 SEQ ID NO: 46 AAVhEr1.16 165 U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131 SEQ ID NO: 48 AAVhEr1.18 166 U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131 SEQ ID NO: 49 AAVhEr1.23 167 U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131 SEQ ID NO: 53 (AAVhEr2.29) AAVhEr1.35 168 U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131 SEQ ID NO: 50 AAVhEr1.36 169 U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131 SEQ ID NO: 52 AAVhEr1.5 170 U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131 SEQ ID NO: 45 AAVhEr1.7 171 U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131 SEQ ID NO: 51 AAVhEr1.8 172 U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131 SEQ ID NO: 47 AAVhEr2.16 173 U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131 SEQ ID NO: 55 AAVhEr2.30 174 U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131 SEQ ID NO: 56 AAVhEr2.31 175 U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131 SEQ ID NO: 58 AAVhEr2.36 176 U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131 SEQ ID NO: 57 AAVhEr2.4 177 U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131 SEQ ID NO: 54 AAVhEr3.1 178 U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,131 SEQ ID NO: 59 AAVhu.1 179 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 46 AAVhu.1 180 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 144 AAVhu.10 181 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 56 (AAV16.8) AAVhu.10 182 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 156 (AAV16.8) AAVhu.11 183 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 57 (AAV16.12) AAVhu.11 184 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 153 (AAV16.12) AAVhu.12 185 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 59 AAVhu.12 186 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 154 AAVhu.13 187 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 16, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 71 AAVhu.13 188 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 32, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 129 AAVhu.136.1 189 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 165 AAVhu.140.1 190 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 166 AAVhu.140.2 191 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 167 AAVhu.145.6 192 US20150315612 SEQ ID No: 178 AAVhu.15 193 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 147 AAVhu.15 194 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 50 (AAV33.4) AAVhu.156.1 195 US20150315612 SEQ ID No: 179 AAVhu.16 196 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 148 AAVhu.16 197 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 51 (AAV33.8) AAVhu.17 198 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 83 AAVhu.17 199 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 4 (AAV33.12) AAVhu.172.1 200 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 171 AAVhu.172.2 201 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 172 AAVhu.173.4 202 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 173 AAVhu.173.8 203 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 175 AAVhu.18 204 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 52 AAVhu.18 205 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 149 AAVhu.19 206 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 62 AAVhu.19 207 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 133 AAVhu.2 208 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 48 AAVhu.2 209 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 143 AAVhu.20 210 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 63 AAVhu.20 211 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 134 AAVhu.21 212 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 65 AAVhu.21 213 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 135 AAVhu.22 214 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 67 AAVhu.22 215 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 138 AAVhu.23 216 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 60 AAVhu.23.2 217 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 137 AAVhu.24 218 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 66 AAVhu.24 219 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 136 AAVhu.25 220 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 49 AAVhu.25 221 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 146 AAVhu.26 222 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 17, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 61 AAVhu.26 223 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 33, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 139 AAVhu.27 224 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 64 AAVhu.27 225 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 140 AAVhu.28 226 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 68 AAVhu.28 227 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 130 AAVhu.29 228 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 69 AAVhu.29 229 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 42, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 132 AAVhu.29 230 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 225 AAVhu.29R 231 US20150159173 AAVhu.3 232 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 44 AAVhu.3 233 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 145 AAVhu.30 234 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 70 AAVhu.30 235 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 131 AAVhu.31 236 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 1 AAVhu.31 237 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 121 AAVhu.32 238 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 2 AAVhu.32 239 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 122 AAVhu.33 240 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 75 AAVhu.33 241 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 124 AAVhu.34 242 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 72 AAVhu.34 243 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 125 AAVhu.35 244 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 73 AAVhu.35 245 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 164 AAVhu.36 246 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 74 AAVhu.36 247 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 126 AAVhu.37 248 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 34, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 88 AAVhu.37 249 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 10, (AAV106.1) US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 18 AAVhu.38 250 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 161 AAVhu.39 251 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 102 AAVhu.39 252 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 24 (AAVLG-9) AAVhu.4 253 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 47 AAVhu.4 254 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 141 AAVhu.40 255 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 87 AAVhu.40 256 US20150315612 SEQ ID No: 11 (AAV114.3) AAVhu.41 257 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 91 AAVhu.41 258 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 6 (AAV127.2) AAVhu.42 259 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 85 AAVhu.42 260 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 8 (AAV127.5) AAVhu.43 261 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 160 AAVhu.43 262 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 236 AAVhu.43 263 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 80 (AAV128.1) AAVhu.44 264 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 45, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 158 AAVhu.44 265 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 81 AAV1283 AAVhu.44R1 266 US20150159173 AAVhu.44R2 267 US20150159173 AAVhu.44R3 268 US20150159173 AAVhu.45 269 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 76 AAVhu.45 270 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 127 AAVhu.46 271 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 82 AAVhu.46 272 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 159 AAVhu.46 273 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 224 AAVhu.47 274 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 77 AAVhu.47 275 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 128 AAVhu.48 276 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 38 AAVhu.48 277 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 157 AAVhu.48 278 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 78 (AAV130.4) AAVhu.48R1 279 US20150159173 AAVhu.48R2 280 US20150159173 AAVhu.48R3 281 US20150159173 AAVhu.49 282 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 209 AAVhu.49 283 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 189 AAVhu.5 284 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 45 AAVhu.5 285 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 142 AAVhu.51 286 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 208 AAVhu.51 287 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 190 AAVhu.52 288 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 210 AAVhu.52 289 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 191 AAVhu.53 290 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 19 AAVhu.53 291 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 35 AAVhu.53 292 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 176 (AAV145.1) AAVhu.54 293 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 188 AAVhu.54 294 US20150315612 SEQ ID No: 177 (AAV145.5) AAVhu.55 295 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 187 AAVhu.56 296 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 205 AAVhu.56 297 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 168 (AAV145.6) AAVhu.56 298 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 192 (AAV145.6) AAVhu.57 299 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 206 AAVhu.57 300 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 169 AAVhu.57 301 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 193 AAVhu.58 302 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 207 AAVhu.58 303 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 194 AAVhu.6 304 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 5 (AAV3.1) AAVhu.6 305 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 84 (AAV3.1) AAVhu.60 306 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 184 AAVhu.60 307 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 170 (AAV161.10) AAVhu.61 308 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 185 AAVhu.61 309 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 174 (AAV161.6) AAVhu.63 310 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 204 AAVhu.63 311 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 195 AAVhu.64 312 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 212 AAVhu.64 313 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 196 AAVhu.66 314 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 197 AAVhu.67 315 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 215 AAVhu.67 316 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 198 AAVhu.7 317 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 226 AAVhu.7 318 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 150 AAVhu.7 319 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 55 (AAV7.3) AAVhu.71 320 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 79 AAVhu.8 321 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 53 AAVhu.8 322 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 12 AAVhu.8 323 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 151 AAVhu.9 324 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 58 (AAV3.1) AAVhu.9 325 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 155 (AAV3.1) AAV-LK01 326 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 2 AAV-LK01 327 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 29 AAV-LK02 328 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 3 AAV-LK02 329 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 30 AAV-LK03 330 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 4 AAV-LK03 331 WO2015121501 SEQ ID NO: 12, US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 31 AAV-LK04 332 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 5 AAV-LK04 333 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 32 AAV-LK05 334 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 6 AAV-LK05 335 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 33 AAV-LK06 336 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 7 AAV-LK06 337 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 34 AAV-LK07 338 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 8 AAV-LK07 339 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 35 AAV-LK08 340 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 9 AAV-LK08 341 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 36 AAV-LK09 342 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 10 AAV-LK09 343 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 37 AAV-LK10 344 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 11 AAV-LK10 345 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 38 AAV-LK11 346 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 12 AAV-LK11 347 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 39 AAV-LK12 348 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 13 AAV-LK12 349 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 40 AAV-LK13 350 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 14 AAV-LK13 351 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 41 AAV-LK14 352 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 15 AAV-LK14 353 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 42 AAV-LK15 354 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 16 AAV-LK15 355 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 43 AAV-LK16 356 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 17 AAV-LK16 357 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 44 AAV-LK17 358 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 18 AAV-LK17 359 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 45 AAV-LK18 360 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 19 AAV-LK18 361 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 46 AAV-LK19 362 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 20 AAV-LK19 363 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 47 AAV-PAEC 364 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 1 AAV-PAEC 365 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 48 AAV- 366 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 26 PAEC11 AAV- 367 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 54 PAEC11 AAV- 368 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 27 PAEC12 AAV- 369 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 51 PAEC12 AAV- 370 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 28 PAEC13 AAV- 371 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 49 PAEC13 AAV-PAEC2 372 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 21 AAV-PAEC2 373 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 56 AAV-PAEC4 374 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 22 AAV-PAEC4 375 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 55 AAV-PAEC6 376 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 23 AAV-PAEC6 377 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 52 AAV-PAEC7 378 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 24 AAV-PAEC7 379 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 53 AAV-PAEC8 380 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 25 AAV-PAEC8 381 US20150376607 SEQ ID NO: 50 AAVpi.1 382 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 28 AAVpi.1 383 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 93 AAVpi.2 384 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 30 AAVpi.2 385 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 95 AAVpi.3 386 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 29 AAVpi.3 387 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 94 AAVrh.10 388 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 9 AAVrh.10 389 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 25 AAV44.2 390 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 59 AAVrh.10 391 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 81 (AAV44.2) AAV42.1B 392 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 90 AAVrh.12 393 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 30 (AAV42.1b) AAVrh.13 394 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 10 AAVrh.13 395 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 26 AAVrh.13 396 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 228 AAVrh3.13R 397 US20150159173 AAV42.3A 398 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 87 AAVrh.14 399 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 32 (AAV42.3a) AAV42.5A 400 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 89 AAVrh.17 401 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 34 (AAV42.5a) AAV42.5B 402 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 91 AAVrh.18 403 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 29 (AAV42.5b) AAV42.6B 404 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 112 AAVrh.19 405 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 38 (AAV42.6b) AAVrh.2 406 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 39 AAVrh.2 407 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 231 AAVrh.20 408 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 1 AAV42.10 409 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 106 AAVrh.21 410 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 35 (AAV42.10) AAV42.11 411 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 108 AAVrh.22 412 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 37 (AAV42.11) AAV42.12 413 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 113 AAVrh.23 414 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 58 (AAV42.12) AAV42.13 415 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 86 AAVrh.24 416 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 31 (AAV42.13) AAV42.15 417 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 84 AAVrh.25 418 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 28 (AAV42.15) AAVrh.2R 419 US20150159173 AAVrh.31 420 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 48 (AAV223.1) AAVC1 421 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 60 AAVrh.32 422 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 19 (AAVC1) AAVrh.32/33 423 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 2 AAVrh.33 424 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 20 (AAVC3) AAVC5 425 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 62 AAVrh.34 426 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 21 (AAVC5) AAVF1 427 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 109 AAVrh.35 428 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 22 (AAVF1) AAVF3 429 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 111 AAVrh.36 430 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 23 (AAVF3) AAVrh.37 431 US20030138772 SEQ ID NO: 24 AAVrh.37 432 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 40 AAVrh.37 433 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 229 AAVrh.37R2 434 US20150159173 AAVrh.38 435 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 7 (AAVLG-4) AAVrh.38 436 US20450315612 SEQ ID NO: 86 (AAVLG-4) AAVrh.39 437 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 20, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 13 AAVrh.39 438 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 3, US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 36, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 89 AAVrh.40 439 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 92 AAVrh.40 440 US20150315612 SEQ ID No: 14 (AAVLG-10) AAVrh.43 441 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 43, (AAVN721-8) US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 21 AAVrh.43 442 US20450315612 SEQ ID NO: 163, (AAVN721-8) US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 37 AAVrh.44 443 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 34 AAVrh.44 444 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 111 AAVrh.45 445 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 41 AAVrh.45 446 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 109 AAVrh.46 447 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 22, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 19 AAVrh.46 448 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 4, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 101 AAVrh.47 449 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 38 AAVrh.47 450 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 118 AAVrh.48 451 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 44, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 115 AAVrh.48.1 452 US20150159173 AAVrh.48.1.2 453 US20150159173 AAVrh.48.2 454 US20150159173 AAVrh.48 455 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 32 (AAV1-7) AAVrh.49 456 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 25 (AAV1-8) AAVrh.49 457 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 103 (AAV1-8) AAVrh.50 458 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 23 (AAV2-4) AAVrh.50 459 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 108 (AAV2-4) AAVrh.51 460 US20150315612 SEQ ID No: 22 (AAV2-5) AAVrh.51 461 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 104 (AAV2-5) AAVrh.52 462 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 18 (AAV3-9) AAVrh.52 463 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 96 (AAV3-9) AAVrh.53 464 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 97 AAVrh.53 465 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 17 (AAV3-11) AAVrh.53 466 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 186 (AAV3-11) AAVrh.54 467 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 40 AAVrh.54 468 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 49, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 116 AAVrh.55 469 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 37 AAVrh.55 470 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 117 (AAV4-19) AAVrh.56 471 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 54 AAVrh.56 472 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 152 AAVrh.57 473 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 26 AAVrh.57 474 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 105 AAVrh.58 475 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 27 AAVrh.58 476 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 48, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 106 AAVrh.58 477 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 232 AAVrh.59 478 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 42 AAVrh.59 479 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 110 AAVrh.60 480 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 31 AAVrh.60 481 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 120 AAVrh.61 482 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 107 AAVrh.61 483 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 21 (AAV2-3) AAVrh.62 484 US20150315612 SEQ ID No: 33 (AAV2-15) AAVrh.62 485 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 114 (AAV2-15) AAVrh.64 486 US20150315612 SEQ ID No: 15 AAVrh.64 487 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 43, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 99 AAVrh.64 488 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 233 AAVRh.64R1 489 US20150159173 AAVRh.64R2 490 US20150159173 AAVrh.65 491 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 35 AAVrh.65 492 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 112 AAVrh.67 493 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 36 AAVrh.67 494 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 230 AAVrh.67 495 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 47, US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 113 AAVrh.68 496 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 16 AAVrh.68 497 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 100 AAVrh.69 498 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 39 AAVrh.69 499 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 119 AAVrh.70 500 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 20 AAVrh.70 501 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 98 AAVrh.71 502 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 162 AAVrh.72 503 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 9 AAVrh.73 504 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 5 AAVrh.74 505 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 6 AAVrh.8 506 US20150159173 SEQ ID NO: 41 AAVrh.8 507 US20150315612 SEQ ID NO: 235 AAVrh.8R 508 US20150159173, WO2015168666 SEQ ID NO: 9 AAVrh.8R 509 WO2015168666 SEQ ID NO: 10 A586R mutant AAVrh.8R 510 WO2015168666 SEQ ID NO: 11 R533A mutant BAAV 511 U.S. Pat. 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No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 159 H5 AAV CKd- 766 U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 151 H6 AAV CHt-1 767 U.S. Pat. No. 8,734,809 SEQ ID NO: 160 AAV CHt-P2 768 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 1 AAV CHt-P5 769 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 2 AAV CHt-P9 770 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 3 AAV CBr- 771 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 4 7.1 AAV CBr- 772 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 5 7.2 AAV CBr- 773 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 6 7.3 AAV CBr- 774 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 7 7.4 AAV CBr- 775 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 8 7.5 AAV CBr- 776 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 9 7.7 AAV CBr- 777 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 10 7.8 AAV CBr- 778 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 11 7.10 AAV CKd- 779 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 12 N3 AAV CKd- 780 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 13 N4 AAV CKd- 781 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 14 N9 AAV CLv-L4 782 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 15 AAV CLv-L5 783 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 16 AAV CLv-L6 784 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 17 AAV CLv- 785 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 18 K1 AAV CLv- 786 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 19 K3 AAV CLv- 787 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 20 K6 AAV CLv- 788 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 21 M1 AAV CLv- 789 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 22 M11 AAV CLv- 790 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 23 M2 AAV CLv- 791 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 24 M5 AAV CLv- 792 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 25 M6 AAV CLv- 793 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 26 M7 AAV CLv- 794 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 27 M8 AAV CLv- 795 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 28 M9 AAV CHt-P1 796 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 29 AAV CHt-P6 797 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 30 AAV CHt-P8 798 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 31 AAV CHt- 799 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 32 6.1 AAV CHt- 800 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 33 6.10 AAV CHt- 801 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 34 6.5 AAV CHt- 802 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 35 6.6 AAV CHt- 803 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 36 6.7 AAV CHt- 804 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 37 6.8 AAV CSp- 805 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 38 8.10 AAV CSp- 806 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 39 8.2 AAV CSp- 807 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 40 8.4 AAV CSp- 808 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 41 8.5 AAV CSp- 809 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 42 8.6 AAV CSp- 810 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 43 8.7 AAV CSp- 811 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 44 8.8 AAV CSp- 812 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 45 8.9 AAV CBr- 813 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 46 B7.3 AAV CBr- 814 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 47 B7.4 AAV3B 815 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 48 AAV4 816 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 49 AAV5 817 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 50 AAV CHt-P2 818 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 51 AAV CHt-P5 819 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 52 AAV CHt-P9 820 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 53 AAV CBr- 821 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 54 7.1 AAV CBr- 822 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 55 7.2 AAV CBr- 823 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 56 7.3 AAV CBr- 824 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 57 7.4 AAV CBr- 825 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 58 7.5 AAV CBr- 826 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 59 7.7 AAV CBr- 827 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 60 7.8 AAV CBr- 828 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 61 7.10 AAV CKd- 829 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 62 N3 AAV CKd- 830 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 63 N4 AAV CKd- 831 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 64 N9 AAV CLv-L4 832 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 65 AAV CLv-L5 833 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 66 AAV CLv-L6 834 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 67 AAV CLv- 835 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 68 K1 AAV CLv- 836 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 69 K3 AAV CLv- 837 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 70 K6 AAV CL- 838 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 71 M1 AAV CLv- 839 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 72 M11 AAV CLv- 840 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 73 M2 AAV CLv- 841 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 74 M5 AAV CLv- 842 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 75 M6 AAV CLv- 843 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 76 M7 AAV CLv- 844 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 77 M8 AAV CLv- 845 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 78 M9 AAV CHt-P1 846 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 79 AAV CHt-P6 847 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 80 AAV CHt-P8 848 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 81 AAV CHt- 849 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 82 6.1 AAV CHt- 850 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 83 6.10 AAV CHt- 851 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 84 6.5 AAV CHt- 852 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 85 6.6 AAV CHt- 853 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 86 6.7 AAV CHt- 854 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 87 6.8 AAV CSp- 855 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 88 8.10 AAV CSp- 856 WO2016i65001 SEQ ID NO: 89 8.2 AAV CSp- 857 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 90 8.4 AAVTSp- 858 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 91 8.5 AAV CSp- 859 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 92 8.6 AAV CSp- 860 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 93 8.7 AAV CSp- 861 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 94 8.8 AAV CSp- 862 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 95 8.9 AAV CBr- 863 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 96 B7.3 AAV CBr- 864 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 97 B7.4 AAV3B 865 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 98 AAV4 866 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 99 AAV5 867 WO2016065001 SEQ ID NO: 100 AAVPHP.B 868 WO2015038958 SEQ ID NO: 8 and 13, or G2B-26 GenBankALU85156.1 AAVPHP.B 869 WO2015038958 SEQ ID NO: 9 AAVG2B-13 870 WO2015038958 SEQ ID NO: 12 AAVTH1.1- 871 WO2015038958 SEQ ID NO: 14 32 AAVTH1.1- 872 WO2015038958 SEQ ID NO: 15 35 PHP.N/ 1439 WO2017100671 SEQ ID NO: 46 PHP.B-DGT PHP.S/ 1440 WO2017100671 SEQ ID NO: 47 G2A12 AAV9/hu.14 1441 WO2017100671 SEQ ID NO: 45 K449R GPV 1518 US9624274B2 SEQ ID NO: 192 B19 1519 US9624274B2 SEQ ID NO: 193 MVM 1520 US9624274B2 SEQ ID NO: 194 FPV 1521 US9624274B2 SEQ ID NO: 195 CPV 1522 US9624274B2 SEQ ID NO: 196 AAV6 1523 US9546112B2 SEQ ID NO: 5 AAV6 1524 US9457103B2 SEQ ID NO: 1 AAV2 1525 US9457103B2 SEQ ID NO: 2 ShH10 1526 US9457103B2 SEQ ID NO: 3 ShH13 1527 US9457103B2 SEQ ID NO: 4 ShH10 1528 US9457103B2 SEQ ID NO: 5 ShH10 1529 US9457103B2 SEQ ID NO: 6 ShH10 1530 US9457103B2 SEQ ID NO: 7 ShH10 1531 US9457103B2 SEQ ID NO: 8 ShH10 1532 US9457103B2 SEQ ID NO: 9 rh74 1533 US9434928B2 SEQ ID NO: 1, US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 2 rh74 1534 US9434928B2 SEQ ID NO: 2, US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 1 AAV8 1535 US9434928B2 SEQ ID NO: 4 rh74 1536 US9434928B2 SEQ ID NO: 5 rh74 1537 US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 5, (RHM4-1) US20160375110A1 SEQ ID NO: 4 rh74 1538 US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 6, (RHM15-1) US20160375110A1 SEQ ID NO: 5 rh74 1539 US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 7, (RHM15-2) US20160375110A1 SEQ ID NO: 6 rh74 1540 US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 8, (RHM15- US20160375110A1 SEQ ID NO: 7 3/RHM15-5) rh74 1541 US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 9, (RHM15-4) US20160375110A1 SEQ ID NO: 8 rh74 1542 US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 10, (RHM15-6) US20160375110A1 SEQ ID NO: 9 rh74 1543 US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 11 (RHM4-1) rh74 1544 US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 12 (RHM15-1) rh74 1545 US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 13 (RHM15-2) rh74 1546 US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 14 (RHM15- 3/RHM15-5) rh74 1547 US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 15 (RHM15-4) rh74 1548 US2015023924A1 SEQ ID NO: 16 (RHM15-6) AAV2 1549 US20160175389A1 SEQ ID NO: 9 (comprising lung specific polypeptide) AAV2 1550 US20160175389A1 SEQ ID NO: 10 (comprising lung specific polypeptide) Anc80 1551 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 1 Anc80 1552 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 2 Anc81 1553 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 3 Anc80 1554 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 4 Anc82 1555 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 5 Anc82 1556 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 6 Anc83 1557 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 7 Anc83 1558 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 8 Anc84 1559 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 9 Anc84 1560 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 10 Anc94 1561 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 11 Anc94 1562 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 12 Anc113 1563 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 13 Anc113 1564 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 14 Anc126 1565 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 15 Anc126 1566 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 16 Anc127 1567 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 17 Anc127 1568 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 18 Anc80L27 1569 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 19 Anc80L59 1570 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 20 Anc80L60 1571 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 21 Anc80L62 1572 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 22 Anc80L65 1573 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 23 Anc80L33 1574 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 24 Anc80L36 1575 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 25 Anc80L44 1576 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 26 Anc80L1 1577 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 35 Anc80L1 1578 US20170051257A1 SEQ ID NO: 36 AAV-X1 1579 US8283151B2 SEQ ID NO: 11 AAV-X1b 1580 US8283151B2 SEQ ID NO: 12 AAV-X5 1581 US8283151B2 SEQ ID NO: 13 AAV-X19 1582 US8283151B2 SEQ ID NO: 14 AAV-X21 1583 US8283151B2 SEQ ID NO: 15 AAV-X22 1584 US8283151B2 SEQ ID NO: 16 AAV-X23 1585 US8283151B2 SEQ ID NO: 17 AAV-X24 1586 US8283151B2 SEQ ID NO: 18 AAV-X25 1587 US8283151B2 SEQ ID NO: 19 AAV-X26 1588 US8283151B2 SEQ ID NO: 20 AAV-X1 1589 US8283151B2 SEQ ID NO: 21 AAV-X1b 1590 US8283151B2 SEQ ID NO: 22 AAV-X5 1591 US8283151B2 SEQ ID NO: 23 AAV-X19 1592 US8283151B2 SEQ ID NO: 24 AAV-X21 1593 US8283151B2 SEQ ID NO: 25 AAV-X22 1594 US8283151B2 SEQ ID NO: 26 AAV-X23 1595 US8283151B2 SEQ ID NO: 27 AAV-X24 1596 US8283151B2 SEQ ID NO: 28 AAV-X25 1597 US8283151B2 SEQ ID NO: 29 AAV-X26 1598 US8283151B2 SEQ ID NO: 30 AAVrh8 1599 WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 8 AAVrh8VP2 1600 WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 9 FCS AAVrh8VP2 1601 WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 10 FC44 AAVrh8VP2 1602 WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 11 ApoB100 AAVrh8VP2 1603 WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 12 RVG AAVrh8VP2 1604 WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 13 Angiopep-2 VP2 AAV9.47VP 1605 WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 14 1.3 AAV9.47VP 1606 WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 15 2ICAMg3 AAV9.47VP 1607 WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 16 2RVG AAV9.47VP 1608 WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 17 2Angiopep-2 AAV9.47VP 1609 WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 18 2A-string AAVrh8VP2 1610 WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 19 FC5 VP2 AAVrh8VP2 1611 WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 20 FC44 VP2 AAVrh8VP2 1612 WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 21 ApoB100 VP2 AAVrh8VP2 1613 WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 22 RVG VP2 AAVrh8VP2 1614 WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 23 Angiopep-2 VP2 AAV9.47VP 1615 WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 24 2ICAMg3 VP2 AAV9.47VP 1616 WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 25 2RVG VP2 AAV9.47VP 1617 WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 26 2Angiopep-2 VP2 AAV9.47VP 1618 WO2016054554A1 SEQ ID NO: 27 2A-string VP2 rAAV-B1 1619 WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 1 rAAV-B2 1620 WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 2 rAAV-B3 1621 WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 3 rAAV-B4 1622 WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 4 rAAV-B1 1623 WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 5 rAAV-B2 1624 WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 6 rAAV-B3 1625 WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 7 rAAV-B4 1626 WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 8 rAAV-L1 1627 WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 9 rAAV-L2 1628 WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 10 rAAV-L3 1629 WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 11 rAAV-L4 1630 WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 12 rAAV-L1 1631 WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 13 rAAV-L2 1632 WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 14 rAAV-L3 1633 WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 15 rAAV-L4 1634 WO2016054557A1 SEQ ID NO: 16 AAV9 1635 WO2016073739A1 SEQ ID NO: 3 rAAV 1636 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 1 rAAV 1637 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 2 rAAV 1638 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 3 rAAV 1639 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 4 rAAV 1640 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 5 rAAV 1641 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 6 rAAV 1642 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 7 rAAV 1643 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 8 rAAV 1644 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 9 rAAV 1645 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 10 rAAV 1646 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 11 rAAV 1647 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 12 rAAV 1648 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 13 rAAV 1649 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 14 rAAV 1650 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 15 rAAV 1651 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 16 rAAV 1652 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 17 rAAV 1653 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 18 rAAV 1654 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 19 rAAV 1655 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 20 rAAV 1656 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 21 rAAV 1657 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 22 rAAV 1658 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 23 rAAV 1659 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 24 rAAV 1660 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 25 rAAV 1661 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 26 rAAV 1662 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 27 rAAV 1663 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 28 rAAV 1664 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 29 rAAV 1665 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 30 rAAV 1666 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 31 rAAV 1667 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 32 rAAV 1668 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 33 rAAV 1669 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 34 rAAV 1670 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 35 rAAV 1671 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 36 rAAV 1672 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 37 rAAV 1673 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 38 rAAV 1674 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 39 rAAV 1675 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 40 rAAV 1676 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 41 rAAV 1677 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 42 rAAV 1678 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 43 rAAV 1679 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 44 rAAV 1680 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 45 rAAV 1681 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 46 rAAV 1682 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 47 rAAV 1683 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 48 rAAV 1684 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 49 rAAV 1685 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 50 rAAV 1686 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 51 rAAV 1687 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 52 rAAV 1688 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 53 rAAV 1689 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 54 rAAV 1690 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 55 rAAV 1691 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 56 rAAV 1692 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 57 rAAV 1693 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 58 rAAV 1694 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 59 rAAV 1695 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 60 rAAV 1696 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 61 rAAV 1697 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 62 rAAV 1698 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 63 rAAV 1699 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 64 rAAV 1700 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 65 rAAV 1701 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 66 rAAV 1702 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 67 rAAV 1703 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 68 rAAV 1704 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 69 rAAV 1705 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 70 rAAV 1706 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 71 rAAV 1707 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 72 rAAV 1708 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 73 rAAV 1709 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 74 rAAV 1710 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 75 rAAV 1711 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 76 rAAV 1712 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 77 rAAV 1713 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 78 rAAV 1714 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 79 rAAV 1715 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 80 rAAV 1716 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 81 rAAV 1717 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 82 rAAV 1718 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 83 rAAV 1719 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 84 rAAV 1720 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 85 rAAV 1721 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 86 rAAV 1722 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 87 rAAV 1723 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 88 rAAV 1724 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 89 rAAV 1725 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 90 rAAV 1726 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 91 rAAV 1727 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 92 rAAV 1728 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 93 rAAV 1729 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 94 rAAV 1730 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 95 rAAV 1731 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 96 rAAV 1732 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 97 rAAV 1733 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 98 rAAV 1734 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 99 rAAV 1735 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 100 rAAV 1736 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 101 rAAV 1737 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 102 rAAV 1738 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 103 rAAV 1739 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 104 rAAV 1740 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 105 rAAV 1741 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 106 rAAV 1742 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 107 rAAV 1743 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 108 rAAV 1744 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 109 rAAV 1745 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 110 rAAV 1746 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 111 rAAV 1747 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 112 rAAV 1748 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 113 rAAV 1749 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 114 rAAV 1750 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 115 rAAV 1751 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 116 rAAV 1752 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 117 rAAV 1753 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 118 rAAV 1754 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 119 rAAV 1755 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 120 rAAV 1756 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 121 rAAV 1757 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 122 rAAV 1758 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 123 rAAV 1759 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 124 rAAV 1760 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 125 rAAV 1761 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 126 rAAV 1762 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 127 rAAV 1763 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 128 AAV8 1764 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 133 E532K AAV8 1765 WO2016081811A1 SEQ ID NO: 134 E532K rAAV4 1766 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 2 rAAV4 1767 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 3 rAAV4 1768 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 4 rAAV4 1769 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 5 rAAV4 1770 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 6 rAAV4 1771 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 7 rAAV4 1772 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 8 rAAV4 1773 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 9 rAAV4 1774 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 10 rAAV4 1775 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 11 rAAV4 1776 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 12 rAAV4 1777 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 13 rAAV4 1778 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 14 rAAV4 1779 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 15 rAAV4 1780 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 16 rAAV4 1781 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 17 rAAV4 1782 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 18 rAAV4 1783 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 19 rAAV4 1784 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 20 rAAV4 1785 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 21 AAV11 1786 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 22 AAV12 1787 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 23 rh32 1788 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 25 rh33 1789 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 26 rh34 1790 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 27 rAAV4 1791 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 28 rAAV4 1792 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 29 rAAV4 1793 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 30 rAAV4 1794 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 31 rAAV4 1795 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 32 rAAV4 1796 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 33 AAV2/8 1797 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 47 AAV2/8 1798 WO2016115382A1 SEQ ID NO: 48 ancestral 1799 WO2016154344A1 SEQ ID NO: 7 AAV ancestral 1800 WO2016154344A1 SEQ ID NO: 13 AAV variant C4 ancestral 1801 WO2016154344A1 SEQ ID NO: 14 AAV variant C7 ancestral 1802 WO2016154344A1 SEQ ID NO: 15 AAV variant G4 consensus 1803 WO2016154344A1 SEQ ID NO: 16 amino acid sequence of ancestral AAV variants, C4, C7 and G4 consensus 1804 WO2016154344A1 SEQ ID NO: 17 amino acid sequence of ancestral AAV variants, C4 and C7 AAV8 (with 1805 WO2016150403A1 SEQ ID NO: 13 a AAV2 phospholipase domain) AAV VR- 1806 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 10 942n AAV5-A 1807 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 13 (M569V) AAV5-A 1808 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 14 (M569V) AAV5-A 1809 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 16 (Y585V) AAV5-A 1810 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 17 (Y585V) AAV5-A 1811 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 19 (L587T) AAV5-A 1812 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 20 (L587T) AAV5-A 1813 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 22 (Y585V/ L587T) AAV5-A 1814 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 23 (Y585V/ L587T) AAV5-B 1815 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 25 (D652.A) AAV5-B 1816 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 26 (D652A) AAV5-B 1817 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 28 (T362M) AAV5-B 1818 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 29 (T362M) AAV5-B 1819 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 31 (Q359D) AAV5-B 1820 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 32 (Q359D) AAV5-B 1821 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 34 (E350Q) AAV5-B 1822 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 35 (E350Q) AAV5-B 1823 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 37 (P533S) AAV5-B 1824 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 38 (P533S) AAV5-B 1825 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 40 (P533G) AAV5B 1826 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 41 (P533G) AAV5- 1827 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 43 mutation in loop VII AAV5- 1828 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 44 mutation in loop VII AAV8 1829 US20160289275A1 SEQ ID NO: 47 Mut A 1830 WO2016181123A1 SEQ ID NO: 1 (LK03/AAV8) Mut B 1831 WO2016181123A1 SEQ ID NO: 2 (LK03/AAV5) Mut C 1832 WO2016181123A1 SEQ ID NO: 3 (AAV8/ AAV3B) Mut D 1833 WO2016181123A1 SEQ ID NO: 4 (AAV5/ AAV3E) Mut E 1834 WO2016181123A1 SEQ ID NO: 5 (AAV8/ AAV3B) Mut F 1835 WO2016181123A1 SEQ ID NO: 6 (AAV3B/ AAV8) AAV44.9 1836 WO2016183297A1 SEQ ID NO: 4 AAV44.9 1837 WO2016183297A1 SEQ ID NO: 5 AAVrh8 1838 WO2016183297A1 SEQ ID NO: 6 AAV44.9 1839 WO2016183297A1 SEQ ID NO: 9 (S470N) rh74 VP1 1840 US20160375110A1 SEQ ID NO: 1 AAV-LK03 1841 WO2017015102A1 SEQ ID NO: 5 (L125I) AAV3B 1842 WO2017015102A1 SEQ ID NO: 6 (S663V + T492V) Anc80 1843 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 1 Anc80 1844 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 2 Anc81 1845 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 3 Anc81 1846 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 4 Anc82 1847 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 5 Anc82 1848 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 6 Anc83 1849 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 7 Anc83 1850 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 8 Anc84 1851 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 9 Anc84 1852 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 10 Anc94 1853 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 11 Anc94 1854 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 12 Anc113 1855 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 13 Anc113 1856 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 14 Anc126 1857 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 15 Anc126 1858 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 16 Anc127 1859 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 17 Anc127 1860 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 18 Anc80L27 1861 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 19 Anc80L59 1862 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 20 Anc80L60 1863 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 21 Anc80L62 1864 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 22 Anc80L65 1865 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 23 Anc80L33 1866 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 24 Anc80L36 1867 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 25 Am80L44 1868 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 26 Anc80L1 1869 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 35 Anc80LI 1870 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 36 AAVrh10 1871 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 41 Anc110 1872 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 42 Anc110 1873 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 43 AAVrh32.33 1874 WO2017019994A2 SEQ ID NO: 45 AAVrh74 1875 WO2017049031A1 SEQ ID NO: 1 AAV2 1876 WO2017053629A2 SEQ ID NO: 49 AAV2 1877 WO2017053629A2 SEQ ID NO: 50 AAV2 1878 WO2017053629A2 SEQ ID NO: 82 Parvo-like 1879 WO2017070476A2 SEQ ID NO: 1 virus Parvo-like 1880 WO2017070476A2 SEQ ID NO: 2 virus Parvo-like 1881 WO2017070476A2 SEQ ID NO: 3 virus Parvo-like 1882 WO2017070476A2 SEQ ID NO: 4 virus Parvo-like 1883 WO2017070476A2 SEQ ID NO: 5 virus Parvo-like 1884 WO2017070476A2 SEQ ID NO: 6 vints AAVrh.10 1885 WO2017070516A1 SEQ ID NO: 7 AAVrh.10 1886 WO2017070516A1 SEQ ID NO: 14 AAV2tYF 1887 WO2017070491A1 SEQ ID NO: 1 AAV-SPK 1888 WO2017075619A1 SEQ ID NO: 28 AAV2.5 1889 US20170128528A1 SEQ ID NO: 13 AAV1.1 1890 US20170128528A1 SEQ ID NO: 15 AAV6.1 1891 US20170128528A1 SEQ ID NO: 17 AAV6.3.1 1892 US20170128528A1 SEQ ID NO: 18 AAV2i8 1893 US20170128528A1 SEQ ID NO: 28 AAV2i8 1894 US20170128528A1 SEQ ID NO: 29 ttAAV 1895 US20170128528A1 SEQ ID NO: 30 ttAAV- 1896 U820170128528A1 SEQ ID NO: 32 S312N ttAAV- 1897 US20170128528A1 SEQ ID NO: 33 S312N AAV6 1898 WO2016134337A1 SEQ ID NO: 24 (Y705, Y731, and T492) AAV2 1899 WO2016134375A1 SEQ ID NO: 9 AAV2 1900 WO2016134375A1 SEQ ID NO: 10

Each of the patents, applications and/or publications listed in Table 1 are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV serotype may be, or may have a sequence as described in International Patent Publication WO2015038958, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 2 and 11 of WO2015038958 or SEQ ID NO: 127 and 126 respectively herein), PHP.B (SEQ ID NO: 8 and 9 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 868 and 869). G2B-13 (SEQ ID NO: 12 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 870), G2B-26 (SEQ ID NO: 13 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 868 and 869), TH1.1-32 (SEQ ID NO: 14 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 871), TH1.1-35 (SEQ ID NO: 15 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 872) or variants thereof. Further, any of the targeting peptides or amino acid inserts described in WO2015038958, may be inserted into any parent AAV serotype, such as, but not limited to, AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 126 for the DNA sequence and SEQ ID NO: 127 for the amino acid sequence). In one embodiment, the amino acid insert is inserted between amino acids 586-592 of the parent AAV (e.g., AAV9). In another embodiment, the amino acid insert is inserted between amino acids 588-589 of the parent AAV sequence. The amino acid insert may be, but is not limited to, any of the following amino acid sequences, TLAVPFK (SEQ ID NO: 1 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 873), KFPVALT (SEQ ID NO: 3 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 874), LAVPFK (SEQ ID NO: 31 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 875), AVPFK (SEQ ID NO: 32 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 876), VPFK (SEQ ID NO: 33 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 877), TLAVPF (SEQ ID NO: 34 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 878), TLAVP (SEQ ID NO: 35 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 879), TLAV (SEQ ID NO: 36 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 880), SVSKPFL (SEQ ID NO: 28 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 881), FTLTTPK (SEQ ID NO: 29 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 882), MNATKNV (SEQ ID NO: 30 of WO02015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 883), QSSQTPR (SEQ ID NO: 54 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 884), ILGTGTS (SEQ ID NO: 55 of WO2015038958, herein SEQ ID NO: 885), TRTNPEA (SEQ ID NO: 56 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 886), NGGTSSS (SEQ ID NO: 58 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 887), or YTLSQGW (SEQ ID NO: 60 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 888). Non-limiting examples of nucleotide sequences that may encode the amino acid inserts include the following, AAGTTTCCTGTGGCGTTGACT (for SEQ ID NO: 3 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 889), ACTTTGGCGGTGCCTTTTAAG (SEQ ID NO: 24 and 49 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 890), AGTGTGAGTAAGCCTTTTTG (SEQ ID NO: 25 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 891), TTTACGTTGACGACGCCTAAG (SEQ ID NO: 26 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 892), ATGAATGCTACGAAGAATGTG (SEQ ID NO: 27 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 893), CAGTCGTCGCAGACGCCTAGG (SEQ ID NO: 48 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 894), ATTCTGGGGACTGGTACTTCG (SEQ ID NO: 50 and 52 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 895), ACGCGGACTAATCCTGAGGCT (SEQ ID NO: 51 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 896), AATGGGGGGACTAGTAGTTCT (SEQ ID NO: 53 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 897), or TATACTTTGTCGCAGGGTGG (SEQ ID NO: 59 of WO2015038958; herein SEQ ID NO: 898).

In one embodiment, the AAV serotype may be engineered to comprise at least one AAV capsid CD8+ T-cell epitope for AAV2 such as, but not limited to, SADNNNSEY (SEQ ID NO: 899), LIDQYLYYL (SEQ ID NO: 900), VPQYGYLTL (SEQ ID NO: 901), TTSTRTWAL (SEQ ID NO: 902), YHLNGRDSL (SEQ ID NO: 903), SQAVGRSSF (SEQ ID NO: 904), VPANPSTTF (SEQ ID NO: 905), FPQSGVLIF (SEQ ID NO: 906), YFDFNRFHCHFSPRD (SEQ ID NO: 907), VGNSSGNWHCDSTWM (SEQ ID NO: 908), QFSQAGASDIRDQSR (SEQ ID NO: 909), GASDIRQSRNWLP (SEQ ID NO: 910) and GNRQAATADVNTQGV (SEQ ID NO: 911).

In one embodiment, the AAV serotype may be engineered to comprise at least one AAV capsid CD8+ T-cell epitope for AAV1 such as, but not limited to, LDRLMNPLI (SEQ ID NO: 912), TTSTRTWAL (SEQ ID NO: 902), and QPAKKRLNF (SEQ ID NO: 913)).

In one embodiment, peptides for inclusion in an AAV serotype may be identified using the methods described by Hui et al. (Molecular Therapy—Methods & Clinical Development (2015) 2, 15029 doi:10.1038/mtm.2015.29; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety). As a non-limiting example, the procedure includes isolating human splenocytes, restimulating the splenocytes in vitro using individual peptides spanning the amino acid sequence of the AAV capsid protein, IFN-gamma ELISpot with the individual peptides used for the in vitro restimulation, bioinformatics analysis to determine the HLA restriction of 15-mers identified by IFN-gamma ELISpot, identification of candidate reactive 9-mer epitopes for a given HLA allele, synthesis candidate 9-mers, second IFN-gamma ELISpot screening of splenocytes from subjects carrying the HLA alleles to which identified AAV epitopes are predicted to bind, determine the AAV capsid-reactive CD8+ T cell epitopes and determine the frequency of subjects reacting to a given AAV epitope.

In one embodiment, the AAV may be a serotype generated by Cre-recombination-based AAV targeted evolution (CREATE) as described by Deverman et al., (Nature Biotechnology 34(2):204-209 (2016)), the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In one embodiment, AAV serotypes generated in this manner have improved CNS transduction and/or neuronal and astrocytic tropism, as compared to other AAV serotypes. As non-limiting examples, the AAV serotype may be PHP.B, PHP.B2, PHP.B3, PHP.A, G2A12, G2A15. In one embodiment, these AAV serotypes may be AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 126 and 127) derivatives with a 7-amino acid insert between amino acids 588-589. Non-limiting examples of these 7-amino acid inserts include TLAVPFK (SEQ ID NO: 873), SVSKPFL (SEQ ID NO: 1249), FTLTTPK (SEQ ID NO: 882), YTLSQGW (SEQ ID NO: 888), QAVRTSL (SEQ ID NO: 1176) and/or LAKERLS (SEQ ID NO: 1177).

In one embodiment, the AAV serotype may be, or may have a sequence as described in International Patent Publication WO2017100671, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 45 of WO2017100671, herein SEQ ID NO: 1441), PHP.N (SEQ ID NO: 46 of WO2017100671, herein SEQ ID NO: 1439), PHP.S (SEQ ID NO: 47 of WO2017100671, herein SEQ ID NO: 1440), or variants thereof. Further, any of the targeting peptides or amino acid inserts described in WO2017100671 may be inserted into any parent AAV serotype, such as, but not limited to, AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 122 or SEQ ID NO: 1441). In one embodiment, the amino acid insert is inserted between amino acids 586-592 of the parent AAV (e.g., AAV9). In another embodiment, the amino acid insert is inserted between amino acids 588-589 of the parent AAV sequence. The amino acid insert may be, but is not limited to, any of the following amino acid sequences, AQTLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 1 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1442), AQSVSKPFLAQ (SEQ ID NO: 2 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1443), AQFTLTTPKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 3 in the sequence listing of WO02017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1444), DGTLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 4 in the sequence listing of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1445), ESTLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 5 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1446), GGTLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 6 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1447), AQTLATPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 7 and 33 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1448), ATTTLATPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 8 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1449), DGTLATPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 9 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1450), GGTLATPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 10 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1451), SGSLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 11 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1452), AQTLAQPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 12 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1453), AQTLQQPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 13 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1454), AQTLSNPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 14 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1455), AQTLAVPFSNP (SEQ ID NO: 15 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1456), QGTLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 16 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1457), NQTLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 17 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1458), EGSLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 18 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1459), SGNLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 19 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1460), EGTLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 20 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1461), DSTLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 21 in Table 1 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1462), AVTLAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 22 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1463), AQTLSTPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 23 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1464), AQTLPQPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 24 and 32 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1465), AQTLSQPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 25 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1466), AQTLQLPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 26 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1467), AQTLTMPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 27, and 34 of WO2017100671 and SEQ ID NO: 35 in the sequence listing of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1468), AQTLTTPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 28 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1469), AQYTLSQGWAQ (SEQ ID NO: 29 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1470), AQMNATKNVAQ (SEQ ID NO: 30 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1471), AQVSGGHHSAQ (SEQ ID NO: 31 of WO2017100671 herein SEQ ID NO: 1472), AQTLTAPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 35 in Table 1 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1473), AQTLSKPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 36 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1474), QAVRTSL (SEQ ID NO: 37 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1475), YTLSQGW (SEQ ID NO: 38 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 888), LAKERLS (SEQ ID NO: 39 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1476), TLAVPFK (SEQ ID NO: 40 in the sequence listing of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 873), SVSKPFL (SEQ ID NO: 41 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 881), FTLTTPK (SEQ ID NO: 42 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 882), MNSTKNV (SEQ ID NO: 43 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1477), VSGGHHS (SEQ ID NO: 44 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1478), SAQTLAVPFKAQAQ (SEQ ID NO: 48 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1479), SXXXLAVPFKAQAQ (SEQ ID NO: 49 of WO2017100671 wherein X may be any amino acid; herein SEQ ID NO: 1480), SAQXXXVPFKAQAQ (SEQ ID NO: 50 of WO2017100671 wherein X may be any amino acid; herein SEQ ID NO: 1481), SAQTLXXXFKAQAQ (SEQ ID NO: 51 of WO2017100671 wherein X may be any amino acid; herein SEQ ID NO: 1482), SAQTLAVXXXAQAQ (SEQ ID NO: 52 of WO2017100671 wherein X may be any amino acid; herein SEQ ID NO: 1483), SAQTLAVPFXXXAQ (SEQ ID NO: 53 of WO2017100671 wherein X may be any amino acid; herein SEQ ID NO: 1484), TNHQSAQ (SEQ ID NO: 65 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1485), AQAQTGW (SEQ ID NO: 66 of WO02017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1486), DGTLATPFK (SEQ ID NO: 67 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1487), DGTLATPFKXX (SEQ ID NO: 68 of WO2017100671 wherein X may be any amino acid; herein SEQ ID NO: 1488), LAVPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 80 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1489), VPFKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 81 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1490), FKAQ (SEQ ID NO: 82 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1491), AQTLAV (SEQ ID NO: 83 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1492), AQTLAVPF (SEQ ID NO: 84 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1493), QAVR (SEQ ID NO: 85 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1494), AVRT (SEQ ID NO: 86 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1495), VRTS (SEQ ID NO: 87 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1496), RTSL (SEQ ID NO: 88 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1497), QAVRT (SEQ ID NO: 89 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1498), AVRTS (SEQ ID NO: 90 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1499), VRTSL (SEQ ID NO: 91 of WO02017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1500), QAVRTS (SEQ ID NO: 92 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1501), or AVRTSL (SEQ ID NO: 93 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1502).

Non-limiting examples of nucleotide sequences that may encode the amino acid inserts include the following, GATGGGACTTTGGCGGTGCCTTTTAAGGCACAG (SEQ ID NO: 54 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1503), GATGGGACGTTGGCGGTGCCTTTTAAGGCACAG (SEQ ID NO: 55 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1504), CAGGCGGTTAGGACGTCTTTG (SEQ ID NO: 56 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1505), CAGGTCTTCACGGACTCAGACTATCAG (SEQ ID NO: 57 and 78 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1506), CAAGTAAAACCTCTACAAATGTGGTAAAATCG (SEQ ID NO: 58 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1507), ACTCATCGACCAATACTTGTACTATCTCTCTAGAAC (SEQ ID NO: 59 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1508), GGAAGTATTCCTTGGTTTTGAACCCA (SEQ ID NO: 60 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1509), GGTCGCGGTTCTTTGTTGTGGAT (SEQ ID NO: 61 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1510), CGACCTTGAAGCGCATGAACTCCT (SEQ ID NO: 62 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1511), GTATTCCTTGGTTTTGAACCCAACCGGTCTGCGCCTGTGCMNNMNNMNNMNNMNN MNNMNNTTGGGCACTCTGGTGGTTTGTC (SEQ ID NO: 63 of WO2017100671 wherein N may be A, C, T, or G; herein SEQ ID NO: 1512), GTATTCCTGGTTTGAACCCAACCGGTCTGCGCMNNMNNMNNAAAAGGCACCGCC AAAGTTTG (SEQ ID NO: 69 of WO2017100671 wherein N may be A, C, T, or G; herein SEQ ID NO: 1513), GTATTCCTTGGTTTGAACCCAACCGGTCTGCGCCTGTGCMNNMNNMNNCACCGCC AAAGTTTGGGCACT (SEQ ID NO: 70 of WO2017100671 wherein N may be A, C, T, or G; herein SEQ ID NO: 1514), GTATTCCTTGGTTTGAACCCAACCGGTCTGCGCCTGTGCCTTAAAMNNMNNMNNC AAAGTTTGGGCACTCTGGTGG (SEQ ID NO: 71 of WO2017100671 wherein N may be A, C, T, or G; herein SEQ ID NO: 1515), GTATTCCTTGGTTTTGAACCCAACCGGTCTGCGCCTGTGCCTTAAAAGGCACMNNM NNMNNTTGGGCACTCTGGTGGTTTGTG (SEQ ID NO: 72 of WO2017100671 wherein N may be A, C, T, or G; herein SEQ ID NO: 1516), ACTTTGGCGGTGCCTTTTAAG (SEQ ID NO: 74 of WO2017100671 herein SEQ ID NO: 890), AGTGTGAGTAAGCCTTTTTTG (SEQ ID NO: 75 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 891), TTTACGTTGACGACGCCTAAG (SEQ ID NO: 76 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 892), TATACTTTGTCGCAGGGTTGG (SEQ ID NO: 77 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 898), or CTTGCGAAGGAGCGGCTTTCG (SEQ ID NO: 79 of WO2017100671; herein SEQ ID NO: 1517).

In one embodiment, the AAV serotype may be, or may have a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV1 (SEQ ID NO: 181 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), AAV6 (SEQ ID NO: 182 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 183 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), AAV3b (SEQ ID NO: 184 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), AAV7 (SEQ ID NO: 185 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), AAV8 (SEQ ID NO: 186 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), AAV10 (SEQ ID NO: 187 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), AAV4 (SEQ ID NO: 188 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), AAV11 (SEQ ID NO: 189 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), bAAV (SEQ ID NO: 190 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), AAV5 (SEQ ID NO: 191 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274), GPV (SEQ ID NO: 192 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1518), B19 (SEQ ID NO: 193 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1519), MVM (SEQ ID NO: 194 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1520), FPV (SEQ ID NO: 195 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1521), CPV (SEQ ID NO: 196 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1522) or variants thereof. Further, any of the structural protein inserts described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274, may be inserted into, but not limited to, 1-453 and 1-587 of any parent AAV serotype, such as, but not limited to, AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 183 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274). The amino acid insert may be, but is not limited to, any of the following amino acid sequences, VNLTWSRASG (SEQ ID NO: 50 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1901), EFCINHRGYWVCGD (SEQ ID NO:55 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1902), EDGQVMDVDLS (SEQ ID NO: 85 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1903), EKQRNGTLT (SEQ ID NO: 86 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1904), TYQCRVTHPHLPRALMR (SEQ ID NO: 87 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1905), RHSTTQPRKTKGSG (SEQ ID NO: 88 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1906), DSNPRGVSAYLSR (SEQ ID NO: 89 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1907), TITCLWDLAPSK (SEQ ID NO: 90 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1908), KTKGSGFFVF (SEQ ID NO: 91 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1909), THPHLPRALMRS (SEQ ID NO: 92 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1910), GETYQCRVTHPHLPRALMRSTTK (SEQ ID NO: 93 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1911), LPRALMRS (SEQ ID NO: 94 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1912), INHRGYWV (SEQ ID NO: 95 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1913), CDAGSVRTNAPD (SEQ ID NO: 60 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1914), AKAVSNLTESRSESLQS (SEQ ID NO: 96 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1915), SLTGDEFKKVLET (SEQ ID NO: 97 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1916), REAVAYRFEED (SEQ ID NO: 98 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1917), INPEIITLDG (SEQ ID NO: 99 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1918), DISVTGAPVITATYL (SEQ ID NO: 100 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1919), DISVTGAPVITA (SEQ ID NO: 101 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1920), PKTVSNLTESSSESVQS (SEQ ID NO: 102 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1921), SLMGDEFKAVLET (SEQ ID NO: 103 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1922), QHSVAYTFEED (SEQ ID NO: 104 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1923), INPEIITRDG (SEQ ID NO: 105 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1924), DISLTGDPVITASYL (SEQ ID NO: 106 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1925), DISLTGDPVITA (SEQ ID NO: 107 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1926), DQSIDFEIDSA (SEQ ID NO: 108 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1927), KNVSEDLPLPTFSPTLLGDS (SEQ ID NO: 109 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1928), KNVSEDLPLPT (SEQ ID NO: 110 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1929), CDSGRVRTDAPD (SEQ ID NO: 111 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1930), FPEHLLVDFLQSLS (SEQ ID NO: 112 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1931), DAEFRHDSG (SEQ ID NO: 65 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1932), HYAAAQWDFGNTMCQL (SEQ ID NO: 113 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1933), YAAQWDFGNTMCQ (SEQ ID NO: 114 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1934), RSQKEGLHYT (SEQ ID NO: 115 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1935), SSRTPSDKPVAHWANPQAE (SEQ ID NO: 116 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1936), SRTPSDKPVAHWANP (SEQ ID NO: 117 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1937), SSRTPSDKP (SEQ ID NO: 118 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1938), NADGNVDYHMNSVP (SEQ ID NO: 119 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1939), DGNVDYHMNSV (SEQ ID NO: 120 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1940), RSFKEFLQSSLRALRQ (SEQ ID NO: 121 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1941); FKEFLQSSLRA (SEQ ID NO: 122 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1942), or QMWAPQWGPD (SEQ ID NO: 123 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,624,274; herein SEQ ID NO: 1943).

In one embodiment, the AAV serotype may be, or may have a sequence as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV capsid proteins comprising modification of one or more amino acids at amino acid positions 585 to 590 of the native AAV2 capsid protein. Further the modification may result in, but not limited to, the amino acid sequence RGNRQA (SEQ ID NO: 3 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1944), SSSTDP (SEQ ID NO: 4 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1945), SSNTAP (SEQ ID NO: 5 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1946), SNSNLP (SEQ ID NO: 6 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1947), SSTTAP (SEQ ID NO: 7 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1948), AANTAA (SEQ ID NO: 8 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1949), QQNTAP (SEQ ID NO: 9 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1950), SAQAQA (SEQ ID NO: 10 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1951), QANTGP (SEQ ID NO: 11 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1952), NATTAP (SEQ ID NO: 12 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1953), SSTAGP (SEQ ID NO: 13 and 20 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1954), QQNTAA (SEQ ID NO: 14 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1955), PSTAGP (SEQ ID NO: 15 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1956), NQNTAP (SEQ ID NO: 16 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1957), QAANAP (SEQ ID NO: 17 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1958), SIVGLP (SEQ ID NO: 18 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1959), AASTAA (SEQ ID NO: 19, and 27 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1960), SQNTTA (SEQ ID NO: 21 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1961), QQDTAP (SEQ ID NO: 22 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1962), QTNTGP (SEQ ID NO: 23 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1963), QTNGAP (SEQ ID NO: 24 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1964), QQNAAP (SEQ ID NO: 25 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1965), or AANTQA (SEQ ID NO: 26 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1966). In one embodiment, the amino acid modification is a substitution at amino acid positions 262 through 265 in the native AAV2 capsid protein or the corresponding position in the capsid protein of another AAV with a targeting sequence. The targeting sequence may be, but is not limited to, any of the amino acid sequences, NGRAHA (SEQ ID NO: 38 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1967), QPEHSST (SEQ ID NO: 39 and 50 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1968), VNTANST (SEQ ID NO: 40 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1969), HGPMQKS (SEQ ID NO: 41 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1970), PHKPPLA (SEQ ID NO: 42 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1971), IKNNEMW (SEQ ID NO: 43 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1972), RNLDTPM (SEQ ID NO: 44 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1973), VDSHRQS (SEQ ID NO: 45 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1974), YDSKTKT (SEQ ID NO: 46 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1975), SQLPHQK (SEQ ID NO: 47 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1976), STMQQNT (SEQ ID NO: 48 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1977), TERYMTQ (SEQ ID NO: 49 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1978), DASLSTS (SEQ ID NO: 51 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1979), DLPNKKT (SEQ ID NO: 52 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1980), DLTAARL (SEQ ID NO: 53 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1981), EPHQFNY (SEQ ID NO: 54 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1982), EPQSNHT (SEQ ID NO: 55 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1983), MSSWPSQ (SEQ ID NO: 56 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1984), NPKHNAT (SEQ ID NO: 57 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1985), PDGMRTT (SEQ ID NO: 58 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1986), PNNNKTT (SEQ ID NO: 59 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1987), QSTTHDS (SEQ ID NO: 60 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1988), TGSKQKQ (SEQ ID NO: 61 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1989), SLKHQAL (SEQ ID NO: 62 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1990), SPIDGEQ (SEQ ID NO: 63 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1991), WIFPWIQL (SEQ ID NO: 64 and 112 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1992), CDCRGDCFC (SEQ ID NO: 65 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1993), CNGRC (SEQ ID NO: 66 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1994), CPRECES (SEQ ID NO: 67 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1995), CTTHWGFTLC (SEQ ID NO: 68 and 123 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1996), CGRRAGGSC (SEQ ID NO: 69 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1997), CKGGRAKDC (SEQ ID NO: 70 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1998), CVPELGHEC (SEQ ID NO: 71 and 115 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 1999), CRRETAWAK (SEQ ID NO: 72 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2000), VSWFSHRYSPFAVS (SEQ ID NO: 73 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2001), GYRDGYAGPILYN (SEQ ID NO: 74 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2002), XXXYXXX (SEQ ID NO: 75 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2003), YXNW (SEQ ID NO: 76 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2004), RPLPPLP (SEQ ID NO: 77 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2005), APPLPPR (SEQ ID NO: 78 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2006), DVFYPYPYASGS (SEQ ID NO: 79 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2007), MYWYPY (SEQ ID NO: 80 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2008), DITWDQLWDLMK (SEQ ID NO: 81 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2009), CWDDXWLC (SEQ ID NO: 82 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2010), EWCEYLGGYLRCYA (SEQ ID NO: 83 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2011), YXCXXGPXTWXCXP (SEQ ID NO: 84 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2012), IEGPTLRQWLAARA (SEQ ID NO: 85 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2013), LWXXX (SEQ ID NO: 86 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2014), XFXXYLW (SEQ ID NO: 87 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2015), SSIISHFRWGLCD (SEQ ID NO: 88 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2016), MSRPACPPNDKYE (SEQ ID NO: 89 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2017), CLRSGRGC (SEQ ID NO: 90 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2018), CHWMFSPWC (SEQ ID NO: 91 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2019), WXXF (SEQ ID NO: 92 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2020), CSSRLDAC (SEQ ID NO: 93 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2021), CLPVASC (SEQ ID NO: 94 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2022), CGFECVRQCPERC (SEQ ID NO: 95 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2023), CVALCREACGEGC (SEQ ID NO: 96 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2024), SWCEPGWCR (SEQ ID NO: 97 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2025), YSGKWGW (SEQ ID NO: 98 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2026), GLSGGRS (SEQ ID NO: 99 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2027), LMLPRAD (SEQ ID NO: 100 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2028), CSCFRDVCC (SEQ ID NO: 101 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2029), CRDVVSVIC (SEQ ID NO: 102 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2030), MARSGL (SEQ ID NO: 103 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2031), MARAKE (SEQ ID NO: 104 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2032), MSRTMS (SEQ ID NO: 105 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2033), KCCYSL (SEQ ID NO: 106 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845, herein SEQ ID NO: 2034), MYWGDSHWLQYWYE (SEQ ID NO: 107 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2035), MQLPLAT (SEQ ID NO: 108 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2036), EWLS (SEQ ID NO: 109 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2037), SNEW (SEQ ID NO: 110 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2038), TNYL (SEQ ID NO: 111 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2039), WDLAWMFRLPVG (SEQ ID NO: 113 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2040), CTVALPGGYVRVC (SEQ ID NO: 114 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2041), CVAYCIEHHCWTC (SEQ ID NO: 116 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2042), CVFAHNYDYLVC (SEQ ID NO: 117 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2043), CVFTSNYAFC (SEQ ID NO: 118 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2044), VHSPNKK (SEQ ID NO: 119 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845 herein SEQ ID NO: 2045), CRGDGWC (SEQ ID NO: 120 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2046), XRGCDX (SEQ ID NO: 121 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2047), PXXX (SEQ ID NO: 122 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2048), SGKGPRQITAL (SEQ ID NO: 124 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2049), AAAAAAAAAXXXXX (SEQ ID NO: 125 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2050), VYMSPF (SEQ ID NO: 126 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2051), ATWLPPR (SEQ ID NO: 127 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2052), HTMYYHHHYQHHL (SEQ ID NO: 128 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2053), SEVGCRAGPLQWLCEKYFG (SEQ ID NO: 129 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2054), CGLLPVGRPDRNVWRWLC (SEQ ID NO: 130 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2055), CKGQCDRFKGLPWEC (SEQ ID NO: 131 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2056), SGRSA (SEQ ID NO: 132 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2057), WGFP (SEQ ID NO: 133 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845 herein SEQ ID NO: 2058), AEPMPHSLNFSQYLWYT (SEQ ID NO: 134 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2059), WAYXSP (SEQ ID NO: 135 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2060), IELLQAR (SEQ ID NO: 136 of US9475845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2061), AYTKCSRQWRTCMTTH (SEQ ID NO: 137 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2062), PQNSKIPGPTFLDPH (SEQ ID NO: 138 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2063), SMEPALPDWWWKMFK (SEQ ID NO: 139 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2064), ANTPCGPYTHDCPVKR (SEQ ID NO: 140 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2065), TACHQHVRMVRP (SEQ ID NO: 141 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2066), VPWMEPAYQRFL (SEQ ID NO: 142 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2067), DPRATPGS (SEQ ID NO: 143 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2068), FRPNRAQDYNTN (SEQ ID NO: 144 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2069), CTKNSYLMC (SEQ ID NO: 145 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2070), CXXTXXXGXGC (SEQ ID NO: 146 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2071), CPIEDRPMC (SEQ ID NO: 147 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2072), HEWSYLAPYPWF (SEQ ID NO: 148 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2073), MCPKHPLGC (SEQ ID NO: 149 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2074), RMWPSSTVNLSAGRR (SEQ ID NO: 150 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2075), SAKTAVSQRVWLPSHRGGEP (SEQ ID NO: 151 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2076), KSREHVNNSACPSKRITAAL (SEQ ID NO: 152 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2077), EGFR (SEQ ID NO: 153 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2078), AGLGVR (SEQ ID NO: 154 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2079), GTRQGHTMRLGVSDG (SEQ ID NO: 155 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2080), IAGLATPGWSHWLAL (SEQ ID NO: 156 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2081), SMSIARL (SEQ ID NO: 157 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2082), HTFEPGV (SEQ ID NO: 158 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2083), NTSLKRISNKRIRRK (SEQ ID NO: 159 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2084), LRIKRKRRKRKKTRK (SEQ ID NO: 160 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,475,845; herein SEQ ID NO: 2085), GGG, GFS, LWS, EGG, LLV, LSP, LBS, AGG, GRR, GGH and GTV.

In one embodiment, the AAV serotype may be, or may have a sequence as described in United States Publication No. US 20160369298, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, site-specific mutated capsid protein of AAV2 (SEQ ID NO: 97 of US 20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2086) or variants thereof, wherein the specific site is at least one site selected from sites R447, G453, S578, N587, N587+1, S662 of VP1 or fragment thereof.

Further, any of the mutated sequences described in US 20160369298, may be or may have, but not limited to, any of the following sequences SDSGASN (SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 231 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2087), SPSGASN (SEQ ID NO: 2 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2088), SHSGASN (SEQ ID NO: 3 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2089), SRSGASN (SEQ ID NO: 4 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2090), SKSGASN (SEQ ID NO: 5 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2091), SNSGASN (SEQ ID NO: 6 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2092), SGSGASN (SEQ ID NO: 7 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2093), SASGASN (SEQ ID NO: 8, 175, and 221 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2094), SESGTSN (SEQ ID NO: 9 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2095), STTGGSN (SEQ ID NO: 10 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2096), SSAGSTN (SEQ ID NO: 11 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2097), NNDSQA (SEQ ID NO: 12 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2098), NNRNQA (SEQ ID NO: 13 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2099), NNNKQA (SEQ ID NO: 14 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2100), NAKRQA (SEQ ID NO: 15 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2101), NDEHQA (SEQ ID NO: 16 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2102), NTSQKA (SEQ ID NO: 17 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2103), YYLSRTNTPSGTDTQSRLVFSQAGA (SEQ ID NO: 18 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2104), YYLSRTNTDSGTETQSGLDFSQAGA (SEQ ID NO: 19 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2105), YYLSRTNTESGTPTQSALEFSQAGA (SEQ ID NO: 20 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2106), YYLSRTNTHSGTHTQSPLHFSQAGA (SEQ ID NO: 21 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2107), YYLSRTNTSSGTITISHLIFSQAGA (SEQ ID NO: 22 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2108), YYLSRTNTRSGIMTKSSLMFSQAGA (SEQ ID NO: 23 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2109), YYLSRTNTKSGRKTLSNLSFSQAGA (SEQ ID NO: 24 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2110), YYLSRTNDGSGPVTPSKLRFSQRGA (SEQ ID NO: 25 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2111), YYLSRTNAASGHATHSDLKFSQPGA (SEQ ID NO: 26 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2112), YYLSRTNGQAGSLTMSELGFSQVGA (SEQ ID NO: 27 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2113), YYLSRTNSTGGNQTTSQLLFSQLSA (SEQ ID NO: 28 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2114), YFLSRTNNNTGLNTNSTLNFSQGRA (SEQ ID NO: 29 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2115), SKTGADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 30 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2116), SKTDADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 31 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2117), SKTEADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 32 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2118), SKTPADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 33 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2119), SKTHADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 34 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2120), SKTQADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 35 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2121), SKTIADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 36 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2122), SKTMADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 37 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2123), SKTRADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 38 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2124), SKTNADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 39 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2125), SKTVGRNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 40 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2126), SKTADRNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 41 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2127), SKKLSQNNNSKYSWQG (SEQ ID NO: 42 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2128), SKPTTGNNNSDYSWPG (SEQ ID NO: 43 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2129), STQKNENNNSNYSWPG (SEQ ID NO: 44 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2130), HKDDEGKF (SEQ ID NO: 45 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2131), HKDDNRKF (SEQ ID NO: 46 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2132), HKDDTNKF (SEQ ID NO: 47 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2133), HEDSDKNF (SEQ ID NO: 48 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2134), HRDGADSF (SEQ ID NO: 49 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2135), HGDNKSRF (SEQ ID NO: 50 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2136), KQGSEKTNVDFEEV (SEQ ID NO: 51 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2137), KQGSEKTNVDSEEV (SEQ ID NO: 52 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2138), KQGSEKTNVDVEEV (SEQ ID NO: 53 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2139), KQGSDKTNVDDAGV (SEQ ID NO: 54 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2140), KQGSSKTNVDPREV (SEQ ID NO: 55 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2141), KQGSRKTNVDHKQV (SEQ ID NO: 56 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2142), KQGSKGGNVDTNRV (SEQ ID NO: 57 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2143), KQGSGEANVDNGDV (SEQ ID NO: 58 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2144), KQDAAADNIDYDHV (SEQ ID NO: 59 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2145), KQSGTRSNAAASSV (SEQ ID NO: 60 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2146), KENTNTNDTELTNV (SEQ ID NO: 61 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2147), QRGNNVAATADVNT (SEQ ID NO: 62 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2148), QRGNNEAATADVNT (SEQ ID NO: 63 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2149), QRGNNPAATADVNT (SEQ ID NO: 64 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2150), QRGNNHAATADVNT (SEQ ID NO: 65 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2151), QEENNIAATPGVNT (SEQ ID NO: 66 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2152), QPPNNMAATHEVNT (SEQ ID NO: 67 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2153), QHHNNSAATTIVNT (SEQ ID NO: 68 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2154), QTTNNRAAFNMVET (SEQ ID NO: 69 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2155), QKKNNNAASKKVAT (SEQ ID NO: 70 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2156), QGGNNKAADDAVKT (SEQ ID NO: 71 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2157), QAAKGGAADDAVKT (SEQ ID NO: 72 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2158), QDDRAAAANESVDT (SEQ ID NO: 73 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2159), QQQHDDAAYQRVHT (SEQ ID NO: 74 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2160), QSSSSLAAVSTVQT (SEQ ID NO: 75 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2161), QNNQTTAAIRNVTT (SEQ ID NO: 76 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2162), NYNKKSDNVDFT (SEQ ID NO: 77 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2163), NYNKKSENVDFT (SEQ ID NO: 78 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2164), NYNKKSLNVDFT (SEQ ID NO: 79 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2165), NYNKKSPNVDFT (SEQ ID NO: 80 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2166), NYSKKSHCVDFT (SEQ ID NO: 81 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2167), NYRKTIYVDFT (SEQ ID NO: 82 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2168), NYKEKKDVHFT (SEQ ID NO: 83 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2169), NYGHRAIVQFT (SEQ ID NO: 84 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2170), NYANHQFVVCT (SEQ ID NO: 85 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2171), NYDDDPTGVLLT (SEQ ID NO: 86 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2172), NYDDPTGVLLT (SEQ ID NO: 87 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2173), NFEQQNSVEWT (SEQ ID NO: 88 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2174), SQSGASN (SEQ ID NO: 89 and SEQ ID NO: 241 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2175), NNGSQA (SEQ ID NO: 90 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2176), YYLSRTNTPSGTTTWSRLQFSQAGA (SEQ ID NO: 91 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2177), SKTSADNNNSEYSWTG (SEQ ID NO: 92 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2178), HKDDEEKF (SEQ ID NO: 93, 209, 214, 219, 224, 234, 239, and 244 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2179), KQGSEKTNVDIEEV (SEQ ID NO: 94 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2180), QRGNNQAATADVNT (SEQ ID NO: 95 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2181), NYNKKSVNVDFT (SEQ ID NO: 96 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2182), SQSGASNYNTPSGTTTQSRLQFSTSADNNNSEYSWTGATKYH (SEQ ID NO: 106 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2183), SASGASNFNSEGGSLTQSSLGFSTDGENNNSDFSWTGATKYH (SEQ ID NO: 107 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2184), SQSGASNYNTPSGTTTQSRLQFSTDGENNNSDFSWTGATKYH (SEQ ID NO: 108 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2185), SASGASNYNTPSGTTTQSRLQFSTSADNNNSEFSWPGATTYH (SEQ ID NO: 109 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2186), SQSGASNFNSEGGSLTQSSLGFSTDGENNNSDFSWTGATKYH (SEQ ID NO: 110 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2187), SASGASNYNTPSGSLTQSSLGFSTDGENNNSDFSWTGATKYH (SEQ ID NO: 111 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2188), SQSGASNYNTPSGTTTQSRLQFSTSADNNNSDFSWTGATKYH (SEQ ID NO: 112 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2189), SGAGASNFNSEGGSLTQSSLGFSTDGENNNSDFSWTGATKYH (SEQ ID NO: 113 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2190), SGAGASN (SEQ ID NO: 176 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2191), NSEGGSLTQSSLGFS (SEQ ID NO: 177, 185, 193 and 202 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2192), TDGENNNSDFS (SEQ ID NO: 178 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2193), SEFSWPGATT (SEQ ID NO: 179 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2194), TSADNNNSDFSWT (SEQ ID NO: 180 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2195), SQSGASNY (SEQ ID NO: 181, 187, and 198 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2196), NTPSGTTTQSRLQFS (SEQ ID NO: 182, 188, 191, and 199 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2197), TSADNNNSEYSWTGATKYH (SEQ ID NO: 183 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2198), SASGASNF (SEQ ID NO: 184 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2199), TDGENNNSDFSWTGATKYH (SEQ ID NO: 186, 189, 194, 197, and 203 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2200), SASGASNY (SEQ ID NO: 190 and SEQ ID NO: 195 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2201), TSADNNNSEFSWPGATTYH (SEQ ID NO: 192 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2202), NTPSGSLTQSSLGFS (SEQ ID NO: 196 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2203), TSADNNNSDFSWTGATKYH (SEQ ID NO: 200 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2204), SGAGASNF (SEQ ID NO: 201 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2205), CTCCAGVVSVVSMRSRVCVNSGCAGCTDHCVVSRNSGTCVMSACACAA (SEQ ID NO: 204 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2206), CTCCAGAGAGGCAACAGACAAGCAGCTACCGCAGATGTCAACACACAA (SEQ ID NO: 205 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2207), SAAGASN (SEQ ID NO: 206 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2208), YFLSRTNTESGSTTQSTLRFSQAG (SEQ ID NO: 207 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2209), SKTSADNNNSDFS (SEQ ID NO: 208, 228, and 253 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2210), KQGSEKTDVDIDKV (SEQ ID NO: 210 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2211), STAGASN (SEQ ID NO: 211 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2212), YFLSRTNTTTSGIETQSTLRFSQAG (SEQ ID NO: 212 and SEQ ID NO: 247 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 213), SKTDGENNNSDFS (SEQ ID NO: 213 and SEQ ID NO: 248 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2214), KQGAAADDVEIDGV (SEQ ID NO: 215 and SEQ ID NO: 250 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2215), SEAGASN (SEQ ID NO: 216 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2216), YYLSRTNTPSGTTTQSRLQFSQAG (SEQ ID NO: 217, 232 and 242 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2217), SKTSADNNNSEYS (SEQ ID NO: 218, 233, 238, and 243 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2218), KQGSEKTNVDIEKV (SEQ ID NO: 220, 225 and 245 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2219), YFLSRTNDASGSDTKSTLLFSQAG (SEQ ID NO: 222 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2220), STTPSENNNSEYS (SEQ ID NO: 223 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2221), SAAGATN (SEQ ID NO: 226 and SEQ ID NO: 251 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2222), YFLSRTNGEAGSATLSELRFSQAG (SEQ ID NO: 227 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2223), HGDDADRF (SEQ ID NO: 229 and SEQ ID NO: 254 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2224), KQGAEKSDVEVDRV (SEQ ID NO: 230 and SEQ ID NO: 255 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2225), KQDSGGDNIDIDQV (SEQ ID NO: 235 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2226), SDAGASN (SEQ ID NO: 236 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2227), YFLSRTNTEGGHDTQSTLRFSQAG (SEQ ID NO: 237 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2228), KEDGGGSDVAIDEV (SEQ ID NO: 240 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2229), SNAGASN (SEQ ID NO: 246 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2230), and YFLSRTNGEAGSATLSELRFSQPG (SEQ ID NO: 252 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2231). Non-limiting examples of nucleotide sequences that may encode the amino acid mutated sites include the following, AGCVVMDCAGGARSCASCAAC (SEQ ID NO: 97 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2232), AACRACRRSMRSMAGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 98 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2233), CACRRGGACRRCRMSRRSARSITF (SEQ ID NO: 99 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2234), TATTTCTGAGCAGAACAAACRVCVVSRSCGGAMNCVHSACGMHSTCAVVSCTFVDS TTTTCTCAGSBCRGSGCG (SEQ ID NO: 100 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2235), TCAAMAMMAVNSRVCSRSAACAACAACAGTRASTTCTCGTGGMMAGGA (SEQ ID NO: 101 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2236), AAGSAARRCRSCRVSRVARVCRATRYCGMSNHCRVMVRSGTC (SEQ ID NO: 102 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2237), CAGVVSVVSMRSRVCVNSGCAGCTDHCVVSRNSGTCVMSACA (SEQ ID NO: 103 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2238), AACTWCRVSVASMVSVHSDDTGTGSWSTKSACT (SEQ ID NO: 104 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2239), TTGTTGAACATCACCACGTGACGCACGTTC (SEQ ID NO: 256 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2240), TCCCCGTGGTTCTACTACATAATGTGGCCG (SEQ ID NO: 257 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2241), TTCCACACTCCGTTTTGGATAATGTTGAAC (SEQ ID NO: 258 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2242), AGGGACATCCCCAGCTCCATGCTGTGGTCG (SEQ ID NO: 259 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2243), AGGGACAACCCCTCCGACTCGCCCTAATCC (SEQ ID NO: 260 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2244), TCCTAGTAGAAGACACCCTCTCACTGCCCG (SEQ ID NO: 261 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2245), AGTACCATGTACACCCACTCTCCCAGTGCC (SEQ ID NO: 262 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2246), ATATGGACGTTCATGCTGATCACCATACCG (SEQ ID NO: 263 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2247), AGCAGGAGCTCCTTGGCCTCAGCGTGCGAG (SEQ ID NO: 264 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2248), ACAAGCAGCTCACTATGACAACCACTGAC (SEQ ID NO: 265 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2249), CAGCCTAGGAACTGGCTTCCTGGACCCTGTTACCGCCAGCAGAGAGTCTCAAMAMM AVNSRVCSRSAACAACAACAGTRASTTCTCCTGGMMAGGAGCTACCAAGTACCACC TCAATGGCAGAGACTCTCTGGTGAATCCCGGACCAGCTATGGCAAGCCACRRGGAC RRCRMSRRSARSTTTTTTCCTCAGAGCGGGGTTCTCATCTTGGGAAGSAARRCRSCR VSRVARVCRATRYCGMSNHCRVMVRSGTCATGATTACAGACGAAGAGGAGATCTGG AC (SEQ ID NO: 266 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2250), TGGACAATGGCGGTCGTCTCTCAGAGTTKTKKT (SEQ ID NO: 267 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2251), AGAGGACCKKTCCTCGATGGTTCATGGTGGAGTTA (SEQ ID NO: 268 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2252), CCACTTAGGGCCTGGTCGATACCGTTCGGTG (SEQ ID NO: 269 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2253), and TCTCGCCCCAAGAGTAGAAACCCTFCSTTYYG (SEQ ID NO: 270 of US20160369298; herein SEQ ID NO: 2254).

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may comprise an ocular cell targeting peptide as described in International Patent Publication WO2016134375, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to SEQ ID NO: 9, and SEQ ID NO: 10 of WO2016134375. Further, any of the ocular cell targeting peptides or amino acids described in WO2016134375, may be inserted into any parent AAV serotype, such as, but not limited to, AAV2 (SEQ ID NO:8 of WO2016134375; herein SEQ ID NO: 2255), or AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 11 of WO2016134375; herein SEQ ID NO: 2256). In some embodiments, modifications, such as insertions are made in AAV2 proteins at P34-A35, T138-A139, A139-P140, G453-T454, N587-R588, and/or R588-Q589. In certain embodiments, insertions are made at D384, G385, 1560, T561, N562, E563, E564, E565, N704, and/or Y705 of AAV9. The ocular cell targeting peptide may be, but is not limited to, any of the following amino acid sequences, GSTPPPM (SEQ ID NO: 1 of WO2016134375; herein SEQ ID NO: 2257), or GETRAPL (SEQ ID NO: 4 of WO2016134375; herein SEQ ID NO: 2258).

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be modified as described in the United States Publication US 20170145405 the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, AAV serotypes may include, modified AAV2 (e.g., modifications at Y444F, Y500F, Y730F and/or S662V), modified AAV3 (e.g., modifications at Y705F, Y731F and/or T492V), and modified AAV6 (e.g., modifications at S663V and/or T492V).

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may be modified as described in the International Publication WO2017083722 the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, AAV serotypes may include, AAV1 (Y705+731F+T492V), AAV2 (Y444+500+730F+T491V), AAV3 (Y705+731F), AAV5, AAV 5(Y436+693+719F), AAV6 (VP3 variant Y705F/Y731F/T492V), AAV8 (Y733F), AAV9, AAV9 (VP3 variant Y731F), and AAV10 (Y733F).

In some embodiments, the AAV serotype may comprise, as described in International Patent Publication WO2017015102, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, an engineered epitope comprising the amino acids SPAKFA (SEQ ID NO: 24 of WO2017015102, herein SEQ ID NO: 2259) or NKDKLN (SEQ ID NO:2 of WO2017015102; herein SEQ ID NO: 2260). The epitope may be inserted in the region of amino acids 665 to 670 based on the numbering of the VP1 capsid of AAV8 (SEQ ID NO:3 of WO2017015102) and/or residues 664 to 668 of AAV3B (SEQ ID NO:3).

In one embodiment, the AAV serotype may be, or may have a sequence as described in International Patent Publication WO2017058892, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, such as, but not limited to, AAV variants with capsid proteins that may comprise a substitution at one or more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7) of amino acid residues 262-268, 370-379, 451-459, 472-473, 493-500, 528-534, 547-552, 588-597, 709-710, 716-722 of AAV1, in any combination, or the equivalent amino acid residues in AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, AAVrh8 AAVrh10, AAVrh32.33, bovine AAV or avian AAV. The amino acid substitution may be, but is not limited to, any of the amino acid sequences described in WO2017058892. In one embodiment, the AAV may comprise an amino acid substitution at residues 256L, 258K, 259Q, 261S, 263A, 264S, 265T, 266G, 272H, 385S, 386Q, S472R, V473D, N500E547S, 709A, 710N, 716D, 717N, 718N, 720L, A456T, Q457T, N458Q, K459S, T492S, K493A, S586R, S587G, S588N, T589R and/or 722T of AAV1 (SEQ ID NO: 1 of WO2017058892) in any combination, 244N, 246Q, 248R, 249E, 2501, 251K, 252S, 253G, 254S, 255V, 256D, 263Y, 377E, 378N, 453L, 456R, 532Q, 533P, 535N, 536P, 537G, 538T, 539T, 540A, 541T, 542Y, 543L, 546N, 653V, 654P, 656S, 697Q, 698F, 704D, 705S, 706T, 707G, 708E, 709Y and/or 710R of AAV5 (SEQ ID NO:5 of WO2017058892) in any combination, 248R, 316V, 317Q, 318D, 319S, 443N, 530N, 531S, 532Q 533P, 534A, 535N, 540A, 541 T, 542Y, 543L, 545G, 546N, 697Q, 704D, 706T, 708E, 709Y and/or 710R of AAV5 (SEQ ID NO: 5 of WO2017058892) in any combination, 264S, 266G, 269N, 272H, 457Q, 588S and/or 589I of AAV6 (SEQ ID NO:6 WO2017058892) in any combination, 457T, 459N, 496G, 499N, 500N, 589Q, 590N and/or 592A of AAV8 (SEQ ID NO: 8 WO2017058892) in any combination, 451I, 452N, 453G, 454S, 455G, 456Q, 457N and/or 458Q of AAV9 (SEQ ID NO: 9 WO2017058892) in any combination.

In some embodiments, the AAV may include a sequence of amino acids at positions 155, 156 and 157 of VP1 or at positions 17, 18, 19 and 20 of VP2, as described in International Publication No. WO 2017066764, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. The sequences of amino acid may be, but not limited to, N—S—S, S—X—S, S—S—Y, N—X—S, N—S—Y, S—X—Y and N—X—Y, where N, X and Y are, but not limited to, independently non-serine, or non-threonine amino acids, wherein the AAV may be, but not limited to AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10, AAV11 and AAV12. In some embodiments, the AAV may include a deletion of at least one amino acid at positions 156, 157 or 158 of VP1 or at positions 19, 20 or 21 of VP2, wherein the AAV may be, but not limited to AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10, AAV11 and AAV12.

In one embodiment, the AAV serotype may be as described in Jackson et al (Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience 9:154 (2016)), the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, the AAV serotype is PHP.B or AAV9. In some embodiments, the AAV serotype is paired with a synapsin promoter to enhance neuronal transduction, as compared to when more ubiquitous promoters are used (i.e., CBA or CMV).

In one embodiment, peptides for inclusion in an AAV serotype may be identified by isolating human splenocytes, restimulating the splenocytes in vitro using individual peptides spanning the amino acid sequence of the AAV capsid protein, IFN-gamma ELISpot with the individual peptides used for the in vitro restimulation, bioinformatics analysis to determine the given allele restriction of 15-mers identified by IFN-gamma ELISpot, identification of candidate reactive 9-mer epitopes for a given allele, synthesis candidate 9-mers, second IFN-gamma ELISpot screening of splenocytes from subjects carrying the specific alleles to which identified AAV epitopes are predicted to bind, determine the AAV capsid-reactive CD8+ T cell epitopes and determine the frequency of subjects reacting to a given AAV epitope.

AAV particles comprising a modulatory polynucleotide encoding the siRNA molecules may be prepared or derived from various serotypes of AAVs, including, but not limited to, AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV9.47, AAV9(hu14), AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, AAVrh8, AAVrh10, AAV-DJ8 and AAV-DJ. In some cases, different serotypes of AAVs may be mixed together or with other types of viruses to produce chimeric AAV particles. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particle is derived from the AAV9 serotype.

Viral Genome

In one embodiment, as shown in an AAV particle comprises a viral genome with a payload region.

In one embodiment, the viral genome may comprise the components as shown in FIG. 1 . The payload region 110 is located within the viral genome 100. At the 5′ and/or the 3′ end of the viral genome 100 there may be at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) 120. Between the 5′ ITR 120 and the payload region 110, there may be a promoter region 130. In one embodiment, the payload region may comprise at least one modulatory polynucleotide.

In one embodiment, the viral genome 100 may comprise the components as shown in FIG. 2 . The payload region 110 is located within the viral genome 100. At the 5′ and/or the 3′ end of the viral genome 100 there may be at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) 120. Between the 5′ ITR 120 and the payload region 110, there may be a promoter region 130. Between the promoter region 130 and the payload region 110, there may be an intron region 140. In one embodiment, the payload region may comprise at least one modulatory polynucleotide.

In one embodiment, the viral genome 100 may comprise the components as shown in FIG. 3 . At the 5′ and/or the 3′ end of the viral genome 100 there may be at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) 120. Within the viral genome 100, there may be an enhancer region 150, a promoter region 130, an intron region 140, and a payload region 110. In one embodiment, the payload region may comprise at least one modulatory polynucleotide.

In one embodiment, the viral genome 100 may comprise the components as shown in FIG. 4 . At the 5′ and/or the 3′ end of the viral genome 100 there may be at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) 120. Within the viral genome 100, there may be an enhancer region 150, a promoter region 130, an intron region 140, a payload region 110, and a polyadenylation signal sequence region 160. In one embodiment, the payload region may comprise at least one modulatory polynucleotide.

In one embodiment, the viral genome 100 may comprise the components as shown in FIG. 5 . At the 5′ and/or the 3′ end of the viral genome 100 there may be at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) 120. Within the viral genome 100, there may be at least one MCS region 170, an enhancer region 150, a promoter region 130, an intron region 140, a payload region 110, and a polyadenylation signal sequence region 160. In one embodiment, the payload region may comprise at least one modulatory polynucleotide.

In one embodiment, the viral genome 100 may comprise the components as shown in FIG. 6 . At the 5′ and/or the 3′ end of the viral genome 100 there may be at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) 120. Within the viral genome 100, there may be at least one MCS region 170, an enhancer region 150, a promoter region 130, at least one exon region 180, at least one intron region 140, a payload region 110, and a polyadenylation signal sequence region 160. In one embodiment, the payload region may comprise at least one modulatory polynucleotide.

In one embodiment, the viral genome 100 may comprise the components as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 . Within the viral genome 100, there may be at least one promoter region 130, and a payload region 110. In one embodiment, the payload region may comprise at least one modulatory polynucleotide.

In one embodiment, the viral genome 100 may comprise the components as shown in FIG. 9 . Within the viral genome 100, there may be at least one promoter region 130, a payload region 110, and a polyadenylation signal sequence region 160. In one embodiment, the payload region may comprise at least one modulatory polynucleotide.

Viral Genome Size

In one embodiment, the viral genome which comprises a payload described herein, may be single stranded or double stranded viral genome. The size of the viral genome may be small, medium, large or the maximum size. Additionally, the viral genome may comprise a promoter and a polyA tail.

In one embodiment, the viral genome which comprises a payload described herein, may be a small single stranded viral genome. A small single stranded viral genome may be 2.7 to 3.5 kb in size such as about 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, and 3.5 kb in size. As a non-limiting example, the small single stranded viral genome may be 3.2 kb in size. Additionally, the viral genome may comprise a promoter and a polyA tail.

In one embodiment, the viral genome which comprises a payload described herein, may be a small double stranded viral genome. A small double stranded viral genome may be 1.3 to 1.7 kb in size such as about 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, and 1.7 kb in size. As a non-limiting example, the small double stranded viral genome may be 1.6 kb in size. Additionally, the viral genome may comprise a promoter and a polyA tail.

In one embodiment, the viral genome which comprises a payload described herein, may a medium single stranded viral genome. A medium single stranded viral genome may be 3.6 to 4.3 kb in size such as about 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 kb in size. As a non-limiting example, the medium single stranded viral genome may be 4.0 kb in size. Additionally, the viral genome may comprise a promoter and a polyA tail.

In one embodiment, the viral genome which comprises a payload described herein, may be a medium double stranded viral genome. A medium double stranded viral genome may be 1.8 to 2.1 kb in size such as about 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, and 2.1 kb in size. As a non-limiting example, the medium double stranded viral genome may be 2.0 kb in size. Additionally, the viral genome may comprise a promoter and a polyA tail.

In one embodiment, the viral genome which comprises a payload described herein, may be a large single stranded viral genome. A large single stranded viral genome may be 4.4 to 6.0 kb in size such as about 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9 and 6.0 kb in size. As a non-limiting example, the large single stranded viral genome may be 4.7 kb in size. As another non-limiting example, the large single stranded viral genome may be 4.8 kb in size. As yet another non-limiting example, the large single stranded viral genome may be 6.0 kb in size. Additionally, the viral genome may comprise a promoter and a polyA tail.

In one embodiment, the viral genome which comprises a payload described herein, may be a large double stranded viral genome. A large double stranded viral genome may be 2.2 to 3.0 kb in size such as about 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9 and 3.0 kb in size. As a non-limiting example, the large double stranded viral genome may be 2.4 kb in size. Additionally, the viral genome may comprise a promoter and a polyA tail.

Viral Genome Component: Inverted Terminal Repeats (ITRs)

The AAV particles of the present invention comprise a viral genome with at least one ITR region and a payload region. In one embodiment the viral genome has two ITRs. These two ITRs flank the payload region at the 5′ and 3′ ends. The ITRs function as origins of replication comprising recognition sites for replication. ITRs comprise sequence regions which can be complementary and symmetrically arranged. ITRs incorporated into viral genomes of the invention may be comprised of naturally occurring polynucleotide sequences or recombinantly derived polynucleotide sequences.

The ITRs may be derived from the same serotype as the capsid, selected from any of the serotypes listed in Table 1, or a derivative thereof. The ITR may be of a different serotype from the capsid. In one embodiment the AAV particle has more than one ITR. In a non-limiting example, the AAV particle has a viral genome comprising two ITRs. In one embodiment the ITRs are of the same serotype as one another. In another embodiment the ITRs are of different serotypes. Non-limiting examples include zero, one or both of the ITRs having the same serotype as the capsid. In one embodiment both ITRs of the viral genome of the AAV particle are AAV2 ITRs.

Independently, each ITR may be about 100 to about 150 nucleotides in length. An ITR may be about 100-105 nucleotides in length, 106-110 nucleotides in length, 111-115 nucleotides in length, 116-120 nucleotides in length, 121-125 nucleotides in length, 126-130 nucleotides in length, 131-135 nucleotides in length, 136-140 nucleotides in length, 141-145 nucleotides in length or 146-150 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment the ITRs are 140-142 nucleotides in length. Non limiting examples of ITR length are 102, 140, 141, 142, 145 nucleotides in length, and those having at least 95% identity thereto.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule which may be located near the 5′ end of the flip ITR in an expression vector. In another embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located near the 3′ end of the flip ITR in an expression vector. In yet another embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located near the 5′ end of the flop ITR in an expression vector. In yet another embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located near the 3′ end of the flop ITR in an expression vector. In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located between the 5′ end of the flip ITR and the 3′ end of the flop ITR in an expression vector. In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located between (e.g., half-way between the 5′ end of the flip ITR and 3′ end of the flop ITR or the 3′ end of the flop ITR and the 5′ end of the flip ITR), the 3′ end of the flip ITR and the 5′ end of the flip ITR in an expression vector. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located within 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 or more than 30 nucleotides downstream from the 5′ or 3′ end of an ITR (e.g., Flip or Flop ITR) in an expression vector. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located within 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 or more than 30 nucleotides upstream from the 5′ or 3′ end of an ITR (e.g., Flip or Flop ITR) in an expression vector. As another non-limiting example, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located within 1-5, 1-10, 1-15, 1-20, 1-25, 1-30, 5-10, 5-15, 5-20, 5-25, 5-30, 10-15, 10-20, 10-25, 10-30, 15-20, 15-25, 15-30, 20-25, 20-30 or 25-30 nucleotides downstream from the 5′ or 3′ end of an ITR (e.g., Flip or Flop ITR) in an expression vector. As another non-limiting example, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located within 1-5, 1-10, 1-15, 1-20, 1-25, 1-30, 5-10, 5-15, 5-20, 5-25, 5-30, 10-15, 10-20, 10-25, 10-30, 15-20, 15-25, 15-30, 20-25, 20-30 or 25-30 upstream from the 5′ or 3′ end of an ITR (e.g., Flip or Flop ITR) in an expression vector. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located within the first 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or more than 25% of the nucleotides upstream from the 5′ or 3′ end of an ITR (e.g., Flip or Flop ITR) in an expression vector. As another non-limiting example, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located with the first 1-5%, 1-10%, 1-15%, 1-20%, 1-25%, 5-10%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25%, 10-15%, 10-20%, 10-25%, 15-20%, 15-25%, or 20-25% downstream from the 5′ or 3′ end of an ITR (e.g., Flip or Flop ITR) in an expression vector.

Viral Genome Component: Promoters

In one embodiment, the payload region of the viral genome comprises at least one element to enhance the transgene target specificity and expression (See e.g., Powell et al. Viral Expression Cassette Elements to Enhance Transgene Target Specificity and Expression in Gene Therapy, 2015; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety). Non-limiting examples of elements to enhance the transgene target specificity and expression include promoters, endogenous miRNAs, post-transcriptional regulatory elements (PREs), polyadenylation (PolyA) signal sequences and upstream enhancers (USEs), CMV enhancers and introns.

A person skilled in the art may recognize that expression of the polypeptides of the invention in a target cell may require a specific promoter, including but not limited to, a promoter that is species specific, inducible, tissue-specific, or cell cycle-specific (Parr et al., Nat. Med. 3:1145-9 (1997); the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety).

In one embodiment, the promoter is deemed to be efficient when it drives expression of the polypeptide(s) encoded in the payload region of the viral genome of the AAV particle.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a promoter deemed to be efficient to drive the expression of the modulatory polynucleotide.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a promoter deemed to be efficient when it drives expression in the cell being targeted.

In one embodiment, the promoter drives expression of the payload for a period of time in targeted tissues. Expression driven by a promoter may be for a period of 1 hour, 2, hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, 18 hours, 19 hours, 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 1 week, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 2 weeks, 15 days, 16 days, 17 days, 18 days, 19 days, 20 days, 3 weeks, 22 days, 23 days, 24 days, 25 days, 26 days, 27 days, 28 days, 29 days, 30 days, 31 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 1 year, 13 months, 14 months, 15 months, 16 months, 17 months, 18 months, 19 months, 20 months, 21 months, 22 months, 23 months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 6 years, 7 years, 8 years, 9 years, 10 years or more than 10 years. Expression may be for 1-5 hours, 1-12 hours, 1-2 days, 1-5 days, 1-2 weeks, 1-3 weeks, 1-4 weeks, 1-2 months, 1-4 months, 1-6 months, 2-6 months, 3-6 months, 3-9 months, 4-8 months, 6-12 months, 1-2 years, 1-5 years, 2-5 years, 3-6 years, 3-8 years, 4-8 years or 5-10 years.

In one embodiment, the promoter drives expression of the payload for at least 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years 4 years, 5 years, 6 years, 7 years, 8 years, 9 years, 10 years, 11 years, 12 years, 13 years, 14 years, 15 years, 16 years, 17 years, 18 years, 19 years, 20 years, 21 years, 22 years, 23 years, 24 years, 25 years, 26 years, 27 years, 28 years, 29 years, 30 years, 31 years, 32 years, 33 years, 34 years, 35 years, 36 years, 37 years, 38 years, 39 years, 40 years, 41 years, 42 years, 43 years, 44 years, 45 years, 46 years, 47 years, 48 years, 49 years, 50 years, 55 years, 60 years, 65 years, or more than 65 years.

Promoters may be naturally occurring or non-naturally occurring. Non-limiting examples of promoters include viral promoters, plant promoters and mammalian promoters. In some embodiments, the promoters may be human promoters. In some embodiments, the promoter may be truncated.

Promoters which drive or promote expression in most tissues include, but are not limited to, human elongation factor 1α-subunit (EF1α), cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early enhancer and/or promoter, chicken β-actin (CBA) and its derivative CAG, β glucuronidase (GUSB), or ubiquitin C (UBC). Tissue-specific expression elements can be used to restrict expression to certain cell types such as, but not limited to, muscle specific promoters, B cell promoters, monocyte promoters, leukocyte promoters, macrophage promoters, pancreatic acinar cell promoters, endothelial cell promoters, lung tissue promoters, astrocyte promoters, or nervous system promoters which can be used to restrict expression to neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes.

Non-limiting examples of muscle-specific promoters include mammalian muscle creatine kinase (MCK) promoter, mammalian desmin (DES) promoter, mammalian troponin I (TNNI2) promoter, and mammalian skeletal alpha-actin (ASKA) promoter (see, e.g. U.S. Patent Publication US 20110212529, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety)

Non-limiting examples of tissue-specific expression elements for neurons include neuron-specific enolase (NSE), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), platelet-derived growth factor B-chain (PDGF-3), synapsin (Syn), methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2), neurofilament light (NFL) or heavy (NFH), β-globin minigene nβ2, preproenkephalin (PPE), enkephalin (Enk) and excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) promoters. Non-limiting examples of tissue-specific expression elements for astrocytes include glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and EAAT2 promoters. A non-limiting example of a tissue-specific expression element for oligodendrocytes includes the myelin basic protein (MBP) promoter.

In one embodiment, the promoter may be less than 1 kb. The promoter may have a length of 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560, 570, 580, 590, 600, 610, 620, 630, 640, 650, 660, 670, 680, 690, 700, 710, 720, 730, 740, 750, 760, 770, 780, 790, 800 or more than 800 nucleotides. The promoter may have a length between 200-300, 200-400, 200-500, 200-600, 200-700, 200-800, 300-400, 300-500, 300-600, 300-700, 300-800, 400-500, 400-600, 400-700, 400-800, 500-600, 500-700, 500-800, 600-700, 600-800 or 700-800.

In one embodiment, the promoter may be a combination of two or more components of the same or different starting or parental promoters such as, but not limited to, CMV and CBA. Each component may have a length of 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560, 570, 580, 590, 600, 610, 620, 630, 640, 650, 660, 670, 680, 690, 700, 710, 720, 730, 740, 750, 760, 770, 780, 790, 800 or more than 800. Each component may have a length between 200-300, 200-400, 200-500, 200-600, 200-700, 200-800, 300-400, 300-500, 300-600, 300-700, 300-800, 400-500, 400-600, 400-700, 400-800, 500-600, 500-700, 500-800, 600-700, 600-800 or 700-800. In one embodiment, the promoter is a combination of a 382 nucleotide CMV-enhancer sequence and a 260 nucleotide CBA-promoter sequence.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a ubiquitous promoter. Non-limiting examples of ubiquitous promoters include CMV, CBA (including derivatives CAG, CBh, etc.), EF-1α, PGK, UBC, GUSB (hGBp), and UCOE (promoter of HNRPA2B1-CBX3).

Yu et al. (Molecular Pain 2011, 7:63; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety) evaluated the expression of eGFP under the CAG, EF1α, PGK and UBC promoters in rat DRG cells and primary DRG cells using lentiviral vectors and found that UBC showed weaker expression than the other 3 promoters and only 10-12% glial expression was seen for all promoters. Soderblom et al. (E. Neuro 2015; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) evaluated the expression of eGFP in AAV8 with CMV and UBC promoters and AAV2 with the CMV promoter after injection in the motor cortex. Intranasal administration of a plasmid containing a UBC or EF1α promoter showed a sustained airway expression greater than the expression with the CMV promoter (See e.g., Gill et al., Gene Therapy 2001, Vol. 8, 1539-1546, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety). Husain et al. (Gene Therapy 2009; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) evaluated an HOH construct with a hGUSB promoter, a HSV-1LAT promoter and an NSE promoter and found that the HPH construct showed weaker expression than NSE in mouse brain. Passini and Wolfe (J. Virol. 2001, 12382-12392, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) evaluated the long-term effects of the HPH vector following an intraventricular injection in neonatal mice and found that there was sustained expression for at least 1 year. Low expression in all brain regions was found by Xu et al. (Gene Therapy 2001, 8, 1323-1332; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety) when NFL and NFH promoters were used as compared to the CMV-lacZ, CMV-luc, EF, GFAP, hENK, nAChR, PPE, PPE+wpre, NSE (0.3 kb), NSE (1.8 kb) and NSE (1.8 kb+wpre). Xu et al. found that the promoter activity in descending order was NSE (1.8 kb), EF, NSE (0.3 kb), GFAP, CMV, hENK, PPE, NFL and NFH. NFL is a 650 nucleotide promoter and NFH is a 920 nucleotide promoter which are both absent in the liver but NFH is abundant in the sensory proprioceptive neurons, brain and spinal cord and NFH is present in the heart. Scn8a is a 470 nucleotide promoter which expresses throughout the DRG, spinal cord and brain with particularly high expression seen in the hippocampal neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells, cortex, thalamus and hypothalamus (See e.g., Drews et al. Identification of evolutionary conserved, functional noncoding elements m the promoter region of the sodium channel gene SCN8A. Mamm Genome (2007) 18:723-731; and Raymond et al. Expression of Alternatively Spliced Sodium Channel α-subunit genes. Journal of Biological Chemistry (2004) 279(44) 46234-46241; the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties).

Any of promoters taught by the aforementioned Yu, Soderblom, Gill. Husain, Passini, Xu, Drews or Raymond may be used in the present inventions.

In one embodiment, the promoter is not cell specific.

In one embodiment, the promoter is an ubiquitin c (UBC) promoter. The UBC promoter may have a size of 300-350 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the UBC promoter is 332 nucleotides.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a f-glucuronidase (GUSB) promoter. The GUSB promoter may have a size of 350-400 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the GUSB promoter is 378 nucleotides.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a neurofilament light (NFL) promoter. The NFL promoter may have a size of 600-700 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the NFL promoter is 650 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the construct may be AAV-promoter-CMV/globin intron-modulatory polynucleotide-RBG, where the AAV may be self-complementary and the AAV may be the DJ serotype.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a neurofilament heavy (NFH) promoter. The NFH promoter may have a size of 900-950 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the NFH promoter is 920 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the construct may be AAV-promoter-CMV/globin intron-modulatory polynucleotide-RBG, where the AAV may be self-complementary and the AAV may be the DJ serotype.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a scn8a promoter. The scn8a promoter may have a size of 450-500 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the scn8a promoter is 470 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the construct may be AAV-promoter-CMV/globin intron-modulatory polynucleotide-RBG, where the AAV may be self-complementary and the AAV may be the DJ serotype

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a Pol III promoter.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a P1 promoter.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a FXN promoter.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK) promoter.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a chicken β-actin (CBA) promoter.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a CAG promoter which is a construct comprising the cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer fused to the chicken beta-actin (CBA) promoter.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a H1 promoter.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a U6 promoter.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a liver or a skeletal muscle promoter. Non-limiting examples of liver promoters include human α-1-antitrypsin (hAAT) and thyroxine binding globulin (TBG). Non-limiting examples of skeletal muscle promoters include Desmin, MCK or synthetic C5-12.

In one embodiment, the promoter is a RNA pol III promoter. As a non-limiting example, the RNA pol III promoter is U6. As a non-limiting example, the RNA pol III promoter is H1.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises two promoters. As a non-limiting example, the promoters are an EF1α promoter and a CMV promoter.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises an enhancer element, a promoter and/or a 5′UTR intron. The enhancer element, also referred to herein as an “enhancer,” may be, but is not limited to, a CMV enhancer, the promoter may be, but is not limited to, a CMV, CBA, UBC, GUSB, NSE, Synapsin, MeCP2, and GFAP promoter and the 5′UTR/intron may be, but is not limited to, SV40, and CBA-MVM. As a non-limiting example, the enhancer, promoter and/or intron used in combination may be: (1) CMV enhancer, CMV promoter, SV40 5′UTR intron; (2) CMV enhancer, CBA promoter, SV 40 5′UTR intron; (3) CMV enhancer, CBA promoter, CBA-MVM 5′UTR intron; (4) UBC promoter; (5) GUSB promoter; (6) NSE promoter; (7) Synapsin promoter; (8) MeCP2 promoter, (9) GFAP promoter, (10) H1 promoter; and (11) U6 promoter.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises an engineered promoter.

In another embodiment the viral genome comprises a promoter from a naturally expressed protein.

Viral Genome Component: Untranslated Regions (UTRs)

By definition, wild type untranslated regions (UTRs) of a gene are transcribed but not translated. Generally, the 5′ UTR starts at the transcription start site and ends at the start codon and the 3′ UTR starts immediately following the stop codon and continues until the termination signal for transcription.

Features typically found in abundantly expressed genes of specific target organs may be engineered into UTRs to enhance the stability and protein production. As a non-limiting example, a 5′ UTR from mRNA normally expressed in the liver (e.g., albumin, serum amyloid A, Apolipoprotein A/B/E, transferrin, alpha fetoprotein, erythropoietin, or Factor VIII) may be used in the viral genomes of the AAV particles of the invention to enhance expression in hepatic cell lines or liver.

While not wishing to be bound by theory, wild-type 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) include features which play roles in translation initiation. Kozak sequences, which are commonly known to be involved in the process by which the ribosome initiates translation of many genes, are usually included in 5′ UTRs. Kozak sequences have the consensus CCR(A/G)CCAUGG, where R is a purine (adenine or guanine) three bases upstream of the start codon (ATG), which is followed by another ‘G’.

In one embodiment, the 5′UTR in the viral genome includes a Kozak sequence.

In one embodiment, the 5′UTR in the viral genome does not include a Kozak sequence.

While not wishing to be bound by theory, wild-type 3′ UTRs are known to have stretches of Adenosines and Uridines embedded therein. These AU rich signatures are particularly prevalent in genes with high rates of turnover. Based on their sequence features and functional properties, the AU rich elements (AREs) can be separated into three classes (Chen et al, 1995, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety): Class I AREs, such as, but not limited to, c-Myc and MyoD, contain several dispersed copies of an AUUUA motif within U-rich regions. Class II AREs, such as, but not limited to, GM-CSF and TNF-α, possess two or more overlapping UUAUUUA(U/A)(U/A) nonamers. Class III ARES, such as, but not limited to, c-Jun and Myogenin, are less well defined. These U rich regions do not contain an AUUUA motif. Most proteins binding to the AREs are known to destabilize the messenger, whereas members of the ELAV family, most notably HuR, have been documented to increase the stability of mRNA. HuR binds to AREs of all the three classes. Engineering the HuR specific binding sites into the 3′ UTR of nucleic acid molecules will lead to HuR binding and thus, stabilization of the message in vivo.

Introduction, removal or modification of 3′ UTR AU rich elements (AREs) can be used to modulate the stability of polynucleotides. When engineering specific polynucleotides, e.g., payload regions of viral genomes, one or more copies of an ARE can be introduced to make polynucleotides less stable and thereby curtail translation and decrease production of the resultant protein. Likewise, AREs can be identified and removed or mutated to increase the intracellular stability and thus increase translation and production of the resultant protein.

In one embodiment, the 3′ UTR of the viral genome may include an oligo(dT) sequence for templated addition of a poly-A tail.

In one embodiment, the viral genome may include at least one miRNA seed, binding site or full sequence, microRNAs (or miRNA or miR) are 19-25 nucleotide noncoding RNAs that bind to the sites of nucleic acid targets and down-regulate gene expression either by reducing nucleic acid molecule stability or by inhibiting translation. A microRNA sequence comprises a “seed” region, i.e., a sequence in the region of positions 2-8 of the mature microRNA, which sequence has perfect Watson-Crick complementarity to the miRNA target sequence of the nucleic acid.

In one embodiment, the viral genome may be engineered to include, alter or remove at least one miRNA binding site, sequence or seed region.

Any UTR from any gene known in the art may be incorporated into the viral genome of the AAV particle. These UTRs, or portions thereof, may be placed in the same orientation as in the gene from which they were selected or they may be altered in orientation or location. In one embodiment, the UTR used in the viral genome of the AAV particle may be inverted, shortened, lengthened, made with one or more other 5′ UTRs or 3′ UTRs known in the art. As used herein, the term “altered” as it relates to a UTR, means that the UTR has been changed in some way in relation to a reference sequence. For example, a 3′ or 5′ UTR may be altered relative to a wild type or native UTR by the change in orientation or location as taught above or may be altered by the inclusion of additional nucleotides, deletion of nucleotides, swapping or transposition of nucleotides.

In one embodiment, the viral genome of the AAV particle comprises at least one artificial UTRs which is not a variant of a wild type UTR

In one embodiment, the viral genome of the AAV particle comprises UTRs which have been selected from a family of transcripts whose proteins share a common function, structure, feature or property.

Viral Genome Component: Polyadenylation Sequence

In one embodiment, the viral genome of the AAV particles of the present invention comprise at least one polyadenylation sequence. The viral genome of the AAV particle may comprise a polyadenylation sequence between the 3′ end of the payload coding sequence and the 5′ end of the 3′ITR.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence or “polyA sequence” may range from absent to about 500 nucleotides in length. The polyadenylation sequence may be, but is not limited to, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, and 500 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 50-100 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 50-150 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 50-160 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 50-200 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 60-100 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 60-150 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 60-160 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 60-200 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 70-100 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 70-150 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 70-160 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 70-200 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 80-100 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 80-150 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 80-160 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 80-200 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 90-100 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 90-150 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 90-160 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation sequence is 90-200 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located upstream of the polyadenylation sequence in an expression vector. Further, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located downstream of a promoter such as, but not limited to, CMV, U6, CAG, CBA or a CBA promoter with a SV40 intron or a human betaglobin intron in an expression vector. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located within 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 or more than 30 nucleotides downstream from the promoter and/or upstream of the polyadenylation sequence in an expression vector. As another non-limiting example, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located within 1-5, 1-10, 1-15, 1-20, 1-25, 1-30, 5-10, 5-15, 5-20, 5-25, 5-30, 10-15, 10-20, 10-25, 10-30, 15-20, 15-25, 15-30, 20-25, 20-30 or 25-30 nucleotides downstream from the promoter and/or upstream of the polyadenylation sequence in an expression vector. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located within the first 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or more than 25% of the nucleotides downstream from the promoter and/or upstream of the polyadenylation sequence in an expression vector. As another non-limiting example, the AAV particle comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an siRNA molecule may be located with the first 1-5%, 1-10%, 1-15%, 1-20%, 1-25%, 5-10%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25%, 10-15%, 10-20%, 10-25%, 15-20%, 15-25%, or 20-25% downstream from the promoter and/or upstream of the polyadenylation sequence in an expression vector.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a rabbit globin polyadenylation (polyA) signal sequence.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a human growth hormone polyadenylation (polyA) signal sequence.

Viral Genome Component: Introns

In one embodiment, the payload region comprises at least one element to enhance the expression such as one or more introns or portions thereof. Non-limiting examples of introns include, MVM (67-97 bps), F.IX truncated intron 1 (300 bps), f-globin SD/immunoglobulin heavy chain splice acceptor (250 bps), adenovirus splice donor/immunoglobin splice acceptor (500 bps), SV40 late splice donor/splice acceptor (19S/16S) (180 bps) and hybrid adenovirus splice donor/IgG splice acceptor (230 bps).

In one embodiment, the intron or intron portion may be 100-500 nucleotides in length. The intron may have a length of 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490 or 500, The intron may have a length between 80-100, 80-120, 80-140, 80-160, 80-180, 80-200, 80-250, 80-300, 80-350, 80-400, 80-450, 80-500, 200-300, 200-400, 200-500, 300-400, 300-500, or 400-500.

In one embodiment, the AAV viral genome may comprise a promoter such as, but not limited to, CMV or U6. As a non-limiting example, the promoter for the AAV comprising the nucleic acid sequence for the siRNA molecules of the present invention is a CMV promoter. As another non-limiting example, the promoter for the AAV comprising the nucleic acid sequence for the siRNA molecules of the present invention is a U6 promoter.

In one embodiment, the AAV viral genome may comprise a CMV promoter.

In one embodiment, the AAV viral genome may comprise a U6 promoter.

In one embodiment, the AAV viral genome may comprise a CMV and a U6 promoter.

In one embodiment, the AAV viral genome may comprise a H1 promoter.

In one embodiment, the AAV viral genome may comprise a CBA promoter.

In one embodiment, the encoded siRNA molecule may be located downstream of a promoter in an expression vector such as, but not limited to, CMV, U6, H1, CBA, CAG, or a CBA promoter with an intron such as SV40 or others known in the art. Further, the encoded siRNA molecule may also be located upstream of the polyadenylation sequence in an expression vector. As a non-limiting example, the encoded siRNA molecule may be located within 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 or more than 30 nucleotides downstream from the promoter and/or upstream of the polyadenylation sequence in an expression vector. As another non-limiting example, the encoded siRNA molecule may be located within 1-5, 1-10, 1-15, 1-20, 1-25, 1-30, 5-10, 5-15, 5-20, 5-25, 5-30, 10-15, 10-20, 10-25, 10-30, 15-20, 15-25, 15-30, 20-25, 20-30 or 25-30 nucleotides downstream from the promoter and/or upstream of the polyadenylation sequence in an expression vector. As a non-limiting example, the encoded siRNA molecule may be located within the first 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or more than 25% of the nucleotides downstream from the promoter and/or upstream of the polyadenylation sequence in an expression vector. As another non-limiting example, the encoded siRNA molecule may be located with the first 1-5%, 1-10%, 1-15%, 1-20%, 1-25%, 5-10%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25%, 10-15%, 10-20%, 10-25%, 15-20%, 15-25%, or 20-25% downstream from the promoter and/or upstream of the polyadenylation sequence in an expression vector.

Viral Genome Component: Filler Sequence

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises one or more filler sequences.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises one or more filler sequences in order to have the length of the viral genome be the optimal size for packaging. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence in order to have the length of the viral genome be about 2.3 kb. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence in order to have the length of the viral genome be about 4.6 kb.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises one or more filler sequences in order to reduce the likelihood that a hairpin structure of the vector genome (e.g., a modulatory polynucleotide described herein) may be read as an inverted terminal repeat (ITR) during expression and/or packaging. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence in order to have the length of the viral genome be about 2.3 kb. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence in order to have the length of the viral genome be about 4.6 kb

In one embodiment, the viral genome is a single stranded (ss) viral genome and comprises one or more filler sequences which have a length about between 0.1 kb-3.8 kb, such as, but not limited to, 0.1 kb, 0.2 kb, 0.3 kb, 0.4 kb, 0.5 kb, 0.6 kb, 0.7 kb, 0.8 kb, 0.9 kb, 1 kb, 1.1 kb, 1.2 kb, 1.3 kb, 1.4 kb, 1.5 kb, 1.6 kb, 1.7 kb, 1.8 kb, 1.9 kb, 2 kb, 2.1 kb, 2.2 kb, 2.3 kb, 2.4 kb, 2.5 kb, 2.6 kb, 2.7 kb, 2.8 kb, 2.9 kb, 3 kb, 3.1 kb, 3.2 kb, 3.3 kb, 3.4 kb, 3.5 kb, 3.6 kb, 3.7 kb, or 3.8 kb. As a non-limiting example, the total length filler sequence in the vector genome is 3.1 kb. As a non-limiting example, the total length filler sequence in the vector genome is 2.7 kb. As a non-limiting example, the total length filler sequence in the vector genome is 0.8 kb. As a non-limiting example, the total length filler sequence in the vector genome is 0.4 kb. As a non-limiting example, the length of each filler sequence in the vector genome is 0.8 kb. As a non-limiting example, the length of each filler sequence in the vector genome is 0.4 kb.

In one embodiment, the viral genome is a self-complementary (sc) viral genome and comprises one or more filler sequences which have a length about between 0.1 kb-1.5 kb, such as, but not limited to, 0.1 kb, 0.2 kb, 0.3 kb, 0.4 kb, 0.5 kb, 0.6 kb, 0.7 kb, 0.8 kb, 0.9 kb, 1 kb, 1.1 kb, 1.2 kb, 1.3 kb, 1.4 kb, or 1.5 kb. As a non-limiting example, the total length filler sequence in the vector genome is 0.8 kb. As a non-limiting example, the total length filler sequence in the vector genome is 0.4 kb. As a non-limiting example, the length of each filler sequence in the vector genome is 0.8 kb. As a non-limiting example, the length of each filler sequence in the vector genome is 0.4 kb

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises any portion of a filler sequence. The viral genome may comprise 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% of a filler sequence.

In one embodiment, the viral genome is a single stranded (ss) viral genome and comprises one or more filler sequences in order to have the length of the viral genome be about 4.6 kb. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence and the filler sequence is located 3′ to the 5′ ITR sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence and the filler sequence is located 5′ to a promoter sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence and the filler sequence is located 3′ to the polyadenylation signal sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence and the filler sequence is located 5′ to the 3′ ITR sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence, and the filler sequence is located between two intron sequences. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence, and the filler sequence is located within an intron sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises two filler sequences, and the first filler sequence is located 3′ to the 5′ ITR sequence and the second filler sequence is located 3′ to the polyadenylation signal sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises two filler sequences, and the first filler sequence is located 5′ to a promoter sequence and the second filler sequence is located 3′ to the polyadenylation signal sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises two filler sequences, and the first filler sequence is located 3′ to the 5′ ITR sequence and the second filler sequence is located 5′ to the 5′ ITR sequence.

In one embodiment, the viral genome is a self-complementary (sc) viral genome and comprises one or more filler sequences in order to have the length of the viral genome be about 2.3 kb. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence and the filler sequence is located 3′ to the 5′ ITR sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence and the filler sequence is located 5′ to a promoter sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence and the filler sequence is located 3′ to the polyadenylation signal sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence and the filler sequence is located 5′ to the 3′ ITR sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence, and the filler sequence is located between two intron sequences. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence, and the filler sequence is located within an intron sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises two filler sequences, and the first filler sequence is located 3′ to the 5′ ITR sequence and the second filler sequence is located 3′ to the polyadenylation signal sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises two filler sequences, and the first filler sequence is located 5′ to a promoter sequence and the second filler sequence is located 3′ to the polyadenylation signal sequence. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises two filler sequences, and the first filler sequence is located 3′ to the 5′ ITR sequence and the second filler sequence is located 5′ to the 5′ ITR sequence.

In one embodiment, the viral genome may comprise one or more filler sequences between one of more regions of the viral genome. In one embodiment, the filler region may be located before a region such as, but not limited to, a payload region, an inverted terminal repeat (ITR), a promoter region, an intron region, an enhancer region, a polyadenylation signal sequence region, a multiple cloning site (MCS) region, and/or an exon region. In one embodiment, the filler region may be located after a region such as, but not limited to, a payload region, an inverted terminal repeat (ITR), a promoter region, an intron region, an enhancer region, a polyadenylation signal sequence region, a multiple cloning site (MCS) region, and/or an exon region. In one embodiment, the filler region may be located before and after a region such as, but not limited to, a payload region, an inverted terminal repeat (ITR), a promoter region, an intron region, an enhancer region, a polyadenylation signal sequence region, a multiple cloning site (MCS) region, and/or an exon region.

In one embodiment, the viral genome may comprise one or more filler sequences which bifurcates at least one region of the viral genome. The bifurcated region of the viral genome may comprise 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% of the of the region to the 5′ of the filler sequence region. As a non-limiting example, the filler sequence may bifurcate at least one region so that 10% of the region is located 5′ to the filler sequence and 90% of the region is located 3′ to the filler sequence. As a non-limiting example, the filler sequence may bifurcate at least one region so that 20% of the region is located 5′ to the filler sequence and 80% of the region is located 3′ to the filler sequence. As a non-limiting example, the filler sequence may bifurcate at least one region so that 30% of the region is located 5′ to the filler sequence and 70% of the region is located 3′ to the filler sequence. As a non-limiting example, the filler sequence may bifurcate at least one region so that 40% of the region is located 5′ to the filler sequence and 60% of the region is located 3′ to the filler sequence. As a non-limiting example, the filler sequence may bifurcate at least one region so that 50% of the region is located 5′ to the filler sequence and 50% of the region is located 3′ to the filler sequence. As a non-limiting example, the filler sequence may bifurcate at least one region so that 60% of the region is located 5′ to the filler sequence and 40% of the region is located 3′ to the filler sequence. As a non-limiting example, the filler sequence may bifurcate at least one region so that 70% of the region is located 5′ to the filler sequence and 30% of the region is located 3′ to the filler sequence. As a non-limiting example, the filler sequence may bifurcate at least one region so that 80% of the region is located 5′ to the filler sequence and 20% of the region is located 3′ to the filler sequence. As a non-limiting example, the filler sequence may bifurcate at least one region so that 90% of the region is located 5′ to the filler sequence and 10% of the region is located 3′ to the filler sequence.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence after the 5′ ITR.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence after the promoter region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence after the payload region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence after the intron region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence after the enhancer region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence after the polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence after the MCS region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence after the exon region.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence before the promoter region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence before the payload region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence before the intron region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence before the enhancer region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence before the polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence before the MCS region. In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence before the exon region.

In one embodiment, the viral genome comprises a filler sequence before the 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the 5′ ITR and the promoter region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the 5′ ITR and the payload region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the 5′ ITR and the intron region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the 5′ ITR and the enhancer region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the 5′ ITR and the polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the 5′ ITR and the MCS region.

In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the 5′ ITR and the exon region.

In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the promoter region and the payload region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the promoter region and the intron region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the promoter region and the enhancer region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the promoter region and the polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the promoter region and the MCS region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the promoter region and the exon region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the promoter region and the 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the payload region and the intron region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the payload region and the enhancer region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the payload region and the polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the payload region and the MCS region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the payload region and the exon region.

In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the payload region and the 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the intron region and the enhancer region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the intron region and the polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the intron region and the MCS region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the intron region and the exon region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the intron region and the 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the enhancer region and the polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the enhancer region and the MCS region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the enhancer region and the exon region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the enhancer region and the 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the polyadenylation signal sequence region and the MCS region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the polyadenylation signal sequence region and the exon region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the polyadenylation signal sequence region and the 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the MCS region and the exon region. In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the MCS region and the 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a filler sequence may be located between two regions, such as, but not limited to, the exon region and the 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and promoter region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the 5′ ITR and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and payload region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the promoter region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and intron region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the payload region and 3′ ITR region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and enhancer region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and pol adenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the intron region and 3′ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and polyadenylation signal sequence region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the enhancer region and 3′ ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and MCS region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and 3′ ITR. In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the polyadenylation signal sequence region and 3′ ITR, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

In one embodiment, a viral genome may comprise two filler sequences, the first filler sequence may be located between the MCS region and exon region, and the second filler sequence may be located between the exon region and 3′ ITR.

Payloads of the Invention

The AAV particles of the present disclosure comprise at least one payload region. As used herein, “payload” or “payload region” refers to one or more polynucleotides or polynucleotide regions encoded by or within a viral genome or an expression product of such polynucleotide or polynucleotide region, e.g., a transgene, a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide or multi-polypeptide or a modulatory nucleic acid or regulatory nucleic acid. Payloads of the present invention typically encode modulatory polynucleotides or fragments or variants thereof.

The payload region may be constructed in such a way as to reflect a region similar to or mirroring the natural organization of an mRNA.

The payload region may comprise a combination of coding and non-coding nucleic acid sequences.

In some embodiments, the AAV payload region may encode a coding or non-coding RNA.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a viral genome with a payload region comprising nucleic acid sequences encoding a siRNA, miRNA or other RNAi agent. In such an embodiment, a viral genome encoding more than one polypeptide may be replicated and packaged into a viral particle. A target cell transduced with a viral particle may express the encoded siRNA, miRNA or other RNAi agent inside a single cell.

Modulatory Polynucleotides

In one embodiment, modulatory polynucleotides, e.g., RNA or DNA molecules, may be used to treat neurodegenerative disease, in particular, Huntington's Disease (HD). As used herein, a “modulatory polynucleotide” is any nucleic acid sequence(s) which functions to modulate (either increase or decrease) the level or amount of a target gene, e.g., mRNA or protein levels.

In one embodiment, the modulatory polynucleotides may comprise at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one siRNA molecule. The nucleic acids may, independently if there is more than one, encode 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or more than 9 siRNA molecules.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may be located downstream of a CMV promoter, fragment or variant thereof.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may be located downstream of a CBA promoter, fragment or variant thereof.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may be a natural pri-miRNA scaffold located downstream of a CMV promoter. As a non-limiting example, the natural pri-miRNA scaffold is derived from the human miR155 scaffold.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may be a natural pri-miRNA scaffold located downstream of a CBA promoter.

In one embodiment, the selection of a molecular scaffold and modulatory polynucleotide is determined by a method of comparing modulatory polynucleotides in pri-miRNA (see e.g., the method described by Miniarikova et al. Design, Characterization, and Lead Selection of Therapeutic miRN4s Targeting Huntingtin for Development of Gene Therapy for Huntington's Disease. Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids (2016) 5, e297 and International Publication No. WO2016102664, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties). The modulatory polynucleotide may, but it not limited to, targeting exon 1, CAG repeats, SNP rs362331 in exon 50 and/or SNP rs362307 in exon 67. To evaluate the activities of the modulatory polynucleotides, the molecular scaffold used which may be used is a human pri-miRNA scaffold (e.g., miR1155 scaffold) and the promoter may be CMV. The activity may be determined in vitro using HEK293T cells and a reporter (e.g., Luciferase). For exon 1 targeting, the modulatory polynucleotide is determined to be efficient at HTT knockdown if the knockdown is 80% or greater. For CAG targeting, the modulatory polynucleotide is determined to be efficient at HTT knockdown if the knockdown is at least 60%. For SNP targeting, the modulatory polynucleotide is determined to be efficient at HTT knockdown if the knockdown is at least 60%. For allele selectivity for CAG repeats or SNP targeting the modulatory polynucleotides may comprise at least 1 substitution in order to improve allele selectivity. As a non-limiting example, substitution may be a G or C replaced with a T or corresponding U and A or T/U replaced by a C.

In order to evaluate the optimal molecular scaffold for the modulatory polynucleotide, the modulatory polynucleotide is used in pri-miRNA scaffolds with a CAG promoter. The constructs are co-transfected with a reporter (e.g., luciferase reporter) at 50 ng. Constructs with greater than 80% knockdown at 50 ng co-transfection are considered efficient. In one aspect, the constructs with strong guide-strand activity are preferred. The molecular scaffolds can be processed in HEK293T cells by NGS to determine guide-passenger ratios, and processing variability.

To evaluate the molecular scaffolds and modulatory polynucleotides in vivo the molecular scaffolds comprising the modulatory polynucleotides are packaged in AAV (e.g., the serotype may be AAV5 (see e.g., the method and constructs described in WO2015060722, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety)) and administered to an in vivo model (e.g., Hu128/21 HD mouse) and the guide-passenger ratios, 5′ and 3′ end processing, reversal of guide and passenger strands, and knockdown can be determined in different areas of the model.

In one embodiment, the selection of a molecular scaffold and modulatory polynucleotide is determined by a method of comparing modulatory polynucleotides in natural pri-miRNA and synthetic pri-miRNA. The modulatory polynucleotide may, but it not limited to, targeting an exon other than exon 1. To evaluate the activities of the modulatory polynucleotides, the molecular scaffold is used with a CBA promoter. In one aspect, the activity may be determined in vitro using HEK293T cells, HeLa cell and a reporter (e.g., Luciferase) and knockdown efficient modulatory polynucleotides showed HTT knockdown of at least 80% in the cell tested. Additionally, the modulatory polynucleotides which are considered most efficient showed low to no significant passenger strand (p-strand) activity. In another aspect, the endogenous HTT knockdown efficacy is evaluated by transfection in vitro using HEK293T cells, HeLa cell and a reporter. Efficient modulatory polynucleotides show greater than 50% endogenous HTT knockdown. In yet another aspect, the endogenous HTT knockdown efficacy is evaluated in different cell types (e.g., HEK293, HeLa, primary astrocytes. U251 astrocytes, SH-SY5Y neuron cells and fibroblasts from HD patients) by infection (e.g., AAV2). Efficient modulatory polynucleotides show greater than 60% endogenous HTT knockdown.

To evaluate the molecular scaffolds and modulatory polynucleotides in vivo the molecular scaffolds comprising the modulatory polynucleotides are packaged in AAV and administered to an in vivo model (e.g., YAC128 HD mouse) and the guide-passenger ratios, 5′ and 3′ end processing, ratio of guide to passenger strands, and knockdown can be determined in different areas of the model (e.g., tissue regions). The molecular scaffolds can be processed from in vivo samples by NGS to determine guide-passenger ratios, and processing variability.

In one embodiment, the modulatory polynucleotide is designed using at least one of the following properties: loop variant, seed mismatch/bulge/wobble variant, stem mismatch, loop variant and vassal stem mismatch variant, seed mismatch and basal stem mismatch variant, stem mismatch and basal stem mismatch variant, seed wobble and basal stem wobble variant, or a stem sequence variant.

siRNA Molecules

The present invention relates to RNA interference (RNAi) induced inhibition of gene expression for treating neurodegenerative disorders. Provided herein are siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA that target the HTT gene (referred to herein collectively as “siRNA molecules”). Such siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA can reduce or silence HTT gene expression in cells, for example, medium spiny neurons, cortical neurons and/or astrocytes, thereby, ameliorating symptoms of Huntington's Disease (HD).

RNAi (also known as post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), quelling, or co-suppression) is a post-transcriptional gene silencing process in which RNA molecules, in a sequence specific manner, inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. The active components of RNAi are short/small double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), called small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), that typically contain 15-30 nucleotides (e.g., 19 to 25, 19 to 24 or 19-21 nucleotides) and 2 nucleotide 3′ overhangs and that match the nucleic acid sequence of the target gene. These short RNA species may be naturally produced in vivo by Dicer-mediated cleavage of larger dsRNAs and they are functional in mammalian cells.

Naturally expressed small RNA molecules, named microRNAs (miRNAs), elicit gene silencing by regulating the expression of mRNAs. The miRNAs containing RNA Induced Silencing Complex (RISC) targets mRNAs presenting a perfect sequence complementarity with nucleotides 2-7 in the 5′ region of the miRNA which is called the seed region, and other base pairs with its 3′ region, miRNA mediated down regulation of gene expression may be caused by cleavage of the target mRNAs, translational inhibition of the target mRNAs, or mRNA decay. miRNA targeting sequences are usually located in the 3′-UTR of the target mRNAs. A single miRNA may target more than 100 transcripts from various genes, and one mRNA may be targeted by different miRNAs.

siRNA duplexes or dsRNA targeting a specific mRNA may be designed and synthesized in vitro and introduced into cells for activating RNAi processes. Elbashir et al. demonstrated that 21-nucleotide siRNA duplexes (termed small interfering RNAs) were capable of effecting potent and specific gene knockdown without inducing immune response in mammalian cells (Elbashir S M et al., Nature, 2001, 411, 494-498). Since this initial report, post-transcriptional gene silencing by siRNAs quickly emerged as a powerful tool for genetic analysis in mammalian cells and has the potential to produce novel therapeutics.

RNAi molecules which were designed to target against a nucleic acid sequence that encodes poly-glutamine repeat proteins which cause poly-glutamine expansion diseases such as Huntington's Disease, are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,169,483 and 9,181,544 and International Patent Publication No. WO2015179525, the content of each of which is herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,169,483 and 9,181,544 and International Patent Publication No. WO2015179525 each provide isolated RNA duplexes comprising a first strand of RNA (e.g., 15 contiguous nucleotides) and second strand of RNA (e.g., complementary to at least 12 contiguous nucleotides of the first strand) where the RNA duplex is about 15 to 30 base pairs in length. The first strand of RNA and second strand of RNA may be operably linked by an RNA loop (˜4 to 50 nucleotides) to form a hairpin structure which may be inserted into an expression cassette. Non-limiting examples of loop portions include SEQ ID NO: 9-14 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,169,483, the content of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. Non-limiting examples of strands of RNA which may be used, either full sequence or part of the sequence, to form RNA duplexes include SEQ ID NO: 1-8 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,169,483 and SEQ ID NO: 1-11, 33-59, 208-210, 213-215 and 218-221 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,181,544, the contents of each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. Non-limiting examples of RNAi molecules include SEQ ID NOs: 1-8 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,169,483, SEQ ID NOs: 1-11, 33-59, 208-210, 213-215 and 218-221 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,181,544 and SEQ ID NOs: 1, 6, 7, and 35-38 of International Patent Publication No. WO2015179525, the contents of each of which is herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

In vitro synthesized siRNA molecules may be introduced into cells in order to activate RNAi. An exogenous siRNA duplex, when it is introduced into cells, similar to the endogenous dsRNAs, can be assembled to form the RNA Induced Silencing Complex (RISC), a multiunit complex that interacts with RNA sequences that are complementary to one of the two strands of the siRNA duplex (i.e., the antisense strand). During the process, the sense strand (or passenger strand) of the siRNA is lost from the complex, while the antisense strand (or guide strand) of the siRNA is matched with its complementary RNA. In particular, the targets of siRNA containing RISC complexes are mRNAs presenting a perfect sequence complementarity. Then, siRNA mediated gene silencing occurs by cleaving, releasing and degrading the target.

The siRNA duplex comprised of a sense strand homologous to the target mRNA and an antisense strand that is complementary to the target mRNA offers much more advantage in terms of efficiency for target RNA destruction compared to the use of the single strand (ss)-siRNAs (e.g. antisense strand RNA or antisense oligonucleotides). In many cases, it requires higher concentration of the ss-siRNA to achieve the effective gene silencing potency of the corresponding duplex.

Any of the foregoing molecules may be encoded by a viral genome.

Design and Sequences of siRNA Duplexes Targeting HTT Gene

The present invention provides small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes (and modulatory polynucleotides encoding them) that target HTT mRNA to interfere with HTT gene expression and/or HTT protein production.

The encoded siRNA duplex of the present invention contains an antisense strand and a sense strand hybridized together forming a duplex structure, wherein the antisense strand is complementary to the nucleic acid sequence of the targeted HTT gene, and wherein the sense strand is homologous to the nucleic acid sequence of the targeted HTT gene. In some aspects, the 5′ end of the antisense strand has a 5′ phosphate group and the 3′ end of the sense strand contains a 3′hydroxyl group. In other aspects, there are none, one or 2 nucleotide overhangs at the 3′end of each strand.

Some guidelines for designing siRNAs have been proposed in the art. These guidelines generally recommend generating a 19-nucleotide duplexed region, symmetric 2-3 nucleotide 3′overhangs, 5′-phosphate and 3′-hydroxyl groups targeting a region in the gene to be silenced. Other rules that may govern siRNA sequence preference include, but are not limited to, (i) A/U at the 5′ end of the antisense strand; (ii) G/C at the 5′ end of the sense strand; (iii) at least five A/U residues in the 5′ terminal one-third of the antisense strand; and (iv) the absence of any GC stretch of more than 9 nucleotides in length. In accordance with such consideration, together with the specific sequence of a target gene, highly effective siRNA molecules essential for suppressing mammalian target gene expression may be readily designed.

According to the present invention, siRNA molecules (e.g., siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA) that target the HTT gene are designed. Such siRNA molecules can specifically, suppress HTT gene expression and protein production. In some aspects, the siRNA molecules are designed and used to selectively “knock out” HTT gene variants in cells, i.e., mutated HTT transcripts that are identified in patients with HD disease. In some aspects, the siRNA molecules are designed and used to selectively “knock down” HTT gene variants in cells. In other aspects, the siRNA molecules are able to inhibit or suppress both the wild type and mutated HTT gene.

In one embodiment, an siRNA molecule of the present invention comprises a sense strand and a complementary antisense strand in which both strands are hybridized together to form a duplex structure. The antisense strand has sufficient complementarity to the HTT mRNA sequence to direct target-specific RNAi, i.e., the siRNA molecule has a sequence sufficient to trigger the destruction of the target mRNA by the RNAi machinery or process.

In one embodiment, an siRNA molecule of the present invention comprises a sense strand and a complementary antisense strand in which both strands are hybridized together to form a duplex structure and where the start site of the hybridization to the HTT mRNA is between nucleotide 100 and 7000 on the HTT mRNA sequence. As a non-limiting example, the start site may be between nucleotide 100-150, 150-200, 200-250, 250-300, 300-350, 350-400, 400-450, 450-500, 500-550, 550-600, 600-650, 650-700, 700-70, 750-800, 800-850, 850-900, 900-950, 950-1000, 1000-1050, 1050-1100, 1100-1150, 1150-1200, 1200-1250, 1250-1300, 1300-1350, 1350-1400, 1400-1450, 1450-1500, 1500-1550, 1550-1600, 1600-1650, 1650-1700, 1700-1750, 1750-1800, 1800-1850, 1850-1900, 1900-1950, 1950-2000, 2000-2050, 2050-2100, 2100-2150, 2150-2200, 2200-2250, 2250-2300, 2300-2350, 2350-2400, 2400-2450, 2450-2500, 2500-2550, 2550-2600, 2600-2650, 2650-2700, 2700-2750, 2750-2800, 2800-2850, 2850-2900, 2900-2950, 2950-3000, 3000-3050, 3050-3100, 3100-3150, 3150-3200, 3200-3250, 3250-3300, 3300-3350, 3350-3400, 3400-3450, 3450-3500, 3500-3550, 3550-3600, 3600-3650, 3650-3700, 3700-3750, 3750-3800, 3800-3850, 3850-3900, 3900-3950, 3950-4000, 4000-4050, 4050-4100, 4100-4150, 4150-4200, 4200-4250, 4250-4300, 4300-4350, 4350-4400, 4400-4450, 4450-4500, 4500-4550, 4550-4600, 4600-4650, 4650-4700, 4700-4750, 4750-4800, 4800-4850, 4850-4900, 4900-4950, 4950-5000, 5000-5050, 5050-5100, 5100-5150, 5150-5200, 5200-5250, 5250-5300, 5300-5350, 5350-5400, 5400-5450, 5450-5500, 5500-5550, 5550-5600, 5600-5650, 5650-5700, 5700-5750, 5750-5800, 5800-5850, 5850-5900, 5900-5950, 5950-6000, 6000-6050, 6050-6100, 6100-6150, 6150-6200, 6200-6250, 6250-6300, 6300-6350, 6350-6400, 6400-6450, 6450-6500, 6500-6550, 6550-6600, 6600-6650, 6650-6700, 6700-6750, 6750-6800, 6800-6850, 6850-6900, 6900-6950, 6950-7000, 7000-7050, 7050-7100, 7100-7150, 7150-7200, 7200-7250, 7250-7300, 7300-7350, 7350-7400, 7400-7450, 7450-7500, 7500-7550, 7550-7600, 7600-7650, 7650-7700, 7700-7750, 7750-7800, 7800-7850, 7850-7900, 7900-7950, 7950-8000, 8000-8050, 8050-8100, 8100-8150, 8150-8200, 8200-8250, 8250-8300, 8300-8350, 8350-8400, 8400-8450, 8450-8500, 8500-8550, 8550-8600, 8600-8650, 8650-8700, 8700-8750, 8750-8800, 8800-8850, 8850-8900, 8900-8950, 8950-9000, 9000-9050, 9050-9100, 9100-9150, 9150-9200, 9200-9250, 9250-9300, 9300-9350, 9350-9400, 9400-9450, 9450-9500, 9500-9550, 9550-9600, 9600-9650, 9650-9700, 9700-9750, 9750-9800, 9800-9850, 9850-9900, 9900-9950, 9950-10000, 10000-10050, 10050-10100, 10100-10150, 10150-10200, 10200-10250, 10250-10300, 10300-10350, 10350-10400, 10400-10450, 10450-10500, 10500-10550, 10550-10600, 10600-10650, 10650-10700, 10700-10750, 10750-10800, 10800-10850, 10850-10900, 10900-10950, 10950-11000, 11050-11100, 11100-11150, 11150-11200, 11200-11250, 11250-11300, 11300-11350, 11350-11400, 11400-11450, 11450-11500, 11500-11550, 11550-11600, 11600-11650, 11650-11700, 11700-11750, 11750-11800, 11800-11850, 11850-11900, 11900-11950, 11950-12000, 12000-12050, 12050-12100, 12100-12150, 12150-12200, 12200-12250, 12250-12300, 12300-12350, 12350-12400, 12400-12450, 12450-12500, 12500-12550, 12550-12600, 12600-12650, 12650-12700, 12700-12750, 12750-12800, 12800-12850, 12850-12900, 12900-12950, 12950-13000, 13050-13100, 13100-13150, 13150-13200, 13200-13250, 13250-13300, 13300-13350, 13350-13400, 13400-13450, and 13450-13500 on the HTT mRNA sequence. As yet another non-limiting example, the start site may be nucleotide 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612, 613, 614, 615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 715, 716, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 2050, 2051, 2052, 2053, 2054, 2055, 2056, 2057, 2058, 2059, 2060, 2061, 2062, 2063, 2064, 2065, 2066, 2067, 2068, 2069, 2070, 2071, 2072, 2073, 2074, 2075, 2076, 2077, 2078, 2079, 2080, 2081, 2082, 2083, 2084, 2085, 2086, 2087, 2088, 2089, 2090, 2091, 2092, 2093, 2094, 2095, 2096, 2097, 2098, 2099, 2100, 2580, 2581, 2582, 2583, 2584, 2585, 2586, 2587, 2588, 2589, 2590, 2591, 2592, 2593, 2594, 2595, 2596, 2597, 2598, 2599, 2600, 2601, 2602, 2603, 2604, 2605, 4525, 4526, 4527, 4528, 4529, 4530, 4531, 4532, 4533, 4534, 4535, 4536, 4537, 4538, 4539, 4540, 4541, 4542, 4543, 4544, 4545, 4546, 4547, 4548, 4549, 4550, 4575, 4576, 4577, 4578, 4579, 4580, 4581, 4582, 4583, 4584, 4585, 4586, 4587, 4588, 4589, 4590, 4591, 4592, 4593, 4594, 4595, 4596, 4597, 4598, 4599, 4600, 4850, 4851, 4852, 4853, 4854, 4855, 4856, 4857, 4858, 4859, 4860, 4861, 4862, 4863, 4864, 4865, 4866, 4867, 4868, 4869, 4870, 4871, 4872, 4873, 4874, 4875, 4876, 4877, 4878, 4879, 4880, 4881, 4882, 4883, 4884, 4885, 4886, 4887, 4888, 4889, 4890, 4891, 4892, 4893, 4894, 4895, 4896, 4897, 4898, 4899, 4900, 5460, 5461, 5462, 5463, 5464, 5465, 5466, 5467, 5468, 5469, 5470, 5471, 5472, 5473, 5474, 5475, 5476, 5477, 5478, 5479, 5480, 6175, 6176, 6177, 6178, 6179, 6180, 6181, 6182, 6183, 6184, 6185, 6186, 6187, 6188, 6189, 6190, 6191, 6192, 6193, 6194, 6195, 6196, 6197, 6198, 6199, 6200, 6315, 6316, 6317, 6318, 6319, 6320, 6321, 6322, 6323, 6324, 6325, 6326, 6327, 6328, 6329, 6330, 6331, 6332, 6333, 6334, 6335, 6336, 6337, 6338, 6339, 6340, 6341, 6342, 6343, 6344, 6345, 6600, 6601, 6602, 6603, 6604, 6605, 6606, 6607, 6608, 6609, 6610, 6611, 6612, 6613, 6614, 6615, 6725, 6726, 6727, 6728, 6729, 6730, 6731, 6732, 6733, 6734, 6735, 6736, 6737, 6738, 6739, 6740, 6741, 6742, 6743, 6744, 6745, 6746, 6747, 6748, 6749, 6750, 6751, 6752, 6753, 6754, 6755, 6756, 6757, 6758, 6759, 6760, 6761, 6762, 6763, 6764, 6765, 6766, 6767, 6768, 6769, 6770, 6771, 6772, 6773, 6774, 6775, 7655, 7656, 7657, 7658, 7659, 7660, 7661, 7662, 7663, 7664, 7665, 7666, 7667, 7668, 7669, 7670, 7671, 7672, 8510, 8511, 8512, 8513, 8514, 8515, 8516, 8715, 8716, 8717, 8718, 8719, 8720, 8721, 8722, 8723, 8724, 8725, 8726, 8727, 8728, 8729, 8730, 8731, 8732, 8733, 8734, 8735, 8736, 8737, 8738, 8739, 8740, 8741, 8742, 8743, 8744, 8745, 9250, 9251, 9252, 9253, 9254, 9255, 9256, 9257, 9258, 9259, 9260, 9261, 9262, 9263, 9264, 9265, 9266, 9267, 9268, 9269, 9270, 9480, 9481, 9482, 9483, 9484, 9485, 9486, 9487, 9488, 9489, 9490, 9491, 9492, 9493, 9494, 9495, 9496, 9497, 9498, 9499, 9500, 9575, 9576, 9577, 9578, 9579, 9580, 9581, 9582, 9583, 9584, 9585, 9586, 9587, 9588, 9589, 9590, 10525, 10526, 10527, 10528, 10529, 10530, 10531, 10532, 10533, 10534, 10535, 10536, 10537, 10538, 10539, 10540, 11545, 11546, 11547, 11548, 11549, 11550, 11551, 11552, 11553, 11554, 11555, 11556, 11557, 11558, 11559, 11560, 11875, 11876, 11877, 11878, 11879, 11880, 11881, 11882, 11883, 11884, 11885, 11886, 11887, 11888, 11889, 11890, 11891, 11892, 11893, 11894, 11895, 11896, 11897, 11898, 11899, 11900, 11915, 11916, 11917, 11918, 11919, 11920, 11921, 11922, 11923, 11924, 11925, 11926, 11927, 11928, 11929, 11930, 11931, 11932, 11933, 11934, 11935, 11936, 11937, 11938, 11939, 11940, 13375, 13376, 13377, 13378, 13379, 13380, 13381, 13382, 13383, 13384, 13385, 13386, 13387, 13388, 13389 and 13390 on the HTT mRNA sequence.

In some embodiments, the antisense strand and target mRNA sequences have 100% complementarity. The antisense strand may be complementary to any part of the target mRNA sequence.

In other embodiments, the antisense strand and target mRNA sequences comprise at least one mismatch. As a non-limiting example, the antisense strand and the target mRNA sequence have at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-99%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-99%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-99%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-99%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-99%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-99%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-99%, 90-95%, 90-99% or 95-99% complementarity.

In one embodiment, an siRNA or dsRNA includes at least two sequences that are complementary to each other.

According to the present invention, the siRNA molecule has a length from about 10-50 or more nucleotides, i.e., each strand comprising 10-50 nucleotides (or nucleotide analogs). Preferably, the siRNA molecule has a length from about 15-30. e.g., 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30 nucleotides in each strand, wherein one of the strands is sufficiently complementarity to a target region. In one embodiment, each strand of the siRNA molecule has a length from about 19 to 25, 19 to 24 or 19 to 21 nucleotides. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 19 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 20 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 21 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 22 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 23 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 24 nucleotides in length. In one embodiment, at least one strand of the siRNA molecule is 25 nucleotides in length.

In some embodiments, the siRNA molecules of the present invention can be synthetic RNA duplexes comprising about 19 nucleotides to about 25 nucleotides, and two overhanging nucleotides at the 3′-end. In some aspects, the siRNA molecules may be unmodified RNA molecules. In other aspects, the siRNA molecules may contain at least one modified nucleotide, such as base, sugar or backbone modifications.

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules of the present invention may comprise a nucleotide sequence such as, but not limited to, the antisense (guide) sequences in Table 2 or a fragment or variant thereof. As a non-limiting example, the antisense sequence used in the siRNA molecule of the present invention is at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-99%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-99%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-99%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-99%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-99%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-99%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-99%, 90-95%, 90-99% or 95-99% of a nucleotide sequence in Table 2. As another non-limiting example, the antisense sequence used in the siRNA molecule of the present invention comprises at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 or more than 21 consecutive nucleotides of a nucleotide sequence in Table 2. As yet another non-limiting example, the antisense sequence used in the siRNA molecule of the present invention comprises nucleotides 1 to 22, 1 to 21, 1 to 20, 1 to 19, 1 to 18, 1 to 17, 1 to 16, 1 to 15, 1 to 14, 1 to 13, 1 to 12, 1 to 11, 1 to 10, 1 to 9, 1 to 8, 2 to 22, 2 to 21, 2 to 20, 2 to 19, 2 to 18, 2 to 17, 2 to 16, 2 to 15, 2 to 14, 2 to 13, 2 to 12, 2 to 11, 2 to 10, 2 to 9, 2 to 8, 3 to 22, 3 to 21, 3 to 20, 3 to 19, 3 to 18, 3 to 17, 3 to 16, 3 to 15, 3 to 14, 3 to 13, 3 to 12, 3 to 11, 3 to 10, 3 to 9, 3 to 8, 4 to 22, 4 to 21, 4 to 20, 4 to 19, 4 to 18, 4 to 17, 4 to 16, 4 to 15, 4 to 14, 4 to 13, 4 to 12, 4 to 11, 4 to 10, 4 to 9, 4 to 8, 5 to 22, 5 to 21, 5 to 20, 5 to 19, 5 to 18, 5 to 17, 5 to 16, 5 to 15, 5 to 14, 5 to 13, 5 to 12, 5 to 11, 5 to 10, 5 to 9, 5 to 8, 6 to 22, 6 to 21, 6 to 20, 6 to 19, 6 to 18, 6 to 17, 6 to 16, 6 to 15, 6 to 14, 6 to 13, 6 to 12, 6 to 11, 6 to 10, 7 to 22, 7 to 21, 7 to 20, 7 to 19, 7 to 18, 7 to 17, 7 to 16, 7 to 15, 7 to 14, 7 to 13, 7 to 12, 8 to 22, 8 to 21, 8 to 20, 8 to 19, 8 to 18, 8 to 17, 8 to 16, 8 to 15, 8 to 14, 8 to 13, 8 to 12, 9 to 22, 9 to 21, 9 to 20, 9 to 19, 9 to 18, 9 to 17, 9 to 16, 9 to 15, 9 to 14, 10 to 22, 10 to 21, 10 to 20, 10 to 19, 10 to 18, 10 to 17, 10 to 16, 10 to 15, 10 to 14, 11 to 22, 11 to 21, 11 to 20, 11 to 19, 11 to 18, 11 to 17, 11 to 16, 11 to 15, 11 to 14, 12 to 22, 12 to 21, 12 to 20, 12 to 19, 12 to 18, 12 to 17, 12 to 16, 13 to 22, 13 to 21, 13 to 20, 13 to 19, 13 to 18, 13 to 17, 13 to 16, 14 to 22, 14 to 21, 14 to 20, 14 to 19, 14 to 18, 14 to 17, 15 to 22, 15 to 21, 15 to 20, 15 to 19, 15 to 18, 16 to 22, 16 to 21, 16 to 20, 17 to 22, 17 to 21, or 18 to 22 of the sequences in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Antisense Sequences SEQ Antisense  ID ID Sequence NO A-2000 UUAACGUCAGUUCAUAAACUU  914 A-2000dt UUAACGUCAGUUCAUAAACdTdT  915 A-2001 UGUCGGUACCGUCUAACACUU  916 A-2001dt UGUCGGUACCGUCUAACACdTdT  917 A-2002 UAAGCAUGGAGCUAGCAGGUU  918 A-2002dt UAAGCAUGGAGCUAGCAGGdTdT  919 A-2003 UACAACGAGACUGAAUUGCUU  920 A-2003dt UACAACGAGACUGAAUUGCdTdT  921 A-2004 UUCAGUUCAUAAACCUGGAUU  922 A-2004dt UUCAGUUCAUAAACCUGGAdTdT  923 A-2005 UAACGUCAGUUCAUAAACCUU  924 A-2005dt UAACGUCAGUUCAUAAACCdTdT  925 A-2006 UCCGGUCACAACAUUGUGGUU  926 A-2006dt UCCGGUCACAACAUUGUGGdTdT  927 A-2007 UUGCACGGUUCUUUGUGACUU  928 A-2007dt UUGCACGGUUCUUUGUGACdTdT  929 A-2008 UUUUAUAACAAGAGGUUCAUU  930 A-2008dt UUUUAUAACAAGAGGUUCAdTdT  931 A-2009 UCCAAAUACUGGUUGUCGGUU  932 A-2009dt UCCAAAUACUGGUUGUCGGdTdT  933 A-2010 UAUUUUAGGAAUUCCAAUGUU  934 A-2010dt UAUUUUAGGAAUUCCAAUGdTdT  935 A-2011 UUUAGGAAUUCCAAUGAUCUU  936 A-2011dt UUUAGGAAUUCCAAUGAUCdTdT  937 A-2012dt UUAAUCUCUUUACUGAUAUdTdT  938 A-2013dt GAUUUUAGGAAUUCCAAUGdTdT  939 A-2014 UAAGCAUGGAGCUAGCAGGCUU  940 A-2015 UAAGCAUGGAGCUAGCAGGGU  941 A-2016 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGU  942 A-2017 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAG  943 A-2018 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGA  944 A-2019 AGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGU  945 A-2020 GAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGU  946 A-2021 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGU  947 A-2022 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGUU  948 A-2023 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAG  949 A-2024 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGA  950 A-2025 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGG  951 A-2026 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAU  952 A-2027 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGA  953 A-2028 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGG  954 A-2029 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGU  955 A-2030 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGA  956 A-2031 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAG  957 A-2032 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGU  958 A-2033 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGA  959 A-2034 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGA  960 A-2035 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGG  961 A-2036 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGAU  962 A-2037 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGAUU  963 A-2038 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAG  964 A-2039 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGAA  965 A-2040 GAUGAAGUGCACACAUUGGAUGA  966 A-2041 GAUGAACUGACACAUUGGAUG  967 A-2042 GAUGAAUUGCACACAGUAGAUGA  968 A-2043 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGUU  969 A-2044 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGUUU  970 A-2045 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGU  971 A-2046 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGUUUU  972 A-2047 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGGUUUUU  973 A-2048 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGG  974 A-2049 UAAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAG  975 A-2050 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAG  976 A-2051 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGU  977 A-2052 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGACGAGUCCC  978 A-2053 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGACGAGUCCCA  979 A-2054 AAGGACUUGAGGGACUCGAAGACGAGUCCCU  980 A-2055 GAUGAAGUGCACACAUUGGAUAC  981 A-2056 GAUGAAGUGCACACAUUGGAUACA  982 A-2057 GAUGAAGUGCACACAUUGGAUACAAUGUGU  983 A-2058 GAUGAAGUGCACACAUUGGAU  984 A-2059 GAUGAAGUGCACACAUUGGAUA  985 A-2060 GAUGAAUUGCACACAGUAGAUAU  986 A-2061 GAUGAAUUGCACACAGUAGAUAUAC  987 A-2062 GAUGAAUUGCACACAGUAGAUAUACUGUGU  988 A-2063 GAUGAAUUGCACACAGUAGAUAUA  989 A-2064 AUGAAUUGCACACAGUAGAUAUAC  990 A-2065 GAUGAAUUGCACACAGUAGAUA  991 A-2066 GAUGAAUUGCACACAGUAGAUAUACUGUGU  992 A-2067 UACAACGAGACUGAAUUGCU  993 A-2068 ACAACGAGACUGAAUUGCUU  994 A-2069 UCCGGUCACAACAUUGUGGUUC  995 A-2070 UCCGGUCACAACAUUGUGGU  996 A-2071 UCCGGUCACAACAUUGUG  997 A-2072 CCGGUCACAACAUUGUGGUU  998 A-2073 UUUUAUAACAAGAGGUUCAU  999 A-2074 UUUAUAACAAGAGGUUCAUU 1000 A-2075 UAAGCAUGGAGCUAGCAGGU 1001 A-2076 AAGCAUGGAGCUAGCAGGUU 1002 A-2077 CCAAAUACUGGUUGUCGGUU 1003 A-2078 UACAACGAGACUGAAUUGCUUU 1004 A-2079 UAACGUCAGUUCAUAAACCUUU 1005 A-2080 GUCCGGUCACAACAUUGUGGUU 1006 A-2081 UCCGGUCACAACAUUGUGGUUUG 1007 A-2082 UCCGGUCACAACAUUGUGGUUU 1008 A-2083 UCCGGUCACAACAUUGUGG 1009 A-2084 UAAGCAUGGAGCUAGCAGGUUU 1010 A-2085 AAGCAUGGAGCUAGCAGGUUU 1011 A-2086 UCCAAAUACUGGUUGUCGGUUU 1012 A-2087 CCAAAUACUGGUUGUCGGUUU 1013

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules of the present invention may compromise a nucleotide sequence such as, but not limited to, the sense (passenger) sequences in Table 3 or a fragment or variant thereof. As a non-limiting example, the sense sequence used in the siRNA molecule of the present invention is at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-99%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-99%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-99%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-99%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-99%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-99%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-99%, 90-95%, 90-99% or 95-99% of a nucleotide sequence in Table 3. As another non-limiting example, the sense sequence used in the siRNA molecule of the present invention comprises at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 or more than 21 consecutive nucleotides of a nucleotide sequence in Table 3. As yet another non-limiting example, the sense sequence used in the siRNA molecule of the present invention comprises nucleotides 1 to 22, 1 to 21, 1 to 20, 1 to 19, 1 to 18, 1 to 17, 1 to 16, 1 to 15, 1 to 14, 1 to 13, 1 to 12, 1 to 11, 1 to 10, 1 to 9, 1 to 8, 2 to 22, 2 to 21, 2 to 20, 2 to 19, 2 to 18, 2 to 17, 2 to 16, 2 to 15, 2 to 14, 2 to 13, 2 to 12, 2 to 11, 2 to 10, 2 to 9, 2 to 8, 3 to 22, 3 to 21, 3 to 20, 3 to 19, 3 to 18, 3 to 17, 3 to 16, 3 to 15, 3 to 14, 3 to 13, 3 to 12, 3 to 11, 3 to 10, 3 to 9, 3 to 8, 4 to 22, 4 to 21, 4 to 20, 4 to 19, 4 to 18, 4 to 17, 4 to 16, 4 to 15, 4 to 14, 4 to 13, 4 to 12, 4 to 11, 4 to 10, 4 to 9, 4 to 8, 5 to 22, 5 to 21, 5 to 20, 5 to 19, 5 to 18, 5 to 17, 5 to 16, 5 to 15, 5 to 14, 5 to 13, 5 to 12, 5 to 11, 5 to 10, 5 to 9, 5 to 8, 6 to 22, 6 to 21, 6 to 20, 6 to 19, 6 to 18, 6 to 17, 6 to 16, 6 to 15, 6 to 14, 6 to 13, 6 to 12, 6 to 11, 6 to 10, 7 to 22, 7 to 21, 7 to 20, 7 to 19, 7 to 18, 7 to 17, 7 to 16, 7 to 15, 7 to 14, 7 to 13, 7 to 12, 8 to 22, 8 to 21, 8 to 20, 8 to 19, 8 to 18, 8 to 17, 8 to 16, 8 to 15, 8 to 14, 8 to 13, 8 to 12, 9 to 22, 9 to 21, 9 to 20, 9 to 19, 9 to 18, 9 to 17, 9 to 16, 9 to 15, 9 to 14, 10 to 22, 10 to 21, 10 to 20, 10 to 19, 10 to 18, 10 to 17, 10 to 16, 10 to 15, 10 to 14, 11 to 22, 11 to 21, 11 to 20, 11 to 19, 11 to 18, 11 to 17, 11 to 16, 11 to 15, 11 to 14, 12 to 22, 12 to 21, 12 to 20, 12 to 19, 12 to 18, 12 to 17, 12 to 16, 13 to 22, 13 to 21, 13 to 20, 13 to 19, 13 to 18, 13 to 17, 13 to 16, 14 to 22, 14 to 21, 14 to 20, 14 to 19, 14 to 18, 14 to 17, 15 to 22, 15 to 21, 15 to 20, 15 to 19, 15 to 18, 16 to 22, 16 to 21, 16 to 20, 17 to 22, 17 to 21, or 18 to 22 of the sequences in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Sense Sequences SEQ ID Sense ID Sequence NO S-1000 GUUUAUGAACUGAUCUUACCC 1014 S-1001 GUGUUAGACGGUACUGAUCCC 1015 S-1002 CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUCCC 1016 S-1003 GUUUAUGAACUGAUCUUAGCC 1017 S-1004 GUGUUAGACGGUACUGAUGCC 1018 S-1005 CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUGCC 1019 S-1006 GUUUAUGAAGUGAUCUUAACC 1020 S-1007 GUGUUAGACCGUACUGAUACC 1021 S-1008 CCUGCUAGCACCAUGCUUACC 1022 S-1009 GUUUAUGAACUGAUCUUAACC 1023 S-1010 GUGUUAGACGGUACUGAUACC 1024 S-1011 CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUACC 1025 S-1011dt CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUAdTdT 1026 S-1012 GUUUAUGAACUGAUCUUGCCC 1027 S-1013 GUUUAUGAACUGAUCUUGGCC 1028 S-1014 GUUUAUGAACUGAUCUUGACC 1029 S-1015 GCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUCCC 1030 S-1016 UCCAGGUUUAUGAACUGACCC 1031 S-1017 GGUUUAUGAACUGACGUUCCC 1032 S-1018 CCACAAUGUUGUGACUGGCCC 1033 S-1019 GUCACAAAGAACCGUGUACCC 1034 S-1020 UGAACCUCUUGUUAUAAACCC 1035 S-1021 CCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGCCC 1036 S-1022 GCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUGCC 1037 S-1023 UCCAGGUUUAUGAACUGAGCC 1038 S-1024 GGUUUAUGAACUGACGUUGCC 1039 S-1025 CCACAAUGUUGUGACUGGGCC 1040 S-1026 GUCACAAAGAACCGUGUAGCC 1041 S-1027 UGAACCUCUUGUUAUAAAGCC 1042 S-1028 CCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGGCC 1043 S-1029 GCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUACC 1044 S-1029dt GCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUAdTdT 1045 S-1030 UCCAGGUUUAUGAACUGAACC 1046 S-1030dt UCCAGGUUUAUGAACUGAAdTdT 1047 S-1031 GGUUUAUGAACUGACGUUACC 1048 S-1032 CCACAAUGUUGUGACUGGACC 1049 S-1033 GUCACAAAGAACCGUGUAACC 1050 S-1034 UGAACCUCUUGUUAUAAAACC 1051 S-1034dt UGAACCUCUUGUUAUAAAAdTdT 1052 S-1035 CCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGACC 1053 S-1035dt CCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGAdTdT 1054 S-1036 GCAAUUCAGACUCGUUGUACC 1055 S-1037 UCCAGGUUUUUGAACUGAACC 1056 S-1038 GGUUUAUGAUCUGACGUUACC 1057 S-1039 CCACAAUGUAGUGACUGGACC 1058 S-1040 GUCACAAAGUACCGUGUAACC 1059 S-1041 UGAACCUCUAGUUAUAAAACC 1060 S-1042 CCGACAACCUGUAUUUGGACC 1061 S-1043 CAUUGGAAUUCCUAAAAUUCC 1062 S-1044 GAUCAUUGGAAUUCCUAAUCC 1063 S-1045 CAUUGGAAUUCCUAAAAUGCC 1064 S-1046 GAUCAUUGGAAUUCCUAAGCC 1065 S-1047 CAUUGGAAUUCCUAAAAUACC 1066 S-1047dt CAUUGGAAUUCCUAAAAUAdTdT 1067 S-1048 GAUCAUUGGAAUUCCUAAACC 1068 S-1048dt GAUCAUUGGAAUUCCUAAAdTdT 1069 S-1049 CAUUGGAAUACCUAAAAUACC 1070 S-1050 GAUCAUUGGUAUUCCUAAACC 1071 S-1051dt GUUUAUGAACUGACGUUAAdTdT 1072 S-1052dt GUGUUAGACGGUACCGACAdTdT 1073 S-1053dt AUAUCAGUAAAGAGAUUAAdTdT 1074 S-1054dt GGUUUAUGAACUGACGUUAdTdT 1075 S-1055dt CCACAAUGUUGUGACCGGAdTdT 1076 S-1056dt GUCACAAAGAACCGUGCAAdTdT 1077 S-1057dt CAUUGGAAUUCCUAAAAUCdTdT 1078 S-1058 CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUGCU 1079 S-1059 CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUGAU 1080 S-1060 CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUAUU 1081 S-1061 CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUGUU 1082 S-1062 UUCGAGUCCCUCAAGUAGCU 1083 S-1063 UUCGAGUCCCUCAAGUAGCUUU 1084 S-1064 UCGAGUCCCUCAAGUCCAUUCU 1085 S-1065 UUCCAGUCCAUCAAGUCAAUU 1086 S-1066 UUCCGAGUCUAAAAGUCCUUGG 1087 S-1067 UUCCGAGUCUAAAAGUCCUUGGC 1088 S-1068 CUUCCGAGUCUAAAAGUCCUUGG 1089 S-1069 UUCCGAGUCUAAAAGUCCUUGGU 1090 S-1070 UUCCGAGUCUAAAAGUCCUUGGCU 1091 S-1071 UCCAAUGUGAAACUUCAUCGGCU 1092 S-1072 UCCAAUGUGAAACUUCAUCGGC 1093 S-1073 AUCCAAUGUGAAACUUCAUCGU 1094 S-1074 AUCCAAUGUGAAACUUCAUCGGU 1095 S-1075 UCCAAUGUGAAACUUCAUCGGU 1096 S-1076 UCCAAUGUGAAACUUCAUCGGCUU 1097 S-1077 AUCUACUGUGAAAAUUCAUCGG 1098 S-1078 UCUACUGUGAAAAUUCAUCGG 1099 S-1079 UCUACUGUGAAAAUUCAUCGGC 1100 S-1080 AUCUACUGUGAAAAUUCAUCGGU 1101 S-1081 UCUACUGUGAAAAUUCAUCGGU 1102 S-1082 UCUACUGUGAAAAUUCAUCGGCU 1103 S-1083 CCUUCGGUCCUCAAGUCCUUCA 1104 S-1084 UUCGAGUCCAUCAAAUCCUAUAGU 1105 S-1085 UACAAUGUGUGCACUUAUAU 1106 S-1086 UAUACUGUGUGCAAUUCAUUUCU 1107 S-1087 GCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUCC 1108 S-1088 GCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUC 1109 S-1089 CAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUCCC 1110 S-1090 CAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUCC 1111 S-1091 GCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUGC 1112 S-1092 CAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUGCC 1113 S-1093 CCACAAUGUUGUGACUGGGCCU 1114 S-1094 CCACAAUGUUGUGACUGGGC 1115 S-1095 CACAAUGUUGUGACUGGGCC 1116 S-1096 UGAACCUCUUGUUAUAAAGCCU 1117 S-1097 UGAACCUCUUGUUAUAAAGC 1118 S-1098 GAACCUCUUGUUAUAAAGCC 1119 S-1099 CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUGCCU 1120 S-1100 CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUGC 1121 S-1101 CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUG 1122 S-1102 CUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUGCC 1123 S-1103 CCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGGCCU 1124 S-1104 CCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGGC 1125 S-1105 CCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGG 1126 S-1106 CGACAACCAGUAUUUGGGCC 1127 S-1107 CGACAACCAGUAUUUGGGC 1128 S-1108 GCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUACCU 1129 S-1109 GCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUAC 1130 S-1110 GCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUA 1131 S-1111 CAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUACC 1132 S-1112 GCAAUUCAGACUCGUUGUACCU 1133 S-1113 GCAAUUCAGACUCGUUGUAC 1134 S-1114 GCAAUUCAGACUCGUUGUA 1135 S-1115 CAAUUCAGACUCGUUGUACC 1136 S-1116 AGCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUACC 1137 S-1117 AGCAAUUCAGUCUCGUUGUAC 1138 S-1118 AGGUUUAUGAACUGACGUUAC 1139 S-1119 AGGUUUAUGAACUGACGUUACC 1140 S-1120 ACCACAAUGUUGUGACUGGAC 1141 S-1121 ACCACAAUGUUGUGACUGGACC 1142 S-1122 CCACAAUGUUGUGACUGGACCGU 1143 S-1123 CCACAAUGUUGUGACUGGACCG 1144 S-1124 CCACAAUGUUGUGACUGGAC 1145 S-1125 CACAAUGUUGUGACUGGACC 1146 S-1126 ACCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUCCC 1147 S-1127 ACCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUCC 1148 S-1128 ACCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUC 1149 S-1129 CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUCC 1150 S-1130 CCUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUC 1151 S-1131 CUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUCCC 1152 S-1132 CUGCUAGCUCCAUGCUUCC 1153 S-1133 ACCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGACC 1154 S-1134 ACCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGAC 1155 S-1135 CCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGACCGU 1156 S-1136 CCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGACCGU 1157 S-1137 CCGACAACCAGUAUUUGGAC 1158 S-1138 CGACAACCAGUAUUUGGACC 1159 S-1139 CCUGCUAGCACCGUGCUUACC 1160

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules of the present invention may comprise an antisense sequence from Table 2 and a sense sequence from Table 3, or a fragment or variant thereof. As a non-limiting example, the antisense sequence and the sense sequence have at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-99%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-99%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-99%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-99%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-99%, 70-80%, 70-900%, 70-950%, 70-990%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-99%, 90-95%, 90-99% or 95-99% complementarity.

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules of the present invention may comprise the sense and antisense siRNA duplex as described in Tables 4-6. As a non-limiting example, these siRNA duplexes may be tested for in vitro inhibitory activity on endogenous HTT gene expression. The start site for the sense and antisense sequence is compared to HTT gene sequence known as NM_002111.7 (SEQ ID NO: 1425) from NCBI.

TABLE 4 Sense and antisense strand sequences of HTT dsRNA Sense  Antisense  siRNA Strand SS Strand AS Duplex Start Sequence  SEQ Start Sequence  SEQ ID SS ID SS (5′-3′) ID AS ID AS (5′-3′) ID D-3566 S-1058 6751 CCUGCUAGCUC 1079 A-2002 6751 UAACCAUGGAG 918 CAUGCUUGCU CUAGCAGGUU D-3567 S-1058 6751 CCUGCUAGCUC 1079 A-2014 6748 UAAGCAUGGAG 940 CAUGCUUGCU CUAGCAGGCUU D-3568 S-1059 6751 CCUGCUAGCUC 1080 A-2002 6751 UAAGCAUGGAG 918 CAUGCUUGAU CUAGCAGGUU D-3569 S-1060 6751 CCUGCUAGCUC 1081 A-2015 6751 UAAGCAUGGAG 941 CAUGCUUAUU CUAGCAGGGU D-3570 S-1061 6751 CCUGCUAGCUC 1082 A-2002 6751 UAAGCAUGGAG 918 CAUGCUUGUU CUAGCAGGUU D-3500 S-1016 1386 UCCAGGUUUAU 1031 A-2004 1386 UUCAGUUCAUA 922 GAACUGACCC AACCUGGAUU D-3501 S-1023 1386 UCCAGGUUUAU 1038 A-2004 1386 UUCAGUUCAUA 922 GAACUGAGCC AACCUGGAUU D-3502 S-1030 1386 UCCAGGUUUAU 1046 A-2004 1386 UUCAGUUCAUA 922 GAACUGAACC AACCUGGAUU D-3503 S-1037 1386 UCCAGGUUUUU 1056 A-2004 1386 UUCAGUUCAUA 922 GAACUGAACC AACCUGGAUU D-3504 S-1030 1386 UCCAGGUUUAU 1046 A-2001 2066 UGUCGGUACCG 916 GAACUGAACC UCUAACACUU D-3505 S-1017 1390 GGUUUAUGAAC 1032 A-2005 1389 UAACGUCAGUU 924 UGACGUUCCC CAUAAACCUU D-3506 S-1024 1390 GGUUUAUGAAC 1039 A-2005 1389 UAACGUCAGUU 924 UGACGUUGCC CAUAAACCUU D-3507 S-1031 1390 GGUUUAUGAAC 1048 A-2005 1389 UAACGUCAGUU 924 UGACGUUACC CAUAAACCUU D-3508 S-1038 1390 GGUUUAUGAUC 1057 A-2005 1389 UAACGUCAGUU 924 UGACGUUACC CAUAAACCUU D-3509 S-1000 1391 GUUUAUGAACU 1014 A-2000 1391 UUAACGUCAGU 914 GAUCUUACCC UCAUAAACUU D-3510 S-1003 1391 GUUUAUGAACU 1017 A-2000 1391 UUAACGUCAGU 914 GAUCUUAGCC UCAUAAACUU D-3511 S-1006 1391 GUUUAUGAAG 1020 A-2000 1391 UUAACGUCAGU 914 UGAUCUUAACC UCAUAAACUU D-3512 S-1009 1391 GUUUAUGAACU 1023 A-2000 1391 UUAACGUCAGU 914 GAUCUUAACC UCAUAAACUU D-3513 S-1012 1391 GUUUAUGAACU 1027 A-2000 1391 UUAACGUCAGU 914 GAUCUUGCCC UCAUAAACUU D-3514 S-1013 1391 GUUUAUGAACU 1028 A-2000 1391 UUAACGUCAGU 914 GAUCUUGGCC UCAUAAACUU D-3515 S-1014 1391 GUUUAUGAACU 1029 A-2000 1391 UUAACGUCAGU 914 GAUCUUGACC UCAUAAACUU D-3516 S-1018 1429 CCACAAUGUUG 1033 A-2006 1428 UCCGGUCACAA 926 UGACUGGCCC CAUUGUGGUU D-3517 S-1025 1429 CCACAAUGUUG 1040 A-2006 1428 UCCGGUCACAA 926 UGACUGGGCC CAUUGUGGUU D-3518 S-1032 1429 CCACAAUGUUG 1049 A-2006 1428 UCCGGUCACAA 926 UGACUGGACC CAUUGUGGUU D-3519 S-1039 1429 CCACAAUGUAG 1058 A-2006 1428 UCCGGUCACAA 926 UGACUGGACC CAUUGUGGUU D-3520 S-1001 2066 GUGUUAGACGG 1015 A-2001 2066 UGUCGGUACCG 916 UACUGAUCCC UCUAACACUU D-3521 S-1004 2066 GUGUUAGACGG 1018 A-2001 2066 UGUCGGUACCG 916 UACUGAUGCC UCUAACACUU D-3522 S-1007 2066 GUGUUAGACCG 1021 A-2001 2066 UGUCGGUACCG 916 UACUGAUACC UCUAACACUU D-3523 S-1010 2066 GUGUUAGACGG 1024 A-2001 2066 UGUCGGUACCG 916 UACUGAUACC UCUAACACUU D-3524 S-1021 2079 CCGACAACCAG 1036 A-2009 2078 UCCAAAUACUG 932 UAUUUGGCCC GUUGUCGGUU D-3525 S-1028 2079 CCGACAACCAG 1043 A-2009 2078 UCCAAAUACUG 932 UAUUUGGGCC GUUGUCGGUU D-3526 S-1035 2079 CCGACAACCAG 1053 A-2009 2078 UCCAAAUACUG 932 UAUUUGGACC GUUGUCGGUU D-3527 S-1042 2079 CCGACAACCUG 1061 A-2009 2078 UCCAAAUACUG 932 UAUUUGGACC GUUGUCGGUU D-3528 S-1019 4544 GUCACAAAGAA 1034 A-2007 4544 UUGCACGGUUC 928 CCGUGUACCC UUUGUGACUU D-3529 S-1026 4544 GUCACAAAGAA 1041 A-2007 4544 UUGCACGGUUC 928 CCGUGUAGCC UUUGUGACUU D-3530 S-1033 4544 GUCACAAAGAA 1050 A-2007 4544 UUGCACGGUUC 928 CCGUGUAACC UUUGUGACUU D-3531 S-1040 4544 GUCACAAAGUA 1059 A-2007 4544 UUGCACGGUUC 928 CCGUGUAACC UUUGUGACUU D-3532 S-1020 4597 UGAACCUCUUG 1035 A-2008 4597 UUUUAUAACAA 930 UUAUAAACCC GAGGUUCAUU D-3533 S-1027 4597 UGAACCUCUUG 1042 A-2008 4597 UUUUAUAACAA 930 UUAUAAAGCC GAGGUUCAUU D-3534 S-1034 4597 UGAACCUCUUG 1051 A-2008 4597 UUUUAUAACAA 930 UUAUAAAACC GAGGUUCAUU D-3535 S-1041 4597 UGAACCUCUAG 1060 A-2008 4597 UUUUAUAACAA 930 UUAUAAAACC GAGGUUCAUU D-3536 S-1044 4861 GAUCAUUGGAA 1063 A-2011 4860 UUUAGGAAUUC 936 UUCCUAAUCC CAAUGAUCUU D-3537 S-1046 4861 GAUCAUUGGAA 1065 A-2011 4860 UUUAGGAAUUC 936 UUCCUAAGCC CAAUGAUCUU D-3538 S-1048 4861 GAUCAUUGGAA 1068 A-2011 4860 UUUAGGAAUUC 936 UUCCUAAACC CAAUGAUCUU D-3539 S-1050 4861 GAUCAUUGGUA 1071 A-2011 4860 UUUAGGAAUUC 936 UUCCUAAACC CAAUGAUCUU D-3540 S-1043 4864 CAUUGGAAUUC 1062 A-2010 4864 UAUUUUAGGA 934 CUAAAAUUCC AUUCCAAUGUU D-3541 S-1045 4864 CAUUGGAAUUC 1064 A-2010 4864 UAUUUUAGGA 934 CUAAAAUGCC AUUCCAAUGUU D-3542 S-1047 4864 CAUUGGAAUUC 1066 A-2010 4864 UAUUUUAGGA 934 CUAAAAUACC AUUCCAAUGUU D-3543 S-1049 4864 CAUUGGAAUAC 1070 A-2010 4864 UAUUUUAGGA 934 CUAAAAUACC AUUCCAAUGUU D-3544 S-1015 6188 GCAAUUCAGUC 1030 A-2003 6188 UACAACGAGAC 920 UCGUUGUCCC UGAAUUGCUU D-3545 S-1022 6188 GCAAUUCAGUC 1037 A-2003 6188 UACAACGAGAC 920 UCGUUGUGCC UGAAUUGCUU D-3546 S-1029 6188 GCAAUUCAGUC 1044 A-2003 6188 UACAACGAGAC 920 UCGUUGUACC UGAAUUGCUU D-3547 S-1036 6188 GCAAUUCAGAC 1055 A-2003 6188 UACAACGAGAC 920 UCGUUGUACC UGAAUUGCUU D-3548 S-1002 6751 CCUGCUAGCUC 1016 A-2002 6751 UAAGCAUGGAG 918 CAUGCUUCCC CUAGCAGGUU D-3549 S-1005 6751 CCUGCUAGCUC 1019 A-2002 6751 UAAGCAUGGAG 918 CAUGCUUGCC CUAGCAGGUU D-3550 S-1008 6751 CCUGCUAGCAC 1022 A-2002 6751 UAAGCAUGGAG 918 CAUGCUUACC CUAGCAGGUU D-3551 S-1011 6751 CCUGCUAGCUC 1025 A-2002 6751 UAAGCAUGGAG 918 CAUGCUUACC CUAGCAGGUU

TABLE 5 Sense and antisense strand sequences of HTT dsRNA Sense  Antisense  siRNA Strand SS Strand AS Duplex Start Sequence  SEQ Start Sequence  SEQ ID SS ID SS (5′-3′) ID AS ID AS (5′-3′) ID D-3552 S-1051dt  1391 GUUUAUGAACUG 1072 A-2000dt  1391 UUAACGUCAGUU 915 ACGUUAAdTdT CAUAAACdTdT D-3553 S-1052dt  2066 GUGUUAGACGGU 1073 A-2001dt  2066 UGUCGGUACCGU 917 ACCGACAdTdT CUAACACdTdT D-3554 S-1011dt  6751 CCUGCUAGCUCC 1026 A-2002dt  6751 UAAGCAUGGAGC 919 AUGCUUAdTdT UAGCAGGdTdT D-3555 S-1053dt 10322 AUAUCAGUAAAG 1074 A-2012dt 10322 UUAAUCUCUUUA 938 AGAUUAAdTdT CUGAUAUdTdT D-3556 S-1030dt  1386 UCCAGGUUUAUG 1047 A-2004dt  1386 UUCAGUUCAUAA 923 AACUGAAdTdT ACCUGGAdTdT D-3557 S-1054dt  1390 GGUUUAUGAACU 1075 A-2005dt  1390 UAACGUCAGUUC 925 GACGUUAdTdT AUAAACCdTdT D-3558 S-1055dt  1429 CCACAAUGUUGU 1076 A-2006dt  1429 UCCGGUCACAAC 927 GACCGGAdTdT AUUGUGGdTdT D-3559 S-1035dt  2079 CCGACAACCAGU 1054 A-2009dt  2079 UCCAAAUACUGG 933 AUUUGGAdTdT UUGUCGGdTdT D-3560 S-1056dt  4544 GUCACAAAGAAC 1077 A-2007dt  4544 UUGCACGGUUCU 929 CGUGCAAdTdT UUGUGACdTdT D-3561 S-1034dt  4597 UGAACCUCUUGU 1052 A-2008dt  4597 UUUUAUAACAAG 931 UAUAAAAdTdT AGGUUCAdTdT D-3562 S-1029dt  6188 GCAAUUCAGUCU 1045 A-2003dt  6188 UACAACGAGACU 921 CGUUGUAdTdT GAAUUGCdTdT D-3563 S-1047dt  4864 CAUUGGAAUUCC 1067 A-2010dt  4864 UAUUUUAGGAAU 935 UAAAAUAdTdT UCCAAUGdTdT D-3564 S-1048dt  4861 GAUCAUUGGAAU 1069 A-2011dt  4861 UUUAGGAAUUCC 937 UCCUAAAdTdT AAUGAUCdTdT D-3565 S-1057dt  4864 CAUUGGAAUUCC 1078 A-2013dt  4864 GAUUUUAGGAAU 939 UAAAAUCdTdT UCCAAUGdTdT

TABLE 6 Antisense and Sense strand sequences of HTT dsRNA Antisense  Sense  siRNA Strand AS Strand SS Duplex Start Sequence  SEQ Start Sequence  SEQ ID AS ID AS (5′-3′) ID SS ID SS (5′-3′) ID D-3569 S-1060 6751 CCUGCUAGCUC 1081 A-2015 6751 UAAGCAUGGAG 941 CAUGCUUAUU CUAGCAGGGU D-3570 S-1061 6751 CCUGCUAGCUC 1082 A-2002 6751 UAAGCAUGGAG 918 CAUGCUUGUU CUAGCAGGUU

In other embodiments, the siRNA molecules of the present invention can be encoded in plasmid vectors, AAV particles, viral genome or other nucleic acid expression vectors for delivery to a cell.

DNA expression plasmids can be used to stably express the siRNA duplexes or dsRNA of the present invention in cells and achieve long-term inhibition of the target gene expression. In one aspect, the sense and antisense strands of a siRNA duplex are typically linked by a short spacer sequence leading to the expression of a stem-loop structure termed short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The hairpin is recognized and cleaved by Dicer, thus generating mature siRNA molecules.

According to the present invention, AAV particles comprising the nucleic acids encoding the siRNA molecules targeting HTT mRNA are produced, the AAV serotypes may be any of the serotypes listed in Table 1. Non-limiting examples of the AAV serotypes include, AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV9.47, AAV9(hu14), AAV10, AAV11, AAV12, AAVrh8, AAVrh10, AAV-DJ8, AAV-DJ, AAV-PHP.A, and/or AAV-PHP.B, and variants thereof.

In some embodiments, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA of the present invention suppress (or degrade) target mRNA (e.g., HTT). Accordingly, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA can be used to substantially inhibit HTT gene expression in a cell, for example a neuron. In some aspects, the inhibition of HTT gene expression refers to an inhibition by at least about 20%, preferably by at least about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-600%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. Accordingly, the protein product of the targeted gene may be inhibited by at least about 20%, preferably by at least about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%.

According to the present invention, the siRNA molecules are designed and tested for their ability in reducing HTT mRNA levels in cultured cells. Such siRNA molecules may form a duplex such as, but not limited to, include those listed in Table 4, Table 5 or Table 6. As a non-limiting example, the siRNA duplexes may be siRNA duplex IDs: D-3500 to D-3570.

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules comprise a miRNA seed match for the target (e.g., HTT) located in the guide strand. In another embodiment, the siRNA molecules comprise a miRNA seed match for the target (e.g., HTT) located in the passenger strand. In yet another embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting HTT gene do not comprise a seed match for the target (e.g., HTT) located in the guide or passenger strand.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting HTT gene may have almost no significant full-length off target effects for the guide strand. In another embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting HTT gene may have almost no significant full-length off target effects for the passenger strand. The siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting HTT gene may have less than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%,11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 1-5%, 2-6%, 3-7%, 4-8%, 5-9%, 5-10%, 6-10%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25%, 5-30%, 10-20%, 10-30%, 10-40%, 10-50%, 15-30%, 15-40%, 15-45%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 25-50%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 35-50%, 40-50%, 45-50% full-length off target effects for the passenger strand. In yet another embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting HTT gene may have almost no significant full-length off target effects for the guide strand or the passenger strand. The siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting HTT gene may have less than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 1-5%, 2-6%, 3-7%, 4-8%, 5-9%, 5-10%, 6-10%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25%, 5-30%, 10-20%, 10-30%, 10-40%, 10-50%, 15-30%, 15-40%, 15-45%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 25-50%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 35-50%, 40-50%, 45-50% full-length off target effects for the guide or passenger strand.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting HTT gene may have high activity in vitro. In another embodiment, the siRNA molecules may have low activity in vitro. In yet another embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or dsRNA targeting the HTT gene may have high guide strand activity and low passenger strand activity in vitro.

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules have a high guide strand activity and low passenger strand activity in vitro. The target knock-down (KD) by the guide strand may be at least 40%, 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5% or 100%. The target knock-down by the guide strand may be 40-50%, 45-50%, 50-55%, 50-60%, 60-65%, 60-70%, 60-75%, 60-80%, 60-85%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-99%, 60-99.5%, 60-100%, 65-70%, 65-75%, 65-80%, 65-85%, 65-90%, 65-95%, 65-99%, 65-99.5%, 65-100%, 70-75%, 70-80%, 70-85%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-99%, 70-99.5%, 70-100%, 75-80%, 75-85%, 75-90%, 75-95%, 75-99%, 75-99.5%, 75-100%, 80-85%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-99%, 80-99.5%, 80-100%, 85-90%, 85-95%, 85-99%, 85-99.5%, 85-100%, 90-95%, 90-99%, 90-99.5%, 90-100%, 95-99%, 95-99.5%, 95-1000%, 99-99.5%, 99-100% or 99.5-100%. As a non-limiting example, the target knock-down (KD) by the guide strand is greater than 70%. As a non-limiting example, the target knock-down (KD) by the guide strand is greater than 60%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplex is designed so there is no miRNA seed match for the sense or antisense sequence to non-Htt sequence.

In one embodiment, the IC₅₀ of the guide strand for the nearest off target is greater than 100 multiplied by the IC₅₀ of the guide strand for the on-target gene, Htt. As a non-limiting example, if the IC₅₀ of the guide strand for the nearest off target is greater than 100 multiplied by the IC₅₀ of the guide strand for the target then the siRNA molecule is said to have high guide strand selectivity for inhibiting Htt in vitro.

In one embodiment, the 5′ processing of the guide strand has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% or 100% of the time in vitro or in vivo. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 99% of the time in vitro. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 99% of the time in vivo. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 90% of the time in vitro. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 90% of the time in vivo. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 85% of the time in vitro. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ processing of the guide strand is precise and has a correct start (n) at the 5′ end at least 85% of the time in vivo.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is 1:10, 1:9, 1:8, 1:7, 1:6, 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2, 1.1, 2:10, 2:9, 2:8, 2:7, 2:6, 2:5, 2:4, 2:3, 2:2, 2:1, 3:10, 3:9, 3:8, 3:7, 3:6, 3:5, 3:4, 3:3, 3:2, 3:1, 4:10, 4:9, 4:8, 4:7, 4:6, 4:5, 4:4, 4:3, 4:2, 4:1, 5:10, 5:9, 5:8, 5:7, 5:6, 5:5, 5:4, 5:3, 5:2, 5:1, 6:10, 6:9, 6:8, 6:7, 6:6, 6:5, 6:4, 6:3, 6:2, 6:1, 7:10, 7:9, 7:8, 7:7, 7:6, 7:5, 7:4, 7:3, 7:2, 7:1, 8:10, 8:9, 8:8, 8:7, 8:6, 8:5, 8:4, 8:3, 8:2, 8:1, 9:10, 9:9, 9:8, 9:7, 9:6, 9:5, 9:4, 9:3, 9:2, 9:1, 10:10, 10:9, 10:8, 10:7, 10:6, 10:5, 10:4, 10:3, 10:2, 10:1, 1:99, 5:95, 10:90, 15:85, 20:80, 25:75, 30:70, 35:65, 40:60, 45:55, 50:50, 55:45, 60:40, 65:35, 70:30, 75:25, 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, 95:5, or 99:1 in vitro or m vivo. The guide to passenger ratio refers to the ratio of the guide strands to the passenger strands after intracellular processing of the pri-microRNA. For example, a 80:20 guide-to-passenger ratio would have 8 guide strands to every 2 passenger strands processed from the precursor. As a non-limiting example, the guide-to-passenger strand ratio is 8:2 in vitro. As a non-limiting example, the guide-to-passenger strand ratio is 8:2 in vivo. As a non-limiting example, the guide-to-passenger strand ratio is 9:1 in vitro. As a non-limiting example, the guide-to-passenger strand ratio is 9:1 in vivo.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 1.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 2.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 5.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 10.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 20.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 50.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is at least 3:1.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is at least 5:1.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is at least 10:1.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is at least 20:1.

In one embodiment, the guide to passenger (G:P) (also referred to as the antisense to sense) strand ratio expressed is at least 50:1.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is 1:10, 1:9, 1:8, 1:7, 1:6, 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2, 1, 1, 2:10, 2:9, 2:8, 2:7, 2:6, 2:5, 2:4, 2:3, 2:2, 2:1, 3:10, 3:9, 3:8, 3:7, 3:6, 3:5, 3:4, 3:3, 3:2, 3:1, 4:10, 4:9, 4:8, 4:7, 4:6, 4:5, 4:4, 4:3, 4:2, 4:1, 5:10, 5:9, 5:8, 5:7, 5:6, 5:5, 5:4, 5:3, 5:2, 5:1, 6:10, 6:9, 6:8, 6:7, 6:6, 6:5, 6:4, 6:3, 6:2, 6:1, 7:10, 7:9, 7:8, 7:7, 7:6, 7:5, 7:4, 7:3, 7:2, 7:1, 8:10, 8:9, 8:8, 8:7, 8:6, 8:5, 8:4, 8:3, 8:2, 8:1, 9:10, 9:9, 9:8, 9:7, 9:6, 9:5, 9:4, 9:3, 9:2, 9:1, 10:10, 10:9, 10:8, 10:7, 10:6, 10:5, 10:4, 10:3, 10:2, 10:1, 1:99, 5:95, 10:90, 15:85, 20:80, 25:75, 30:70, 35:65, 40:60, 45:55, 50:50, 55:45, 60:40, 65:35, 70:30, 75:25, 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, 95:5, or 99:1 in vitro or in vivo. The passenger to guide ratio refers to the ratio of the passenger strands to the guide strands after the intracellular processing of the pri-microRNA. For example, a 80:20 of passenger-to-guide ratio would have 8 passenger strands to every 2 guide strands processed from the precursor. As a non-limiting example, the passenger-to-guide strand ratio is 80:20 in vitro. As a non-limiting example, the passenger-to-guide strand ratio is 80:20 in vivo. As a non-limiting example, the passenger-to-guide strand ratio is 8:2 in vitro. As a non-limiting example, the passenger-to-guide strand ratio is 8:2 in vivo. As a non-limiting example, the passenger-to-guide strand ratio is 9:1 m vitro. As a non-limiting example, the passenger-to-guide strand ratio is 9:1 in vivo.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 1.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 2.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 5.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 10.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 20.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is greater than 50.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is at least 3:1.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is at least 5:1.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is at least 10:1.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is at least 20:1.

In one embodiment, the passenger to guide (P:G) (also referred to as the sense to antisense) strand ratio expressed is at least 50:1.

In one embodiment, a passenger-guide strand duplex is considered effective when the pri- or pre-microRNAs demonstrate, but methods known in the art and described herein, greater than 2-fold guide to passenger strand ratio when processing is measured. As a non-limiting examples, the pri- or pre-microRNAs demonstrate great than 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 11-fold, 12-fold, 13-fold, 14-fold, 15-fold, or 2 to 5-fold, 2 to 10-fold, 2 to 15-fold, 3 to 5-fold, 3 to 10-fold, 3 to 15-fold, 4 to 5-fold, 4 to 10-fold, 4 to 15-fold, 5 to 10-fold, 5 to 15-fold, 6 to 10-fold, 6 to 15-fold, 7 to 10-fold, 7 to 15-fold, 8 to 10-fold, 8 to 15-fold, 9 to 10-fold, 9 to 15-fold, 10 to 15-fold, 11 to 15-fold, 12 to 15-fold, 13 to 15-fold, or 14 to 15-fold guide to passenger strand ratio when processing is measured.

In one embodiment, the vector genome encoding the dsRNA comprises a sequence which is at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% or more than 99% of the full length of the construct. As a non-limiting example, the vector genome comprises a sequence which is at least 80% of the full length sequence of the construct.

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type or mutant HTT by targeting at least one exon on the htt sequence. The exon may be exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, exon 16, exon 17, exon 18, exon 19, exon 20, exon 21, exon 22, exon 23, exon 24, exon 25, exon 26, exon 27, exon 28, exon 29, exon 30, exon 31, exon 32, exon 33, exon 34, exon 35, exon 36, exon 37, exon 38, exon 39, exon 40, exon 41, exon 42, exon 43, exon 44, exon 45, exon 46, exon 47, exon 48, exon 49, exon 50, exon 51, exon 52, exon 53, exon 54, exon 55, exon 56, exon 57, exon 58, exon 59, exon 60, exon 61, exon 62, exon 63, exon 64, exon 65, exon 66, and/or exon 67. As a non-limiting example, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type or mutant HTT by targeting exon 1. As another non-limiting example, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type or mutant HTT by targeting an exon other than exon 1. As another non-limiting example, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type or mutant HTT by targeting exon 50. As another non-limiting example, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type or mutant HTT by targeting exon 67.

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type and/or mutant HTT by targeting at least one exon on the htt sequence. The exon may be exon 1, exon 2, exon 3, exon 4, exon 5, exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, exon 10, exon 11, exon 12, exon 13, exon 14, exon 15, exon 16, exon 17, exon 18, exon 19, exon 20, exon 21, exon 22, exon 23, exon 24, exon 25, exon 26, exon 27, exon 28, exon 29, exon 30, exon 31, exon 32, exon 33, exon 34, exon 35, exon 36, exon 37, exon 38, exon 39, exon 40, exon 41, exon 42, exon 43, exon 44, exon 45, exon 46, exon 47, exon 48, exon 49, exon 50, exon 51, exon 52, exon 53, exon 54, exon 55, exon 56, exon 57, exon 58, exon 59, exon 60, exon 61, exon 62, exon 63, exon 64, exon 65, exon 66, and/or exon 67. As a non-limiting example, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type and/or mutant HTT by targeting exon 1. As another non-limiting example, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type and/or mutant HTT by targeting an exon other than exon 1. As another non-limiting example, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type and/or mutant HTT by targeting exon 50. As another non-limiting example, the siRNA molecules may be used to silence wild type and/or mutant HTT by targeting exon 67.

siRNA Modification

In some embodiments, the siRNA molecules of the present invention, when not delivered as a precursor or DNA, may be chemically modified to modulate some features of RNA molecules, such as, but not limited to, increasing the stability of siRNAs in vivo. The chemically modified siRNA molecules can be used in human therapeutic applications, and are improved without compromising the RNAi activity of the siRNA molecules. As a non-limiting example, the siRNA molecules modified at both the 3′ and the 5′ end of both the sense strand and the antisense strand.

In some aspects, the siRNA duplexes of the present invention may contain one or more modified nucleotides such as, but not limited to, sugar modified nucleotides, nucleobase modifications and/or backbone modifications. In some aspects, the siRNA molecule may contain combined modifications, for example, combined nucleobase and backbone modifications.

In one embodiment, the modified nucleotide may be a sugar-modified nucleotide. Sugar modified nucleotides include, but are not limited to 2′-fluoro, 2′-amino and 2′-thio modified ribonucleotides, e.g. 2′-fluoro modified ribonucleotides. Modified nucleotides may be modified on the sugar moiety, as well as nucleotides having sugars or analogs thereof that are not ribosyl. For example, the sugar moieties may be, or be based on, mannoses, arabinoses, glucopyranoses, galactopyranoses, 4′-thioribose, and other sugars, heterocycles, or carbocycles.

In one embodiment, the modified nucleotide may be a nucleobase-modified nucleotide.

In one embodiment, the modified nucleotide may be a backbone-modified nucleotide. In some embodiments, the siRNA duplexes of the present invention may further comprise other modifications on the backbone. A normal “backbone”, as used herein, refers to the repeating alternating sugar-phosphate sequences in a DNA or RNA molecule. The deoxyribose/ribose sugars are joined at both the 3′-hydroxyl and 5′-hydroxyl groups to phosphate groups in ester links, also known as “phosphodiester” bonds/linker (PO linkage). The PO backbones may be modified as “phosphorothioate backbone (PS linkage). In some cases, the natural phosphodiester bonds may be replaced by amide bonds but the four atoms between two sugar units are kept. Such amide modifications can facilitate the solid phase synthesis of oligonucleotides and increase the thermodynamic stability of a duplex formed with siRNA complement. See e.g. Mesmaeker et al., Pure & Appl. Chem., 1997, 3, 437-440; the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Modified bases refer to nucleotide bases such as, for example, adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil, xanthine, inosine, and queuosine that have been modified by the replacement or addition of one or more atoms or groups. Some examples of modifications on the nucleobase moieties include, but are not limited to, alkylated, halogenated, thiolated, aminated, amidated, or acetylated bases, individually or in combination. More specific examples include, for example, 5-propynyluridine, 5-propynylcytidine, 6-methyladenine, 6-methylguanine, N,N,-dimethyladenine, 2-propyladenine, 2-propylguanine, 2-aminoadenine, 1-methylinosine, 3-methyluridine, 5-methylcytidine, 5-methyluridine and other nucleotides having a modification at the 5 position, 5-(2-amino)propyl uridine, 5-halocytidine, 5-halouridine, 4-acetylcytidine, 1-methyladenosine, 2-methyladenosine, 3-methylcytidine, 6-methyluridine, 2-methylguanosine, 7-methylguanosine, 2,2-dimethylguanosine, 5-methylaminoethyluridine, 5-methyloxyuridine, deazanucleotides such as 7-deaza-adenosine, 6-azouridine, 6-azocytidine, 6-azothymidine, 5-methyl-2-thiouridine, other thio bases such as 2-thiouridine and 4-thiouridine and 2-thiocytidine, dihydrouridine, pseudouridine, queuosine, archaeosine, naphthyl and substituted naphthyl groups, any O- and N-alkylated purines and pyrimidines such as N6-methyladenosine, 5-methylcarbonylmethyluridine, uridine 5-oxyacetic acid, pyridine-4-one, pyridine-2-one, phenyl and modified phenyl groups such as aminophenol or 2,4,6-trimethoxy benzene, modified cytosines that act as G-clamp nucleotides, 8-substituted adenines and guanines, 5-substituted uracils and thymines, azapyrimidines, carboxyhydroxyalkyl nucleotides, carboxyalkylaminoalkyl nucleotides, and alkylcarbonylalkylated nucleotides.

In one embodiment, the modified nucleotides may be on just the sense strand.

In another embodiment, the modified nucleotides may be on just the antisense strand.

In some embodiments, the modified nucleotides may be in both the sense and antisense strands.

In some embodiments, the chemically modified nucleotide does not affect the ability of the antisense strand to pair with the target mRNA sequence, such as the HTT mRNA sequence.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may encode siRNA molecules which are polycistronic molecules. The siRNA molecules may additionally comprise one or more linkers between regions of the siRNA molecules.

Molecular Scaffold

In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules may be encoded in a modulatory polynucleotide which also comprises a molecular scaffold. As used herein a “molecular scaffold” is a framework or starting molecule that forms the sequence or structural basis against which to design or make a subsequent molecule.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold comprises at least one 5′ flanking region. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ flanking region may comprise a 5′ flanking sequence which may be of any length and may be derived in whole or in part from wild type microRNA sequence or be a completely artificial sequence.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold comprises at least one 3′ flanking region. As a non-limiting example, the 3′ flanking region may comprise a 3′ flanking sequence which may be of any length and may be derived in whole or in part from wild type microRNA sequence or be a completely artificial sequence.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold comprises at least one loop motif region. As a non-limiting example, the loop motif region may comprise a sequence which may be of any length.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold comprises a 5′ flanking region, a loop motif region and/or a 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, at least one siRNA, miRNA or other RNAi agent described herein, may be encoded by a modulatory polynucleotide which may also comprise at least one molecular scaffold. The molecular scaffold may comprise a 5′ flanking sequence which may be of any length and may be derived in whole or in part from wild type microRNA sequence or be completely artificial. The 3′ flanking sequence may mirror the 5′ flanking sequence and/or a 3′ flanking sequence in size and origin. Either flanking sequence may be absent. The 3′ flanking sequence may optionally contain one or more CNNC motifs, where “N” represents any nucleotide.

Forming the stem of a stem loop structure is a minimum of the modulatory polynucleotide encoding at least one siRNA, miRNA or other RNAi agent described herein. In some embodiments, the siRNA, miRNA or other RNAi agent described herein comprises at least one nucleic acid sequence which is in part complementary or will hybridize to a target sequence. In some embodiments the payload is an siRNA molecule or fragment of an siRNA molecule.

In some embodiments, the 5′ arm of the stem loop structure of the modulatory polynucleotide comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding a sense sequence. Non-limiting examples of sense sequences, or fragments or variants thereof, which may be encoded by the modulatory polynucleotide are described in Table 3.

In some embodiments, the 3′ arm of the stem loop of the modulatory polynucleotide comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an antisense sequence. The antisense sequence, in some instances, comprises a “G” nucleotide at the 5′ most end. Non-limiting examples of antisense sequences, or fragments or variants thereof, which may be encoded by the modulatory polynucleotide are described in Table 2.

In other embodiments, the sense sequence may reside on the 3′ arm while the antisense sequence resides on the 5′ arm of the stem of the stem loop structure of the modulatory polynucleotide. Non-limiting examples of sense and antisense sequences which may be encoded by the modulatory polynucleotide are described in Tables 2 and 3.

In one embodiment, the sense and antisense sequences may be completely complementary across a substantial portion of their length. In other embodiments the sense sequence and antisense sequence may be at least 70, 80, 90, 95 or 99% complementarity across independently at least 50, 60, 70, 80, 85, 90, 95, or 99% of the length of the strands.

Neither the identity of the sense sequence nor the homology of the antisense sequence need to be 100% complementarity to the target sequence.

In one embodiment, separating the sense and antisense sequence of the stem loop structure of the modulatory polynucleotide is a loop sequence (also known as a loop motif, linker or linker motif). The loop sequence may be of any length, between 4-30 nucleotides, between 4-20 nucleotides, between 4-15 nucleotides, between 5-15 nucleotides, between 6-12 nucleotides, 6 nucleotides, 7 nucleotides, 8 nucleotides, 9 nucleotides, 10 nucleotides, 11 nucleotides, 12 nucleotides, 13 nucleotides, 14 nucleotides, and/or 15 nucleotides.

In some embodiments, the loop sequence comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one UGUG motif. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence encoding the UGUG motif is located at the 5′ terminus of the loop sequence.

In one embodiment, spacer regions may be present in the modulatory polynucleotide to separate one or more modules (e.g., 5′ flanking region, loop motif region, 3′ flanking region, sense sequence, antisense sequence) from one another. There may be one or more such spacer regions present.

In one embodiment, a spacer region of between 8-20, i.e., 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 nucleotides may be present between the sense sequence and a flanking region sequence.

In one embodiment, the length of the spacer region is 13 nucleotides and is located between the 5′ terminus of the sense sequence and the 3′ terminus of the flanking sequence. In one embodiment, a spacer is of sufficient length to form approximately one helical turn of the sequence.

In one embodiment, a spacer region of between 8-20, i.e., 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 nucleotides may be present between the antisense sequence and a flanking sequence.

In one embodiment, the spacer sequence is between 10-13, i.e., 10, 11, 12 or 13 nucleotides and is located between the 3′ terminus of the antisense sequence and the 5′ terminus of a flanking sequence. In one embodiment, a spacer is of sufficient length to form approximately one helical turn of the sequence.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold of the modulatory polynucleotide comprises in the 5′ to 3′ direction, a 5′ flanking sequence, a 5′ arm, a loop motif, a 3′ arm and a 3′ flanking sequence. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ arm may comprise a nucleic acid sequence encoding a sense sequence and the 3′ arm comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding the antisense sequence. In another non-limiting example, the 5′ arm comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding the antisense sequence and the 3′ arm comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding the sense sequence.

In one embodiment, the 5′ arm, sense and/or antisense sequence, loop motif and/or 3′ arm sequence may be altered (e.g., substituting 1 or more nucleotides, adding nucleotides and/or deleting nucleotides). The alteration may cause a beneficial change in the function of the construct (e.g., increase knock-down of the target sequence, reduce degradation of the construct, reduce off target effect, increase efficiency of the payload, and reduce degradation of the payload).

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold of the modulatory polynucleotides is aligned in order to have the rate of excision of the guide strand (also referred to herein as the antisense strand) be greater than the rate of excision of the passenger strand (also referred to herein as the sense strand). The rate of excision of the guide or passenger strand may be, independently, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% or more than 99%. As a non-limiting example, the rate of excision of the guide strand is at least 80%. As another non-limiting example, the rate of excision of the guide strand is at least 90%.

In one embodiment, the rate of excision of the guide strand is greater than the rate of excision of the passenger strand. In one aspect, the rate of excision of the guide strand may be at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% or more than 99% greater than the passenger strand.

In one embodiment, the efficiency of excision of the guide strand is at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% or more than 99%. As a non-limiting example, the efficiency of the excision of the guide strand is greater than 80%.

In one embodiment, the efficiency of the excision of the guide strand is greater than the excision of the passenger strand from the molecular scaffold. The excision of the guide strand may be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more than 10 times more efficient than the excision of the passenger strand from the molecular scaffold.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold comprises a dual-function targeting modulatory polynucleotide. As used herein, a “dual-function targeting” modulatory polynucleotide is a polynucleotide where both the guide and passenger strands knock down the same target or the guide and passenger strands knock down different targets.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold of the modulatory polynucleotides described herein may comprise a 5′ flanking region, a loop motif region and a 3′ flanking region. Non-limiting examples of the sequences for the 5′ flanking region, loop motif region (may also be referred to as a linker region) and the 3′ flanking region which may be used, or fragments thereof used, in the modulatory polynucleotides described herein are shown in Tables 7-9.

TABLE 7 5′ Flanking Regions for Molecular Scaffold 5′  5′  Flanking Flanking Region  Region  Name 5′ Flanking Region Sequence SEQ ID 5F3 GTGCTGGGCGGGGGGCGGCGGGCCCTC 1163 CCGCAGAACACCATGCGCTCCACGGAA 5F1 GTGCTGGGCGGGGGGCGGCGGGCCCTC 1161 CCGCAGAACACCATGCGCTCTTCGGAA 5F2 GAAGCAAAGAAGGGGCAGAGGGAGCCC 1162 GTGAGCTGAGTGGGCCAGGGACTGGGA GAAGGAGTGAGGAGGCAGGGCCGGCAT GCCTCTGCTGCTGGCCAGA 5F4 GGGCCCTCCCGCAGAACACCATGCGCT 1164 CCACGGAA 5F5 CTCCCGCAGAACACCATGCGCTCCACG 1165 GAA 5F6 GTGCTGGGCGGGGGGCGGCGGGCCCTC 1166 CCGCAGAACACCATGCGCTCCACGGAA G 5F7 GTGCTGGGCGGGGGGCGGCGGGCCCTC 1167 CCGCAGAACACCATGCGCTCCTCGGAA

TABLE 8 Loop Motif Regions for Molecular Scaffold Loop  Loop  Motif Motif Region  Region  Name Loop Motif Region Sequence SEQ ID L5 GTGGCCACTGAGAAG 1172 L1 TGTGACCTGG 1168 L2 TGTGATTTGG 1169 L3 GTCTGCACCTGTCACTAG 1170 L4 GTGACCCAAG 1171 L6 GTGACCCAAT 1173 L7 GTGACCCAAC 1174 L8 GTGGCCACTGAGAAA 1175

TABLE 9 3′ Flanking Regions for Molecular Scaffold 3′  3′  Flanking Flanking Region  Region  Name 3′ Flanking Region Sequence SEQ ID 3F1 CTGAGGAGCGCCTTGACAGCAGCCAT 1178 GGGAGGGCCGCCCCCTACCTCAGTGA 3F2 CTGTGGAGCGCCTTGACAGCAGCCAT 1179 GGGAGGGCCGCCCCCTACCTCAGTGA 3F3 TGGCCGTGTAGTGCTACCCAGCGCTG 1180 GCTGCCTCCTCAGCATTGCAATTCCT CTCCCATCTGGGCACCAGTCAGCTAC  CCTGGTGGGAATCTGGGTAGCC 3F4 CTGAGGAGCGCCTTGACAGCAGCCAT 1181 GGGAGGGCC 3F5 CTGCGGAGCGCCTTGACAGCAGCCAT 1182 GGGAGGGCCGCCCCCTACCTCAGTGA

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5′ flanking region, fragment or variant thereof listed in Table 7. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ flanking region may be 5F1, 5F2, 5F3, 5F4, 5F5, 5F6, or 5F7.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F1 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F2 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F4 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F5 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F6 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F7 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one loop motif region, fragment or variant thereof listed in Table 8. As a non-limiting example, the loop motif region may be L1, L2, L3, LA, L5, L6, L7, or L8.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L1 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L2 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L3 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L4 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L5 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L6 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L7 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L8 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 3′ flanking region, fragment or variant thereof listed in Table 9. As a non-limiting example, the 3′ flanking region may be 3F1, 3F2, 3F3, 3F4, or 3F5.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 3F1 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 3F2 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 3F3 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 3F4 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 3F5 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5′ flanking region, fragment or variant thereof, and at least one loop motif region, fragment or variant thereof, as described in Tables 7 and 8. As a non-limiting example, the 5′ flanking region and the loop motif region may be 5F1 and L1, 5F1 and L2, 5F1 and L3, 5F1 and LA, 5F1 and L5. 5F1 and L6, 5F1 and L7, 5F1 and L8, 5F2 and L1, 5F2 and L2, 5F2 and L3, 5F2 and L4, 5F2 and L5, 5F2 and L6, 5F2 and L7, 5F2 and L5, 5F3 and L1, 5F3 and L2, 5F3 and L3, 5F3 and L4, 5F3 and L5, 5F3 and L6, 5F3 and L7, 5F3 and L8, 5F4 and L1, 5F4 and L2, 5F4 and L3, 5F4 and LA, 5F4 and L5, 5F4 and L6, 5F4 and L7, 5F4 and L8, 5F5 and L1, 5F5 and L2, 5F5 and L3, 5F5 and L4, 5F5 and L5, 5F5 and L6, 5F5 and L7, 5F5 and L8, 5F6 and L1, 5F6 and L2, 5F6 and L3, 5F6 and L4, 5F6 and L5, 5F6 and L6, 5F6 and L7, 5F6 and L8, 5F7 and L1, 5F7 and L2, 5F7 and L3, 5F7 and L4, 5F7 and L5, 5F7 and L6, 5F7 and L7, and 5F7 and L8.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F2 flanking region and at least one L1 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F1 flanking region and at least one L4 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F7 flanking region and at least one L8 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 flanking region and at least one L4 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 flanking region and at least one L5 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F4 flanking region and at least one L4 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 flanking region and at least one L7 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F5 flanking region and at least one L4 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F6 flanking region and at least one L4 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 flanking region and at least one L6 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F7 flanking region and at least one L4 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F2 flanking region and at least one L2 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F1 flanking region and at least one L1 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F1 flanking region and at least one L2 loop motif region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 3′ flanking region, fragment or variant thereof, and at least one motif region, fragment or variant thereof, as described in Tables 8 and 9. As a non-limiting example, the 3′ flanking region and the loop motif region may be 3F1 and L1, 3F1 and L2, 3F1 and L3, 3F1 and L4, 3F1 and L5, 3F1 and L6, 3F1 and L7, 3F1 and L8, 3F2 and L1, 3F2 and L2, 3F2 and L3, 3F2 and L4, 3F2 and L5, 3F2 and L6, 3F2 and L7, 3F2 and L8, 3F3 and L1, 3F3 and L2, 3F3 and L3, 3F3 and L4A, 3F3 and L5, 3F3 and L6, 3F3 and L7, 3F3 and L8, 3F4 and L1, 3F4 and L2, 3F4 and L3, 3F4 and L4, 3F4 and L5, 3F4 and L6, 3F4 and L7, 3F4 and L8, 3F5 and L1, 3F5 and L2, 3F5 and L3, 3F5 and L4, 3F5 and L5, 3F5 and L6, 3F5 and L7, and 3F5 and L8.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L1 loop motif region and at least one 3F2 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L4 loop motif region and at least one 3F1 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L8 loop motif region and at least one 3F5 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L5 loop motif region and at least 3F1 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L4 loop motif region and at least one 3F4 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L7 loop motif region and at least one 3F1 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L6 loop motif region and at least one 3F1 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L4 loop motif region and at least one 3F5 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L2 loop motif region and at least one 3F2 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L1 loop motif region and at least one 3F3 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L5 loop motif region and at least one 3F4 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L1 loop motif region and at least one 3F1 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one L2 loop motif region and at least one 3F1 flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5′ flanking region, fragment or variant thereof, and at least one 3′ flanking region, fragment or variant thereof, as described in Tables 7 and 9. As a non-limiting example, the flanking regions may be 5F1 and 3F1, 5F1 and 3F2, 5F1 and 3F3, 5F1 and 3F4, 5F1 and 3F5, 5F2 and 3F1, 5F2 and 3F2, 5F2 and 3F3, 5F2 and 3F4, 5F2 and 3F5, 5F3 and 3F1, 5F3 and 3F2, 5F3 and 3F3, 5F3 and 3F4, 5F3 and 3F5, 5F4 and 3F1, 5F4 and 3F2, 5F4 and 3F3, 5F4 and 3F4, 5F4 and 3F5, 5F5 and 3F1, 5F5 and 3F2, 5F5 and 3F3, 5F5 and 3F4, 5F5 and 3F5, 5F6 and 3F1, 5F6 and 3F2, 5F6 and 3F3, 5F6 and 3F4, 5F6 and 3F5, 5F7 and 3F1, 5F7 and 3F2, 5F7 and 3F3, 5F7 and 3F4, and 5F7 and 3F5.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F2 5′ flanking region and at least one 3F2 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F1 5′ flanking region and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F7 5′ flanking region and at least one 3F5 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 5′ flanking region and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F4 5′ flanking region and at least one 3F4 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F5 5′ flanking region and at least one 3F4 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F6 5′ flanking region and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F2 5′ flanking region and at least one 3F3 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 5′ flanking region and at least one 3F4 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F1 5′ flanking region and at least one 3F2 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5′ flanking region, fragment or variant thereof, at least one loop motif region, fragment or variant thereof, and at least one 3′ flanking region as described in Tables 7-9. As a non-limiting example, the flanking and loop motif regions may be 5F1, L1 and 3F1; 5F1, L1 and 3F2; 5F1, L1 and 3F3; 5F1, L1 and 3F4; 5F1, L1 and 3F5; 5F2, L1 and 3F1; 5F2, L1 and 3F2; 5F2, L1 and 3F3; 5F2, L1 and 3F4; 5F2, L1 and 3F5; 5F3, L1 and 3F3; 5F3, L1 and 3F2; 5F3, L1 and 3F3; 5F3, L1 and 3F4; 5F3, L1 and 3F5; 5F4, L1 and 3F4; 5F4, L1 and 3F2; 5F4, L1 and 3F3; 5F4, L1 and 3F4; 5F4, L1 and 3F5; 5F5, L1 and 3F1; 5F5, L1 and 3F2; 5F5, L1 and 3F3; 5F5, L1 and 3F4; 5F5, L1 and 3F5; 5F6, L1 and 3F1; 5F6, L1 and 3F2; 5F6, L1 and 3F3; 5F6, L1 and 3F4; 5F6, L1 and 3F5; 5F7, L1 and 3F1; 5F7, L1 and 3F2; 5F7, L1 and 3F3; 5F7, L1 and 3F4; 5F7, L1 and 3F5; 5F1, L2 and 3F1; 5F1, L2 and 3F2; 5F1, L2 and 3F3; 5F1, L2 and 3F4; 5F1, L2 and 3F5; 5F2, L2 and 3F1; 5F2, L2 and 3F2; 5F2, L2 and 3F3; 5F2, L2 and 3F4; 5F2, L2 and 3F5; 5F3, L2 and 3F1; 5F3, L2 and 3F2; 5F3, L2 and 3F3; 5F3, L2 and 3F4; 5F3, L2 and 3F5; 5F4, L2 and 3F1; 5F4, L2 and 3F2; 5F4, L2 and 3F3; 5F4, L2 and 3F4; 5F4, L2 and 3F5; 5F5, L2 and 3F1; 5F5, L2 and 3F2; 5F5, L2 and 3F3; 5F5, L2 and 3F4; 5F5, L2 and 3F5; 5F6, L2 and 3F1; 5F6, L2 and 3F2; 5F6, L2 and 3F3; 5F6, L2 and 3F4; 5F6, L2 and 3F5; 5F7, L2 and 3F1; 5F7, L2 and 3F2; 5F7, L2 and 3F3; 5F7, L2 and 3F4; 5F7, L2 and 3F5; 5F1, L3 and 3F1; 5F1, L3 and 3F2; 5F1, L3 and 3F3; 5F1, L3 and 3F4; 5F1, L3 and 3F5; 5F2, L3 and 3F1; 5F2, L3 and 3F2; 5F2, L3 and 3F3; 5F2, L3 and 3F4; 5F2, L3 and 3F5; 5F3, L3 and 3F1; 5F3, L3 and 3F2; 5F3, L3 and 3F3; 5F3, L3 and 3F4; 5F3, L3 and 3F5; 5F4, L3 and 3F1; 5F4, L3 and 3F2; 5F4, L3 and 3F3; 5F4, L3 and 3F4; 5F4, L3 and 3F5; 5F5, L3 and 3F1; 5F5, L3 and 3F2; 5F5, L3 and 3F3; 5F5, L3 and 3F4; 5F5, L3 and 3F5; 5F6, L3 and 3F1; 5F6, L3 and 3F2; 5F6, L3 and 3F3; 5F6, L3 and 3F4; 5F6, L3 and 3F5; 5F7, L3 and 3F1; 5F7, L3 and 3F2; 5F7, L3 and 3F3; 5F7, L3 and 3F4; 5F7, L3 and 3F5; 5F1, L4 and 3F1; 5F1, L4 and 3F2; 5F1, L4 and 3F3; 5F1, L4 and 3F4; 5F1, L4 and 3F5; 5F2, L4 and 3F1; 5F2, L4 and 3F2; 5F2, L4 and 3F3; 5F2, L4 and 3F4; 5F2, L4 and 3F5; 5F3, L4 and 3F4; 5F3, L4 and 3F2; 5F3, L4 and 3F3; 5F3, L4 and 3F4; 5F3, L4 and 3F5; 5F4, L4 and 3F1; 5F4, L4 and 3F2; 5F4, L4 and 3F3; 5F4, L4 and 3F4; 5F4, L4 and 3F5; 5F5, L4 and 3F1; 5F5, L4 and 3F2; 5F5, L4 and 3F3; 5F5, L4 and 3F4; 5F5, L4 and 3F5; 5F6, L4 and 3F1; 5F6, L4 and 3F2; 5F6, L4 and 3F3; 5F6, L4 and 3F4; 5F6, L4 and 3F5; 5F7, L4 and 3F1; 5F7, L4 and 3F2; 5F7, L4 and 3F3; 5F7, L4 and 3F4; 5F7, L4 and 3F5; 5F1, L5 and 3F1; 5F1, L5 and 3F2; 5F1, L5 and 3F3; 5F1, L5 and 3F4; 5F1, L5 and 3F5; 5F2, L5 and 3F1; 5F2, L5 and 3F2; 5F2, L5 and 3F3; 5F2, L5 and 3F4; 5F2, L5 and 3F5; 5F3, L5 and 3F1; 5F3, L5 and 3F2; 5F3, L5 and 3F3; 5F3, L5 and 3F4; 5F3, L5 and 3F5; 5F4, L5 and 3F1; 5F4, L5 and 3F2; 5F4, L5 and 3F3; 5F4, L5 and 3F4; 5F4, L5 and 3F5; 5F5, L5 and 3F1; 5F5, L5 and 3F2; 5F5, L5 and 3F3; 5F5, L5 and 3F4; 5F5, L5 and 3F5; 5F6, L5 and 3F1; 5F6, L5 and 3F2; 5F6, L5 and 3F3; 5F6, L5 and 3F4; 5F6, L5 and 3F5; 5F7, L5 and 3F1; 5F7, L5 and 3F2; 5F7, L5 and 3F3; 5F7, L5 and 3F4; 5F7, L5 and 3F5; 5F1, L6 and 3F1; 5F1, L6 and 3F2; 5F1, L6 and 3F3; 5F1, L6 and 3F4; 5F1, L6 and 3F5; 5F2, L6 and 3F1; 5F2, L6 and 3F2; 5F2, L6 and 3F3; 5F2, L6 and 3F4; 5F2, L6 and 3F5; 5F3, L6 and 3F1; 5F3, L6 and 3F2; 5F3, L6 and 3F3; 5F3, L6 and 3F4; 5F3, L6 and 3F5; 5F4, L6 and 3F1; 5F4, L6 and 3F2; 5F4, L6 and 3F3; 5F4, L6 and 3F4; 5F4, L6 and 3F5; 5F5, L6 and 3F1; 5F5, L6 and 3F2; 5F5, L6 and 3F3; 5F5, L6 and 3F4; 5F5, L6 and 3F5; 5F6, L6 and 3F1, 5F6, L6 and 3F2; 5F6, L6 and 3F3; 5F6, L6 and 3F4; 5F6, L6 and 3F5; 5F7, L6 and 3F1; 5F7, L6 and 3F2; 5F7, L6 and 3F3; 5F7, L6 and 3F4; 5F7, L6 and 3F5; 5F1, L7 and 3F3; 5F1, L7 and 3F2; 5F1, L7 and 3F3; 5F1, L7 and 3F4; 5F1, L7 and 3F5; 5F2, L7 and 3F1, 5F2, L7 and 3F2; 5F2, L7 and 3F3; 5F2, L7 and 3F4; 5F2, L7 and 3F5; 5F3, L7 and 3F1; 5F3, L7 and 3F2; 5F3, L7 and 3F3; 5F3, L7 and 3F4; 5F3, L7 and 3F5; 5F4, L7 and 3F1; 5F4, L7 and 3F2; 5F4, L7 and 3F3; 5F4, L7 and 3F4; 5F4, L7 and 3F5; 5F5, L7 and 3F1; 5F5, L7 and 3F2; 5F5, L7 and 3F3; 5F5, L7 and 3F4; 5F5, L7 and 3F5; 5F6, L7 and 3F1; 5F6, L7 and 3F2; 5F6, L7 and 3F3; 5F6, L7 and 3F4; 5F6, L7 and 3F5; 5F7, L7 and 3F1; 5F7, L7 and 3F2; 5F7, L7 and 3F3; 5F7, L7 and 3F4; 5F7, L7 and 3F5; 5F1, L8 and 3F1; 5F1, L8 and 3F2; 5F1, L8 and 3F3; 5F1, L8 and 3F4; 5F1, L8 and 3F5; 5F2, L8 and 3F1, 5F2, L8 and 3F2; 5F2, L8 and 3F3; 5F2, L8 and 3F4; 5F2, L8 and 3F5; 5F3, L8 and 3F1; 5F3, L8 and 3F2; 5F3, L8 and 3F3; 5F3, L8 and 3F4; 5F3, L8 and 3F5; 5F4, L8 and 3F1; 5F4, L8 and 3F2; 5F4, L8 and 3F3; 5F4, L8 and 3F4; 5F4, L8 and 3F5; 5F5, L8 and 3F1; 5F5, L8 and 3F2; 5F5, L8 and 3F3; 5F5, L8 and 3F4; 5F5, L8 and 3F5; 5F6, L8 and 3F1; 5F6, L8 and 3F2; 5F6, L8 and 3F3; 5F6, L8 and 3F4; 5F6, L8 and 3F5; 5F7, L8 and 3F1; 5F7, L8 and 3F2; 5F7, L8 and 3F3; 5F7, L8 and 3F4 and 5F7, L8 and 3F5.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F2 5′ flanking region, at least one L1 loop motif region, and at least one 3F2 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F1 5′ flanking region, at least one L4 loop motif region, and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F7 5′ flanking region, at least one L8 loop motif region, and at least one 3F5 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 5′ flanking region, at least one L4 loop motif region, and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 5′ flanking region, at least one L5 loop motif region, and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F4 5′ flanking region, at least one L4 loop motif region, and at least one 3F4 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 5′ flanking region, at least one L7 loop motif region, and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F5 5′ flanking region, at least one L4 loop motif region, and at least one 3F4 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F6 5′ flanking region, at least one L4 loop motif region, and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 5′ flanking region, at least one L6 loop motif region, and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F7 5′ flanking region, at least one L4 loop motif region, and at least one 3F5 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F2 5′ flanking region, at least one L2 loop motif region, and at least one 3F2 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F2 5′ flanking region, at least one L1 loop motif region, and at least one 3F3 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F3 5′ flanking region, at least one L5 loop motif region, and at least one 3F4 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F1 5′ flanking region, at least one L1 loop motif region, and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F1 5′ flanking region, at least one L2 loop motif region, and at least one 3F1 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F1 5′ flanking region, at least one L1 loop motif region, and at least one 3F2 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise at least one 5F2 5′ flanking region, at least one L3 loop motif region, and at least one 3F3 3′ flanking region.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may be a natural pri-miRNA scaffold. As a non-limiting example, the molecular scaffold may be a scaffold derived from the human miR155 scaffold.

In one embodiment, the molecular scaffold may comprise one or more linkers known in the art. The linkers may separate regions or one molecular scaffold from another. As a non-limiting example, the molecular scaffold may be polycistronic.

Modulatory Polynucleotide Comprising Molecular Scaffold and siRNA Molecule

In one embodiment, the modulatory polynucleotide may comprise 5′ and 3′ flanking regions, loop motif region, and nucleic acid sequences encoding sense sequence and antisense sequence as described in Tables 10 and 11. In Tables 10 and 11, the DNA sequence identifier for the passenger and guide strands are described as well as the 5′ and 3′ Flanking Regions and the Loop region (also referred to as the linker region). In Tables 10 and 11, the “miR” component of the name of the sequence does not necessarily correspond to the sequence numbering of miRNA genes (e.g., VOYHTmiR-102 is the name of the sequence and does not necessarily mean that miR-102 is part of the sequence).

TABLE 10 Modulatory Polynucleotide Sequence Region (5′ to 3′) 5′ Flanking Modulatory to 3′ Passenger Guide Polynucleotide Flanking 5′ Flanking SEQ ID Loop SEQ SEQ 3′ Flanking Construct Name SEQ ID NO SEQ ID NO NO ID NO ID NO SEQ ID NO VOYHTmiR-102.214 1183 1161 1296 1168 1337 1178 VOYHTmiR-104.214 1184 1161 1303 1168 1337 1178 VOYHTmiR-109.214 1185 1161 1310 1169 1337 1178 VOYHTmiR-114.214 1186 1161 1317 1168 1337 1179 VOYHTmiR-116.214 1187 1161 1310 1168 1337 1179 VOYHTmiR-127.214 1188 1162 1310 1170 1334 1180 VOYHTmiR-102.218 1189 1161 1297 1168 1338 1178 VOYHTmiR-104.218 1190 1161 1304 1168 1338 1178 VOYHTmiR-109.218 1191 1161 1311 1169 1338 1178 VOYHTmiR-114.218 1192 1161 1318 1168 1338 1179 VOYHTmiR-116.218 1193 1161 1311 1168 1338 1179 VOYHTmiR-127.218 1194 1162 1311 1170 1338 1180 VOYHTmiR-102.219.o 1195 1161 1280 1168 1333 1178 VOYHTmiR-104.219.o 1196 1161 1283 1168 1333 1178 VOYHTmiR-109.219.o 1197 1161 1280 1169 1333 1178 VOYHTmiR-114.219 1198 1161 1286 1168 1333 1179 VOYHTmiR-116.219.o 1199 1161 1289 1168 1333 1179 VOYHTmiR-127.219.o 1200 1162 1280 1170 1333 1180 VOYHTmiR-102.219.n 1201 1161 1292 1168 1333 1178 VOYHTmiR-104.219.n 1202 1161 1293 1168 1333 1178 VOYHTmiR-109.219.n 1203 1161 1292 1169 1333 1178 VOYHTmiR-116.219.n 1204 1161 1294 1168 1333 1179 VOYHTmiR-127.219.n 1205 1162 1292 1170 1333 1180 VOYHTmiR-102.257 1206 1161 1298 1168 1339 1178 VOYHTmiR-104.257 1207 1161 1305 1168 1339 1178 VOYHTmiR-109.257 1208 1161 1312 1169 1339 1178 VOYHTmiR-114.257 1209 1161 1319 1168 1339 1179 VOYHTmiR-116.257 1210 1161 1312 1168 1339 1179 VOYHTmiR-127.257 1211 1162 1312 1170 1339 1180 VOYHTmiR-102.894 1212 1161 1281 1168 1334 1178 VOYHTmiR-104.894 1213 1161 1284 1168 1334 1178 VOYHTmiR-109.894 1214 1161 1281 1169 1334 1178 VOYHTmiR-114.894 1215 1161 1287 1168 1334 1179 VOYHTmiR-116.894 1216 1161 1290 1168 1334 1179 VOYHTmiR-127,894 1217 1162 1281 1170 1334 1180 VOYHTmiR-102.907 1218 1161 1301 1168 1342 1178 VOYHTmiR-104.907 1219 1161 1308 1168 1342 1178 VOYHTmiR-109.907 1220 1161 1315 1169 1342 1178 VOYHTmiR-114.907 1221 1161 1322 1168 1342 1179 VOYHTmiR-116.907 1222 1161 1315 1168 1342 1179 VOYHTmiR-127.907 1223 1162 1315 1170 1342 1180 VOYHTmiR-102.372 1224 1161 1299 1168 1340 1178 VOYHTmiR-104.372 1225 1161 1306 1168 1340 1178 VOYHTmiR-109.372 1226 1161 1313 1169 1340 1178 VOYHTmiR-114.372 1227 1161 1320 1168 1340 1179 VOYHTmiR-116.372 1228 1161 1313 1168 1340 1179 VOYHTmiR-127.372 1229 1162 1313 1170 1340 1180 VOYHTmiR-102.425 1230 1161 1300 1168 1341 1178 VOYHTmiR-104.425 1231 1161 1307 1168 1341 1178 VOYHTmiR-109.425 1232 1161 1314 1169 1341 1178 VOYHTmiR-114.425 1233 1161 1321 1168 1341 1179 VOYHTmiR-116.425 1234 1161 1314 1168 1341 1179 VOYHTmiR-127.425 1235 1162 1314 1170 1341 1180 VOYHTmiR-102.032 1236 1161 1324 1168 1344 1178 VOYHTmiR-104.032 1237 1161 1326 1168 1344 1178 VOYHTmiR-109.032 1238 1161 1328 1169 1344 1178 VOYHTmiR-114.032 1239 1161 1330 1168 1344 1179 VOYHTmiR-116.032 1240 1161 1328 1168 1344 1179 VOYHTmiR-127.032 1241 1162 1328 1170 1344 1180 VOYHTmiR-102.020 1242 1161 1323 1168 1343 1178 VOYHTmiR-104.020 1243 1161 1325 1168 1343 1178 VOYHTmiR-109.020 1244 1161 1327 1169 1343 1178 VOYHTmiR-114.020 1245 1161 1329 1168 1343 1179 VOYHTmiR-116.020 1246 1161 1327 1168 1343 1179 VOYHTmiR-127.020 1247 1162 1327 1170 1343 1180 VOYHTmiR-102.016 1248 1161 1295 1168 1336 1178 VOYHTmiR-104.016 1249 1161 1302 1168 1336 1178 VOYHTmiR-109.016 1250 1161 1309 1169 1336 1178 VOYHTmiR-114.016 1251 1161 1316 1168 1336 1179 VOYHTmiR-116.016 1252 1161 1309 1168 1336 1179 VOYHTmiR-127.016 1253 1162 1309 1170 1336 1180 VOYHTmiR-102.579 1254 1161 1282 1168 1335 1178 VOYHTmiR-104.579 1255 1161 1285 1168 1335 1178 VOYHTmiR-109.579 1256 1161 1282 1169 1335 1178 VOYHTmiR-114.579 1257 1161 1288 1168 1335 1179 VOYHTmiR-116.579 1258 1161 1291 1168 1335 1179 VOYHTmiR-127.579 1259 1162 1282 1170 1335 1180 VOYHTmiR-104.579.1 1260 1161 1331 1171 1335 1178 VOYHTmiR-104.579.2 1261 1163 1331 1171 1335 1178 VOYHTmiR-104.579.3 1262 1163 1331 1172 1335 1178 VOYHTmiR-104.579.4 1263 1164 1331 1171 1335 1181 VOYHTmiR-104.579.6 1264 1165 1331 1171 1335 1181 VOYHTmiR-104.579.7 1265 1166 1331 1171 1345 1178 VOYHTmiR-104.579.8 1266 1163 1337 1173 1335 1178 VOYHTmiR-104.579.9 1267 1167 1331 1171 1335 1182 VOYHTmiR-102.020 1268 1161 1323 1168 1343 1178 VOYHTmiR-102.032 1269 1161 1324 1168 1344 1178 VOYHTmiR-104.020 1270 1161 1325 1168 1343 1178 VOYHTmiR-104.032 1271 1161 1326 1168 1344 1178 VOYHTmiR-109.020 1272 1161 1327 1169 1343 1178 VOYHTmiR-109.032 1273 1161 1328 1169 1344 1178 VOYHTmiR-114.020 1274 1161 1329 1168 1343 1179 VOYHTmiR-114.032 1275 1161 1330 1168 1344 1179 VOYHTmiR-116.020 1276 1161 1327 1168 1343 1179 VOYHTmiR-116.032 1277 1161 1328 1168 1344 1179 VOYHTmiR-127.020 1278 1162 1327 1170 1343 1180 VOYHTmiR-127.032 1279 1162 1328 1170 1344 1180

TABLE 11 Modulatory Polynucleotide Sequence Region (5′ to 3′) 5′ Flanking 3′ to 3′ 5′ Flanking Flanking Flanking Guide Loop Passenger SEQ SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ SEQ SEQ ID ID Name NO NO ID NO ID NO NO NO VOYHTmiR- 1346 1163 1350 1174 1348 1178 104.579.5 VOYHTmiR- 1347 1167 1351 1175 1349 1182 104.579.10 AAV Particles Comprising Modulatory Polynucleotides

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a viral genome with a payload region comprising a modulatory polynucleotide sequences. In such an embodiment, a viral genome encoding more than one polypeptide may be replicated and packaged into a viral particle. A target cell transduced with a viral particle comprising a modulatory polynucleotide may express the encoded sense and/or antisense sequences in a single cell.

In some embodiments, the AAV particles are useful in the field of medicine for the treatment, prophylaxis, palliation or amelioration of neurological diseases and/or disorders.

Non-limiting examples of ITR to ITR sequences of AAV particles comprising a viral genome with a payload region comprising a modulatory polynucleotide sequence are described in Table 12.

TABLE 12 ITR to ITR Sequences of AAV Particles comprising Modulatory Polynucleotides ITR to ITR ITR to ITR Modulatory Polynucleotide Construct Name SEQ ID NO SEQ ID NO VOYHT1 1352 1262 VOYHT2 1353 1262 VOYHT3 1354 1250 VOYHT4 1355 1347 VOYHT5 1356 1262 VOYHT6 1357 1262 VOYHT7 1358 1250 VOYHT8 1359 1347 VOYHT9 1360 1262 VOYHT10 1361 1262 VOYHT11 1362 1250 VOYHT12 1363 1347 VOYHT13 1364 1262 VOYHT14 1365 1249 VOYHT15 1366 1259 VOYHT16 1367 1249 VOYHT17 1368 1262 VOYHT18 1369 1262 VOYHT19 1370 1262 VOYHT20 1371 1262 VOYHT21 1372 1262 VOYHT22 1373 1262 VOYHT23 1374 1262 VOYHT24 1375 1262 VOYHT25 1376 1249 VOYHT26 1377 1262 VOYHT27 1378 1259 VOYHT28 1379 1249 VOYHT35 1388 1255 VOYHT36 1426 1248 VOYHT37 1427 1231 VOYHT38 1428 1219 VOYHT39 1429 1207 VOYHT40 1430 1250 VOYHT41 1431 1251 VOYHT42 1432 1252 VOYHT43 1433 1253 VOYHT44 1434 1194 VOYHT45 1435 1223 VOYHT46 1436 1211 VOYHT47 1437 1262 VOYHT48 1438 1347

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprises a viral genome which comprises a sequence which has a percent identity to any of SEQ ID NOs: 1352-1379, 1388, and 1426-1438. The viral genome may have 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% or 100% identity to any of SEQ ID NOs: 1352-1379, 1388, and 1426-1438. The viral genome may have 1-10%, 10-20%, 30-40%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-99%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-99%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-99%, 70-100%, 80-85%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-99%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-99%, or 90-100% to any of SEQ ID NOs: 1352-1379, 1388, and 1426-1438. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a sequence which as 80% identity to any of SEQ ID NO: 1352-1379, 1388, and 1426-1438. As another non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a sequence which as 85% identity to any of SEQ ID NO: 1352-1379, 1388, and 1426-1438. As another non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a sequence which as 90% identity to any of SEQ ID NO: 1352-1379, 1388, and 1426-1438. As another non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a sequence which as 95% identity to any of SEQ ID NO: 1352-1379, 1388, and 1426-1438. As another non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a sequence which as 99% identity to any of SEQ ID NO: 1352-1379, 1388, and 1426-1438.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotide sequence which comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one siRNA molecule may be introduced into mammalian cells.

Where the AAV particle payload region comprises a modulatory polynucleotide, the modulatory polynucleotide may comprise sense and/or antisense sequences to knock down a target gene. The AAV viral genomes encoding modulatory polynucleotides described herein may be useful in the fields of human disease, viruses, infections veterinary applications and a variety of in vivo and in vitro settings.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome may comprise at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) region. The ITR region(s) may, independently, have a length such as, but not limited to, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, and 175 nucleotides. The length of the ITR region for the viral genome may be 75-80, 75-85, 75-100, 80-85, 80-90, 80-105, 85-90, 85-95, 85-110, 90-95, 90-100, 90-115, 95-100, 95-105, 95-120, 100-105, 100-110, 100-125, 105-110, 105-115, 105-130, 110-115, 110-120, 110-135, 115-120, 115-125, 115-140, 120-125, 120-130, 120-145, 125-130, 125-135, 125-150, 130-135, 130-140, 130-155, 135-140, 135-145, 135-160, 140-145, 140-150, 140-165, 145-150, 145-155, 145-170, 150-155, 150-160, 150-175, 155-160, 155-165, 160-165, 160-170, 165-170, 165-175, and 170-175 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an ITR that is about 105 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an ITR that is about 141 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an ITR that is about 130 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome may comprises two inverted terminal repeat (ITR) regions. Each of the ITR regions may independently have a length such as, but not limited to, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, and 175 nucleotides. The length of the ITR regions for the viral genome may be 75-80, 75-85, 75-100, 80-85, 80-90, 80-105, 85-90, 85-95, 85-110, 90-95, 90-100, 90-115, 95-100, 95-105, 95-120, 100-105, 100-110, 100-125, 105-110, 105-115, 105-130, 110-115, 110-120, 110-135, 115-120, 115-125, 115-140, 120-125, 120-130, 120-145, 125-130, 125-135, 125-150, 130-135, 130-140, 130-155, 135-140, 135-145, 135-160, 140-145, 140-150, 140-165, 145-150, 145-155, 145-170, 150-155, 150-160, 150-175, 155-160, 155-165, 160-165, 160-170, 165-170, 165-175, and 170-175 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an ITR that is about 105 nucleotides in length and 141 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an ITR that is about 105 nucleotides in length and 130 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an ITR that is about 130 nucleotides in length and 141 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome may comprise at least one sequence region as described in Tables 13-20. The regions may be located before or after any of the other sequence regions described herein.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region. Non-limiting examples of ITR sequence regions are described in Table 13.

TABLE 13 Inverted Terminal Repeat (ITR) Sequence Regions Sequence Region Name SEQ ID NO ITR1 1380 ITR2 1381 ITR3 1382 ITR4 1383

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises two ITR sequence regions. In one embodiment, the ITR sequence regions are the ITR1 sequence region and the ITR3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the ITR sequence regions are the ITR1 sequence region and the ITR4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the ITR sequence regions are the ITR2 sequence region and the ITR3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the ITR sequence regions are the ITR2 sequence region and the ITR4 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome may comprise at least one multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence region. The MCS region(s) may, independently, have a length such as, but not limited to, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, and 150 nucleotides. The length of the MCS region for the viral genome may be 2-10, 5-10, 5-15, 10-20, 10-30, 10-40, 15-20, 15-25, 20-30, 20-40, 20-50, 25-30, 25-35, 30-40, 30-50, 30-60, 35-40, 35-45, 40-50, 40-60, 40-70, 45-50, 45-55, 50-60, 50-70, 50-80, 55-60, 55-65, 60-70, 60-80, 60-90, 65-70, 65-75, 70-80, 70-90, 70-100, 75-80, 75-85, 80-90, 80-100, 80-110, 85-90, 85-95, 90-100, 90-110, 90-120, 95-100, 95-105, 100-110, 100-120, 100-130, 105-110, 105-115, 110-120, 110-130, 110-140, 115-120, 115-125, 120-130, 120-140, 120-150, 125-130, 125-135, 130-140, 130-150, 135-140, 135-145, 140-150, and 145-150 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a MCS region that is about 5 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a MCS region that is about 10 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a MCS region that is about 14 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a MCS region that is about 18 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a MCS region that is about 73 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a MCS region that is about 121 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence regions. Non-limiting examples of MCS sequence regions are described in Table 14.

TABLE 14 Multiple Cloning Site (MCS) Sequence Regions Sequence Region SEQ ID NO or Name Sequence MCS1 1384 MCS2 1385 MCS3 1386 MCS4 1387 MCS5 TCGAG MCS6 1389

In one embodiment, the AAV particle vi genome comprises one CS sequence region. In one embodiment, the MCS sequence region is the MCS1 sequence region. In one embodiment, the MCS sequence region is the MCS2 sequence region. In one embodiment, the MCS sequence region is the MCS3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the MCS sequence region is the MCS4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the MCS sequence region is the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the MCS sequence region is the MCS6 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises two MCS sequence regions. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region and the MCS2 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region and the MCS3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region and the MCS4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region and the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS2 sequence region and the MCS3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS2 sequence region and the MCS4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS2 sequence region and the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS2 sequence region and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS3 sequence region and the MCS4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS3 sequence region and the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS3 sequence region and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS4 sequence region and the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS4 sequence region and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the two MCS sequence regions are the MCS5 sequence region and the MCS6 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises two or more MCS sequence regions.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises three MCS sequence regions. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region, the MCS2 sequence region, and the MCS3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region, the MCS2 sequence region, and the MCS4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region, the MCS2 sequence region, and the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region, the MCS2 sequence region, and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region, the MCS3 sequence region, and the MCS4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region, the MCS3 sequence region, and the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region, the MCS3 sequence region, and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region, the MCS4 sequence region, and the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region, the MCS4 sequence region, and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS1 sequence region, the MCS5 sequence region, and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS2 sequence region, the MCS3 sequence region, and the MCS4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS2 sequence region, the MCS3 sequence region, and the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS2 sequence region, the MCS3 sequence region, and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS2 sequence region, the MCS4 sequence region, and the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS2 sequence region, the MCS4 sequence region, and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS2 sequence region, the MCS5 sequence region, and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS3 sequence region, the MCS4 sequence region, and the MCS5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS3 sequence region, the MCS4 sequence region, and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS3 sequence region, the MCS5 sequence region, and the MCS6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the three MCS sequence regions are the MCS4 sequence region, the MCS5 sequence region, and the MCS6 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome may comprise at least one multiple filler sequence region. The filler region(s) may, independently, have a length such as, but not limited to, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, 587, 588, 589, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612, 613, 614, 615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628, 629, 630, 631, 632, 633, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665, 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, 674, 675, 676, 677, 678, 679, 680, 681, 682, 683, 684, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, 690, 691, 692, 693, 694, 695, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 730, 731, 732, 733, 734, 735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745, 746, 747, 748, 749, 750, 751, 752, 753, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 767, 768, 769, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, 777, 778, 779, 780, 781, 782, 783, 784, 785, 786, 787, 788, 789, 790, 791, 792, 793, 794, 795, 796, 797, 798, 799, 800, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811, 812, 813, 814, 815, 816, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821, 822, 823, 824, 825, 826, 827, 828, 829, 830, 831, 832, 833, 834, 835, 836, 837, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842, 843, 844, 845, 846, 847, 848, 849, 850, 851, 852, 853, 854, 855, 856, 857, 858, 859, 860, 861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918, 919, 920, 921, 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 975, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 986, 987, 988, 989, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, 1179, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1225, 1226, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1237, 1238, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1242, 1243, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, 1250, 1251, 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1354, 1355, 1356, 1357, 1358, 1359, 1360, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1386, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1390, 1391, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467, 1468, 1469, 1470, 1471, 1472, 1473, 1474, 1475, 1476, 1477, 1478, 1479, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1484, 1485, 1486, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1490, 1491, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1517, 1518, 1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555, 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1595, 1596, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627, 1628, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1676, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, 1697, 1698, 1699, 1700, 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1723, 1724, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1729, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1733, 1734, 1735, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1750, 1751, 1752, 1753, 1754, 1755, 1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1764, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, 1774, 1775, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783, 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788, 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2031, 2032, 2033, 2034, 2035, 2036, 2037, 2038, 2039, 2040, 2041, 2042, 2043, 2044, 2045, 2046, 2047, 2048, 2049, 2050, 2051, 2052, 2053, 2054, 2055, 2056, 2057, 2058, 2059, 2060, 2061, 2062, 2063, 2064, 2065, 2066, 2067, 2068, 2069, 2070, 2071, 2072, 2073, 2074, 2075, 2076, 2077, 2078, 2079, 2080, 2081, 2082, 2083, 2084, 2085, 2086, 2087, 2088, 2089, 2090, 2091, 2092, 2093, 2094, 2095, 2096, 2097, 2098, 2099, 2100, 2101, 2102, 2103, 2104, 2105, 2106, 2107, 2108, 2109, 2110, 2111, 2112, 2113, 2114, 2115, 2116, 2117, 2118, 2119, 2120, 2121, 2122, 2123, 2124, 2125, 2126, 2127, 2128, 2129, 2130, 2131, 2132, 2133, 2134, 2135, 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2143, 2144, 2145, 2146, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2152, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2157, 2158, 2159, 2160, 2161, 2162, 2163, 2164, 2165, 2166, 2167, 2168, 2169, 2170, 2171, 2172, 2173, 2174, 2175, 2176, 2177, 2178, 2179, 2180, 2181, 2182, 2183, 2184, 2185, 2186, 2187, 2188, 2189, 2190, 2191, 2192, 2193, 2194, 2195, 2196, 2197, 2198, 2199, 2200, 2201, 2202, 2203, 2204, 2205, 2206, 2207, 2208, 2209, 2210, 2211, 2212, 2213, 2214, 2215, 2216, 2217, 2218, 2219, 2220, 2221, 2222, 2223, 2224, 2225, 2226, 2227, 2228, 2229, 2230, 2231, 2232, 2233, 2234, 2235, 2236, 2237, 2238, 2239, 2240, 2241, 2242, 2243, 2244, 2245, 2246, 2247, 2248, 2249, 2250, 2251, 2252, 2253, 2254, 2255, 2256, 2257, 2258, 2259, 2260, 2261, 2262, 2263, 2264, 2265, 2266, 2267, 2268, 2269, 2270, 2271, 2272, 2273, 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, 2278, 2279, 2280, 2281, 2282, 2283, 2284, 2285, 2286, 2287, 2288, 2289, 2290, 2291, 2292, 2293, 2294, 2295, 2296, 2297, 2298, 2299, 2300, 2301, 2302, 2303, 2304, 2305, 2306, 2307, 2308, 2309, 2310, 2311, 2312, 2313, 2314, 2315, 2316, 2317, 2318, 2319, 2320, 2321, 2322, 2323, 2324, 2325, 2326, 2327, 2328, 2329, 2330, 2331, 2332, 2333, 2334, 2335, 2336, 2337, 2338, 2339, 2340, 2341, 2342, 2343, 2344, 2345, 2346, 2347, 2348, 2349, 2350, 2351, 2352, 2353, 2354, 2355, 2356, 2357, 2358, 2359, 2360, 2361, 2362, 2363, 2364, 2365, 2366, 2367, 2368, 2369, 2370, 2371, 2372, 2373, 2374, 2375, 2376, 2377, 2378, 2379, 2380, 2381, 2382, 2383, 2384, 2385, 2386, 2387, 2388, 2389, 2390, 2391, 2392, 2393, 2394, 2395, 2396, 2397, 2398, 2399, 2400, 2401, 2402, 2403, 2404, 2405, 2406, 2407, 2408, 2409, 2410, 2411, 2412, 2413, 2414, 2415, 2416, 2417, 2418, 2419, 2420, 2421, 2422, 2423, 2424, 2425, 2426, 2427, 2428, 2429, 2430, 2431, 2432, 2433, 2434, 2435, 2436, 2437, 2438, 2439, 2440, 2441, 2442, 2443, 2444, 2445, 2446, 2447, 2448, 2449, 2450, 2451, 2452, 2453, 2454, 2455, 2456, 2457, 2458, 2459, 2460, 2461, 2462, 2463, 2464, 2465, 2466, 2467, 2468, 2469, 2470, 2471, 2472, 2473, 2474, 2475, 2476, 2477, 2478, 2479, 2480, 2481, 2482, 2483, 2484, 2485, 2486, 2487, 2488, 2489, 2490, 2491, 2492, 2493, 2494, 2495, 2496, 2497, 2498, 2499, 2500, 2501, 2502, 2503, 2504, 2505, 2506, 2507, 2508, 2509, 2510, 2511, 2512, 2513, 2514, 2515, 2516, 2517, 2518, 2519, 2520, 2521, 2522, 2523, 2524, 2525, 2526, 2527, 2528, 2529, 2530, 2531, 2532, 2533, 2534, 2535, 2536, 2537, 2538, 2539, 2540, 2541, 2542, 2543, 2544, 2545, 2546, 2547, 2548, 2549, 2550, 2551, 2552, 2553, 2554, 2555, 2556, 2557, 2558, 2559, 2560, 2561, 2562, 2563, 2564, 2565, 2566, 2567, 2568, 2569, 2570, 2571, 2572, 2573, 2574, 2575, 2576, 2577, 2578, 2579, 2580, 2581, 2582, 2583, 2584, 2585, 2586, 2587, 2588, 2589, 2590, 2591, 2592, 2593, 2594, 2595, 2596, 2597, 2598, 2599, 2600, 2601, 2602, 2603, 2604, 2605, 2606, 2607, 2608, 2609, 2610, 2611, 2612, 2613, 2614, 2615, 2616, 2617, 2618, 2619, 2620, 2621, 2622, 2623, 2624, 2625, 2626, 2627, 2628, 2629, 2630, 2631, 2632, 2633, 2634, 2635, 2636, 2637, 2638, 2639, 2640, 2641, 2642, 2643, 2644, 2645, 2646, 2647, 2648, 2649, 2650, 2651, 2652, 2653, 2654, 2655, 2656, 2657, 2658, 2659, 2660, 2661, 2662, 2663, 2664, 2665, 2666, 2667, 2668, 2669, 2670, 2671, 2672, 2673, 2674, 2675, 2676, 2677, 2678, 2679, 2680, 2681, 2682, 2683, 2684, 2685, 2686, 2687, 2688, 2689, 2690, 2691, 2692, 2693, 2694, 2695, 2696, 2697, 2698, 2699, 2700, 2701, 2702, 2703, 2704, 2705, 2706, 2707, 2708, 2709, 2710, 2711, 2712, 2713, 2714, 2715, 2716, 2717, 2718, 2719, 2720, 2721, 2722, 2723, 2724, 2725, 2726, 2727, 2728, 2729, 2730, 2731, 2732, 2733, 2734, 2735, 2736, 2737, 2738, 2739, 2740, 2741, 2742, 2743, 2744, 2745, 2746, 2747, 2748, 2749, 2750, 2751, 2752, 2753, 2754, 2755, 2756, 2757, 2758, 2759, 2760, 2761, 2762, 2763, 2764, 2765, 2766, 2767, 2768, 2769, 2770, 2771, 2772, 2773, 2774, 2775, 2776, 2777, 2778, 2779, 2780, 2781, 2782, 2783, 2784, 2785, 2786, 2787, 2788, 2789, 2790, 2791, 2792, 2793, 2794, 2795, 2796, 2797, 2798, 2799, 2800, 2801, 2802, 2803, 2804, 2805, 2806, 2807, 2808, 2809, 2810, 2811, 2812, 2813, 2814, 2815, 2816, 2817, 2818, 2819, 2820, 2821, 2822, 2823, 2824, 2825, 2826, 2827, 2828, 2829, 2830, 2831, 2832, 2833, 2834, 2835, 2836, 2837, 2838, 2839, 2840, 2841, 2842, 2843, 2844, 2845, 2846, 2847, 2848, 2849, 2850, 2851, 2852, 2853, 2854, 2855, 2856, 2857, 2858, 2859, 2860, 2861, 2862, 2863, 2864, 2865, 2866, 2867, 2868, 2869, 2870, 2871, 2872, 2873, 2874, 2875, 2876, 2877, 2878, 2879, 2880, 2881, 2882, 2883, 2884, 2885, 2886, 2887, 2888, 2889, 2890, 2891, 2892, 2893, 2894, 2895, 2896, 2897, 2898, 2899, 2900, 2901, 2902, 2903, 2904, 2905, 2906, 2907, 2908, 2909, 2910, 2911, 2912, 2913, 2914, 2915, 2916, 2917, 2918, 2919, 2920, 2921, 2922, 2923, 2924, 2925, 2926, 2927, 2928, 2929, 2930, 2931, 2932, 2933, 2934, 2935, 2936, 2937, 2938, 2939, 2940, 2941, 2942, 2943, 2944, 2945, 2946, 2947, 2948, 2949, 2950, 2951, 2952, 2953, 2954, 2955, 2956, 2957, 2958, 2959, 2960, 2961, 2962, 2963, 2964, 2965, 2966, 2967, 2968, 2969, 2970, 2971, 2972, 2973, 2974, 2975, 2976, 2977, 2978, 2979, 2980, 2981, 2982, 2983, 2984, 2985, 2986, 2987, 2988, 2989, 2990, 2991, 2992, 2993, 2994, 2995, 2996, 2997, 2998, 2999, 3000, 3001, 3002, 3003, 3004, 3005, 3006, 3007, 3008, 3009, 3010, 3011, 3012, 3013, 3014, 3015, 3016, 3017, 3018, 3019, 3020, 3021, 3022, 3023, 3024, 3025, 3026, 3027, 3028, 3029, 3030, 3031, 3032, 3033, 3034, 3035, 3036, 3037, 3038, 3039, 3040, 3041, 3042, 3043, 3044, 3045, 3046, 3047, 3048, 3049, 3050, 3051, 3052, 3053, 3054, 3055, 3056, 3057, 3058, 3059, 3060, 3061, 3062, 3063, 3064, 3065, 3066, 3067, 3068, 3069, 3070, 3071, 3072, 3073, 3074, 3075, 3076, 3077, 3078, 3079, 3080, 3081, 3082, 3083, 3084, 3085, 3086, 3087, 3088, 3089, 3090, 3091, 3092, 3093, 3094, 3095, 3096, 3097, 3098, 3099, 3100, 3101, 3102, 3103, 3104, 3105, 3106, 3107, 3108, 3109, 3110, 3111, 3112, 3113, 3114, 3115, 3116, 3117, 3118, 3119, 3120, 3121, 3122, 3123, 3124, 3125, 3126, 3127, 3128, 3129, 3130, 3131, 3132, 3133, 3134, 3135, 3136, 3137, 3138, 3139, 3140, 3141, 3142, 3143, 3144, 3145, 3146, 3147, 3148, 3149, 3150, 3151, 3152, 3153, 3154, 3155, 3156, 3157, 3158, 3159, 3160, 3161, 3162, 3163, 3164, 31653166, 3167, 3168, 3169, 3170, 3171, 3172, 3173, 3174, 3175, 3176, 3177, 3178, 3179, 3180, 3181, 3182, 3183, 3184, 3185, 3186, 3187, 3188, 3189, 3190, 3191, 3192, 3193, 3194, 3195, 3196, 3197, 3198, 3199, 3200, 3201, 3202, 3203, 3204, 3205, 3206, 3207, 3208, 3209, 3210, 3211, 3212, 3213, 3214, 3215, 3216, 3217, 3218, 3219, 3220, 3221, 3222, 3223, 3224, 3225, 3226, 3227, 3228, 3229, 3230, 3231, 3232, 3233, 3234, 3235, 3236, 3237, 3238, 3239, 3240, 3241, 3242, 3243, 3244, 3245, 3246, 3247, 3248, 3249, and 3250 nucleotides. The length of any filler region for the viral genome may be 50-100, 100-150, 150-200, 200-250, 250-300, 300-350, 350-400, 400-450, 450-500, 500-550, 550-600, 600-650, 650-700, 700-750, 750-800, 800-850, 850-900, 900-950, 950-1000, 1000-1050, 1050-1100, 1100-1150, 1150-1200, 1200-1250, 1250-1300, 1300-1350, 1350-1400, 1400-1450, 1450-1500, 1500-1550, 1550-1600, 1600-1650, 1650-1700, 1700-1750, 1750-1800, 1800-1850, 1850-1900, 1900-1950, 1950-2000, 2000-2050, 2050-2100, 2100-2150, 2150-2200, 2200-2250, 2250-2300, 2300-2350, 2350-2400, 2400-2450, 2450-2500, 2500-2550, 2550-2600, 2600-2650, 2650-2700, 2700-2750, 2750-2800, 2800-2850, 2850-2900, 2900-2950, 2950-3000, 3000-3050, 3050-3100, 3100-3150, 3150-3200, and 3200-3250 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 55 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 56 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 97 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 103 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 105 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 357 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 363 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 712 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 714 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 1203 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 1209 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 1512 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 1519 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 2395 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 2403 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 2405 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 3013 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a filler region that is about 3021 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one filler sequence regions. Non-limiting examples of filler sequence regions are described in Table 15.

TABLE 15 Filler Sequence Regions Sequence Region Name SEQ ID NO o FILL1 1390 FILL2 1391 FILL3 1392 FILL4 1393 FILL5 1394 FILL6 1395 FILL7 1396 FILL8 1397 FILL9 1398 FILL10 1399 FILL11 1400 FILL12 1401 FILL13 1402 FILL14 1403 FILL15 1404 FILL16 1405 FILL17 1406 FILL18 1407

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises one filler sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL18 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises two filler sequence regions. In one embodiment, the two filler sequence regions are the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL2 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises three filler sequence regions. In one embodiment, the two filler sequence regions are the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL2 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL1 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL3 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL2 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL4 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL IS sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL3 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL4 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL7 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL6 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL8 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL7 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL5 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL6 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL9 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL8 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL7 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL10 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL9 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL5 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL8 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL11 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL10 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL9 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL12 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL11 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL10 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL13 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL12 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL11 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL14 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL13 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL12 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL15 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, the FILL14 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL13 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL16 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region, the FILL15 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL14 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL15 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL17 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL15 sequence region, the FILL16 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL15 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region. In one embodiment, the filler sequence region is the FILL16 sequence region, the FILL17 sequence region, and the FILL18 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome may comprise at least one enhancer sequence region. The enhancer sequence region(s) may, independently, have a length such as, but not limited to, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, and 400 nucleotides. The length of the enhancer region for the viral genome may be 300-310, 300-325, 305-315, 310-320, 315-325, 320-330, 325-335, 325-350, 330-340, 335-345, 340-350, 345-355, 350-360, 350-375, 355-365, 360-370, 365-375, 370-380, 375-385, 375-400, 380-390, 385-395, and 390-400 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an enhancer region that is about 303 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an enhancer region that is about 382 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one enhancer sequence region. Non-limiting examples of enhancer sequence regions are described in Table 16.

TABLE 16 Enhancer Sequence Regions Sequence Region Name SEQ ID NO Enhancer1 1408 Enhancer2 1409

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises one enhancer sequence region. In one embodiment, the enhancer sequence regions is the Enhancer1 sequence region. In one embodiment, the enhancer sequence regions is the Enhancer2 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises two enhancer sequence regions. In one embodiment, the enhancer sequence regions are the Enhancer1 sequence region and the Enhancer 2 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome may comprise at least one promoter sequence region. The promoter sequence region(s) may, independently, have a length such as, but not limited to, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, 587, 588, 589, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, and 600 nucleotides. The length of the promoter region for the viral genome may be 4-10, 10-20, 10-50, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 50-100, 60-70, 70-80, 80-90, 90-100, 100-110, 100-150, 110-120, 120-130, 130-140, 140-150, 150-160, 150-200, 160-170, 170-180, 180-190, 190-200, 200-210, 200-250, 210-220, 220-230, 230-240, 240-250, 250-260, 250-300, 260-270, 270-280, 280-290, 290-300, 300-310, 300-350, 310-320, 320-330, 330-340, 340-350, 350-360, 350-400, 360-370, 370-380, 380-390, 390-400, 400-410, 400-450, 410-420, 420-430, 430-440, 440-450, 450-460, 450-500, 460-470, 470-480, 480-490, 490-500, 500-510, 500-550, 510-520, 520-530, 530-540, 540-550, 550-560, 550-600, 560-570, 570-580, 580-590, and 590-600 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a promoter region that is about 4 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a promoter region that is about 17 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a promoter region that is about 204 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a promoter region that is about 219 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a promoter region that is about 260 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a promoter region that is about 303 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a promoter region that is about 382 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a promoter region that is about 588 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one promoter sequence region. Non-limiting examples of promoter sequence regions are described in Table 17.

TABLE 17 Promoter Sequence Regions Sequence Region SEQ ID NO or Name Sequence Promoter1 1410 Promoter2 1411 Promoter3 GTTG Promoter4 1412 Promoter5 1413 Promoter6 1414

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises one promoter sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter1. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter2. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter3. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter4. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter5. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter6.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises two promoter sequence regions. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter1 sequence region, and the Promoter2 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter1 sequence region, and the Promoter3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter1 sequence region, and the Promoter4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter1 sequence region, and the Promoter5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter1 sequence region, and the Promoter6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter2 sequence region, and the Promoter3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter2 sequence region, and the Promoter4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter2 sequence region, and the Promoter5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter2 sequence region, and the Promoter6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter3 sequence region, and the Promoter4 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter3 sequence region, and the Promoter5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter3 sequence region, and the Promoter6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter4 sequence region, and the Promoter5 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter4 sequence region, and the Promoter6 sequence region. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence region is Promoter5 sequence region, and the Promoter6 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome may comprise at least one exon sequence region. The exon region(s) may, independently, have a length such as, but not limited to, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41.42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53.54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, and 150 nucleotides. The length of the exon region for the viral genome may be 2-10, 5-10, 5-15, 10-20, 10-30, 10-40, 15-20, 15-25, 20-30, 20-40, 20-50, 25-30, 25-35, 30-40, 30-50, 30-60, 35-40, 35-45, 40-50, 40-60, 40-70, 45-50, 45-55, 50-60, 50-70, 50-80, 55-60, 55-65, 60-70, 60-80, 60-90, 65-70, 65-75, 70-80, 70-90, 70-100, 75-80, 75-85, 80-90, 80-100, 80-110, 85-90, 85-95, 90-100, 90-110, 90-120, 95-100, 95-105, 100-110, 100-120, 100-130, 105-110, 105-115, 110-120, 110-130, 110-140, 115-120, 115-125, 120-130, 120-140, 120-150, 125-130, 125-135, 130-140, 130-150, 135-140, 135-145, 140-150, and 145-150 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an exon region that is about 53 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an exon region that is about 134 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one Exon sequence region. Non-limiting examples of Exon sequence regions are described in Table 18.

TABLE 18 Exon Sequence Regions Sequence Region Name SEQ ID NO Exon1 1415 Exon2 1416

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises one Exon sequence region. In one embodiment, the Exon sequence regions is the Exon1 sequence region. In one embodiment, the Exon sequence regions is the Exon2 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises two Exon sequence regions. In one embodiment, the Exon sequence regions are the Exon1 sequence region and the Exon 2 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome may comprise at least one intron sequence region. The intron region(s) may, independently, have a length such as, but not limited to, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, and 350 nucleotides. The length of the intron region for the viral genome may be 25-35, 25-50, 35-45, 45-55, 50-75, 55-65, 65-75, 75-85, 75-100, 85-95, 95-105, 100-125, 105-115, 115-125, 125-135, 125-150, 135-145, 145-155, 150-175, 155-165, 165-175, 175-185, 175-200, 185-195, 195-205, 200-225, 205-215, 215-225, 225-235, 225-250, 235-245, 245-255, 250-275, 255-265, 265-275, 275-285, 275-300, 285-295, 295-305, 300-325, 305-315, 315-325, 325-335, 325-350, and 335-345 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an intron region that is about 32 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an intron region that is about 172 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an intron region that is about 201 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises an intron region that is about 347 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one intron sequence region. Non-limiting examples of intron sequence regions are described in Table 19.

TABLE 19 Intron Sequence Regions Sequence Region Name SEQ ID NO Intron1 1417 Intron2 1418 Intron3 1419

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises one intron sequence region. In one embodiment, the intron sequence regions is the Intron sequence region. In one embodiment, the intron sequence regions is the Intron2 sequence region. In one embodiment, the intron sequence regions is the Intron3 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises two intron sequence regions. In one embodiment, the intron sequence regions are the Intron sequence region and the Intron2 sequence region. In one embodiment, the intron sequence regions are the Intron2 sequence region and the Intron3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the intron sequence regions are the Intron1 sequence region and the Intron3 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises three intron sequence regions. In one embodiment, the intron sequence regions are the Intron1 sequence region, the Intron2 sequence region, and the Intron3 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome may comprise at least one polyadenylation signal sequence region. The polyadenylation signal region sequence region(s) may, independently, have a length such as, but not limited to, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415.416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473.474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, 587, 588, 589, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, and 600 nucleotides. The length of the polyadenylation signal sequence region for the viral genome may be 4-10, 10-20, 10-50, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 50-100, 60-70, 70-80, 80-90, 90-100, 100-110, 100-150, 110-120, 120-130, 130-140, 140-150, 150-160, 150-200, 160-170, 170-180, 180-190, 190-200, 200-210, 200-250, 210-220, 220-230, 230-240, 240-250, 250-260, 250-300, 260-270, 270-280, 280-290, 290-300, 300-310, 300-350, 310-320, 320-330, 330-340, 340-350, 350-360, 350-400, 360-370, 370-380, 380-390, 390-400, 400-410, 400-450, 410-420, 420-430, 430-440, 440-450, 450-460, 450-500, 460-470, 470-480, 480-490, 490-500, 500-510, 500-550, 510-520, 520-530, 530-540, 540-550, 550-560, 550-600, 560-570, 570-580, 580-590, and 590-600 nucleotides. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a polyadenylation signal sequence region that is about 127 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a polyadenylation signal sequence region that is about 225 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a polyadenylation signal sequence region that is about 476 nucleotides in length. As a non-limiting example, the viral genome comprises a polyadenylation signal sequence region that is about 477 nucleotides in length.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one polyadenylation (polyA) signal sequence region. Non-limiting examples of polyA signal sequence regions are described in Table 20.

TABLE 20 PolyA Signal Sequence Regions Sequence Region Name SEQ ID NO PolyA1 1420 PolyA2 1421 PolyA3 1422 Po1yA4 1423

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises one polyA signal sequence region. In one embodiment, the polyA signal sequence regions is the PolyA1 sequence region. In one embodiment, the polyA signal sequence regions is the PolyA2 sequence region. In one embodiment, the polyA signal sequence regions is the PolyA3 sequence region. In one embodiment, the polyA signal sequence regions is the PolyA4 sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises more than one polyA signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises at least one inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region, at least one multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence region, at least one enhancer sequence region, at least one promoter sequence region, at least one exon sequence region, at least one intron sequence region, at least one modulatory polynucleotide region, at least one polyadenylation signal sequence region, and at least one filler sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence regions, an enhancer sequence region, a promoter sequence region, an intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, a polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region. Non-limiting examples of ITR to ITR sequences for use in the AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 21. In Table 21, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYHT1 (SEQ ID NO: 1352)).

TABLE 21 Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences VOYHT1 VOYHT2 VOYHT3 VOYHT4 (SEQ ID NO: 1352) (SEQ ID NO: 1353) (SEQ ID NO: 1354) (SEQ ID NO: 1355) Sequence Region Region Region Region Region Region Region Region Regions SEQ ID NO length SEQ ID NO length SEQ ID NO length SEQ ID NO length 5′ ITR 1380 141 1380  141 1380 141 1380 141 MCS 1384  10 1384   10 1384  10 1384  10 CMV enhancer 1408 382 1408  382 1408 382 1408 382 CBA Promoter 1410 260 1410  260 1410 260 1410 260 SV40 Intron 1417 172 1417  172 1417 172 1417 172 Modulatory 1262 163 1262  163 1250 158 1347 163 Polynucleotide MCS TCGAG   5 TCGAG    5 TCGAG   5 TCGAG   5 Rabbit globin 1420 127 1420  127 1420 127 1420 127 PolyA Signal Filler 1400 714 1401 3021 1400 714 1400 714 3′ ITR 1382 141 1382  141 1382 141 1382 141

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1352 (VOYHT1) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1353 (VOYHT2) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1354 (VOYHT3) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1355 (VOYHT4) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region. Non-limiting examples of ITR to ITR sequences for use in the AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 22. In Table 22, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYHT5 (SEQ ID NO: 1356)).

TABLE 22 Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences VOYHT5 VOYHT6 VOYHT7 VOYHT8 (SEQ ID NO: 1356) (SEQ ID NO: 1357) (SEQ ID NO: 1358) (SEQ ID NO: 1359) Sequence Region Region Region Region Region Region Region Region Regions SEQ ID NO length SEQ ID NO length SEQ ID NO length SEQ ID NO length 5′ ITR 1380  141 1380 141 1380 141 1380 141 MCS 1384   10 1384  10 1384  10 1384  10 Filler 1390 3013 1391 712 1391 717 1391 712 CMV 1408  382 1408 382 1408 382 1408 382 enhancer CBA Promoter 1410  260 1410 260 1410 260 1410 260 SV40 Intron 1417  172 1417 172 1417 172 1417 172 Modulatory 1262  163 1262 163 1250 158 1347 163 Polynucleotide MCS TCGAG    5 TCGAG   5 TCGAG   5 TCGAG   5 Rabbit globin 1420  127 1420 127 1420 127 1420 127 PolyA Signal 3′ ITR 1382  141 1382 141 1382 141 1382 141

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1357 (VOYHT6) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1358 (VOYHT7) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1359 (VOYHT8) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence regions, an enhancer sequence region, a promoter sequence region, an intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, a polyadenylation signal sequence region, and two filler sequence regions.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region, and two filler sequence regions. Non-limiting examples of ITR to ITR sequences for use in the AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 23. In Table 23, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYHT9 (SEQ ID NO: 1360)).

TABLE 23 Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences VOYHT9 VOYHT10 VOYHT11 VOYHT12 (SEQ ID NO: 1360) (SEQ ID NO: 1361) (SEQ ID NO: 1362) (SEQ ID NO: 1363) Sequence Region Region Region Region Region Region Region Region Regions SEQ ID NO length SEQ ID NO length SEQ ID NO length SEQ ID NO length 5′ ITR 1380  141 1380 141 1380 141 1380 141 MCS 1384   10 1384  10 1384  10 1384  10 Filler 1396 1512 1397 363 1397 363 1397 363 CMV 1408  382 1408 382 1408 382 1408 382 enhancer CBA Promoter 1410  260 1410 260 1410 260 1410 260 SV40 Intron 1417  172 1417 172 1417 172 1417 172 Modulatory 1262  163 1262 163 1250 158 1347 163 Polynucleotide MCS TCGAG    5 TCGAG   5 TCGAG   5 TCGAG   5 Rabbit globin 1420  127 1420 127 1420 127 1420 127 PolyA Signal Filler 1404 1519 1405 357 1405 357 1405 357 3′ ITR 1382  141 1382 141 1382 141 1382 141

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1362 (VOYHT11) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region, and two filler sequence regions.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1363 (VOYHT12) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region, and two filler sequence regions.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence regions, an enhancer sequence region, a promoter sequence region, an intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region. Non-limiting examples of ITR to ITR sequences for use in the AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 24. In Table 24, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYHT13 (SEQ ID NO: 1364)).

TABLE 24 Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences VOYHT13 VOYHT14 (SEQ ID NO: 1364) (SEQ ID NO: 1365) Sequence Region Region Region Region Regions SEQ ID NO length SEQ ID NO length 5′ ITR 1380 141 1380 141 MCS 1384  10 1384  10 CMV 1408 382 1408 382 enhancer CBA  1410 260 1410 260 Promoter SV40  1417 172 1417 172 Intron Modulatory 1262 163 1249 158 Poly- nucleotide MCS TCGAG   5 TCGAG   5 Rabbit  1420 127 1420 127 globin PolyA  Signal 3′ ITR 1382 141 1382 141

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1364 (VOYHT13) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1365 (VOYHT14) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, an enhancer sequence region, a promoter sequence region, an intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region. Non-limiting examples of ITR to ITR sequences for use in the AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Tables 25-29. In Tables 25-29, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYHT15 (SEQ ID NO: 1366)).

TABLE 25 Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences VOYHT15 VOYHT16 (SEQ ID NO: 1366) (SEQ ID NO: 1367) Region Region Region Region Sequence Regions SEQ ID NO length SEQ ID NO length 5′ ITR 1381 105 1381 105 CMV enhancer 1408 382 1408 382 CBA Promoter 1410 260 1410 260 SV40 Intron 1417 172 1417 172 Modulatory Polynucleotide 1259 260 1249 158 Rabbit globin PolyA Signal 1420 127 1420 127 3′ ITR 1383 130 1383 130

TABLE 26 Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences VOYHT35 VOYHT36 VOYHT37 VOYHT38 (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 1388) 1426) 1427) 1428) Region Region Region Region SEQ Region SEQ Region SEQ ID Region SEQ ID Region Sequence Regions ID NO length ID NO length NO length NO length 5′ ITR 1381 105 1381 105 1381 105 1381 105 CMV enhancer 1408 382 1408 382 1408 382 1408 382 CBA Promoter 1410 260 1410 260 1410 260 1410 260 SV40 Intron 1417 172 1417 172 1417 172 1417 172 Modulatory Polynucleotide 1255 158 1248 158 1231 158 1219 158 Rabbit globin PolyA Signal 1420 127 1420 127 1420 127 1420 127 3′ ITR 1383 130 1383 130 1383 130 1383 130

TABLE 27 Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences VOYHT39 VOYHT40 VOYHT41 VOYHT42 (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 1429) 1430) 1431) 1432) Region Region Region Region SEQ Region SEQ Region SEQ ID Region SEQ ID Region Sequence Regions ID NO length ID NO length NO length NO length 5′ ITR 1381 105 1381 105 1381 105 1381 105 CMV enhancer 1408 382 1408 382 1408 387 1408 382 CBA Promoter 1410 260 1410 260 1410 260 1410 260 SV40 Intron 1417 172 1417 172 1417 172 1417 172 Modulatory Polynucleotide 1207 158 1250 158 1251 158 1252 158 Rabbit globin PolyA Signal 1420 127 1420 127 1420 127 1420 127 3′ ITR 1383 130 1383 130 1383 130 1383 130

TABLE 28 Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences VOYHT43 VOYHT44 VOYHT45 VOYHT46 (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 1433) 1434) 1435) 1436) Region Region Region Region SEQ Region SEQ Region SEQ ID Region SEQ ID Region Sequence Regions ID NO length ID NO length NO length NO length 5′ ITR 1381 105 1381 105 1381 105 1381 105 CMV enhancer 1408 382 1408 382 1408 387 1408 382 CBA Promoter 1410 260 1410 260 1410 260 1410 260 SV40 Intron 1417 172 1417 172 1417 172 1417 172 Modulatory Polynucleotide 1253 260 1194 260 1223 260 1211 260 Rabbit globin PolyA Signal 1420 127 1420 127 1420 127 1420 127 3′ ITR 1383 130 1383 130 1383 130 1383 130

TABLE 29 Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences VOYHT47 VOYHT48 (SEQ ID NO: 1437) (SEQ ID NO: 1438) Region Region Region Region Sequence Regions SEQ ID NO length SEQ ID NO length 5′ ITR 1381 105 1381 105 CMV enhancer 1408 382 1408 382 CBA Promoter 1410 260 1410 260 SV40 Intron 1417 172 1417 172 Modulatory Polynucleotide 1262 163 1347 163 Rabbit globin PolyA Signal 1420 127 1420 127 3′ ITR 1383 130 1383 130

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1366 (VOYHT15) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1367 (VOYHT16) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1388 (VOYHT35) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1426 (VOYHT36) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1427 (VOYHT37) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1428 (VOYHT38) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1429 (VOYHT39) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1430 (VOYHT40) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1431 (VOYHT41) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1432 (VOYHT42) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1433 (VOYHT43) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1434 (VOYHT44) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1435 (VOYHT45) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1436 (VOYHT46) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1437 (VOYHT47) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory) polynucleotide region, and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1438 (VOYHT48) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CBA promoter sequence region, an SV40 intron sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a MCS sequence region, an enhancer sequence region, a promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions, two intron sequence regions, a modulatory polynucleotide region, a polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a MCS sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CMV promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions (ie1 exon 1 and human beta globin (hbglobin) exon 3 or fragments thereof), two intron sequence regions (ie1 intron 1 and hbglobin intron 2 or fragments thereof), a modulatory polynucleotide region, a human growth hormone (hGH) polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region. A non-limiting example of an ITR to ITR sequence for use in the AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 30. In Table 30, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYHT17 (SEQ ID NO: 1368)).

TABLE 30 Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences VOYHT17 (SEQ ID NO: 1368) Sequence Regions Region SEQ ID NO Region length 5′ ITR 1380 141 MCS 1387 18 CMV enhancer 1409 303 CMV Promoter 1412 204 Ie1 exon1 1415 134 Ie1 intron1 1418 32 hbglobin intron2 1419 347 hbglobin exon3 1416 53 Modulatory Polynucleotide 1262 163 hGH PolyA Signal 1422 477 Filler 1406 2403 3′ ITR 1382 141

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1368 (VOYHT17) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a MCS sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CMV promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions (ie1 exon 1 and human beta globin (hbglobin) exon 3 or fragments thereof), two intron sequence regions (ie1 intron 1 and hbglobin intron 2 or fragments thereof), a modulatory polynucleotide region, a human growth hormone (hGH) polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a MCS sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CMV promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions (ie1 exon 1 and human beta globin (hbglobin) exon 3 or fragments thereof), two intron sequence regions (ie1 intron 1 and hbglobin intron 2 or fragments thereof), a modulatory polynucleotide region, a human growth hormone (hGH) polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region. A non-limiting example of an ITR to ITR sequence for use in the AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 31. In Table 31, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYHT19 (SEQ ID NO: 1370)).

TABLE 31 Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences VOYHT19 (SEQ ID NO: 1370) Sequence Regions Region SEQ ID NO Region length 5′ ITR 1380 141 Filler 1392 2405 CMV enhancer 1409 303 CMV Promoter 1412 204 Ie1 exon1 1415 134 Ie1 intron1 1418 32 hbglobin intron2 1419 347 hbglobin exon3 1416 53 Modulatory Polynucleotide 1262 163 hGH PolyA Signal 1389 14 MCS 1422 477 3′ ITR 1382 141

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1370 (VOYHT19) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a MCS sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CMV promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions (ie1 exon 1 and human beta globin (hbglobin) exon 3 or fragments thereof), two intron sequence regions (ie1 intron 1 and hbglobin exon 3 or fragments thereof), a modulatory polynucleotide region, a human growth hormone (hGH) polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two MCS sequence regions, an enhancer sequence region, a promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions, two intron sequence regions, a modulatory polynucleotide region, a polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two MCS sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CMV promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions (ie1 exon 1 and human beta globin (hbglobin) exon 3 or fragments thereof), two intron sequence regions (ie1 intron 1 and hbglobin exon 3 or fragments thereof), a modulatory polynucleotide region, a human growth hormone (hGH) polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region. A non-limiting example of an ITR to ITR sequence for use in the AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 32. In Table 32, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYHT18 (SEQ ID NO: 1369)).

TABLE 32 Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences VOYHT18 (SEQ ID NO: 1369) Sequence Regions Region SEQ ID NO Region length 5′ ITR 1380 141 MCS 1387 18 CMV enhancer 1409 303 CMV Promoter 1412 204 Ie1 exon1 1415 134 Ie1 intron1 1418 32 hbglobin intron2 1419 347 hbglobin exon3 1416 53 Modulatory Polynucleotide 1262 163 MCS 1389 14 hGH PolyA Signal 1422 477 Filler 1407 105 3′ ITR 1382 141

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1369 (VOYHT18) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two MCS sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CMV promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions (ie1 exon 1 and human beta globin (hbglobin) exon 3 or fragments thereof), two intron sequence regions (ie1 intron 1 and hbglobin exon 3 or fragments thereof), a modulatory polynucleotide region, a human growth hormone (hGH) polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two MCS sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CMV promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions (ie1 exon 1 and human beta globin (hbglobin) exon 3 or fragments thereof), two intron sequence regions (ie1 intron 1 and hbglobin exon 3 or fragments thereof), a modulatory polynucleotide region, a human growth hormone (hGH) polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region. A non-limiting example of an ITR to ITR sequence for use in the AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 33. In Table 33, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYHT20 (SEQ ID NO: 1371)).

TABLE 33 Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences VOYHT20 (SEQ ID NO: 1371) Sequence Regions Region SEQ ID NO Region length 5′ ITR 1380 141 MCS 1385 121 Filler 1394 103 CMV enhancer 1409 303 CMV Promoter 1412 204 Ie1 exon1 1415 134 Ie1 intron1 1418 32 hbglobin intron2 1419 347 hbglobin exon3 1416 53 Modulatory Polynucleotide 1262 163 MCS 1389 14 hGH PolyA Signal 1422 477 3′ ITR 1382 141

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1371 (VOYHT20) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two MCS sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CMV promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions (ie1 exon 1 and human beta globin (hbglobin) exon 3 or fragments thereof), two intron sequence regions (ie1 intron 1 and hbglobin exon 3 or fragments thereof), a modulatory polynucleotide region, a human growth hormone (hGH) polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two MCS sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CMV promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions (ie1 exon 1 and human beta globin (hbglobin) exon 3 or fragments thereof), two intron sequence regions (ie1 intron 1 and hbglobin exon 3 or fragments thereof), a modulatory polynucleotide region, a human growth hormone (hGH) polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region. Non-limiting examples of ITR to ITR sequences for use in the AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 34. In Table 34, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYHT21 (SEQ ID NO: 1372)).

TABLE 34 Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences VOYHT21 VOYHT22 (SEQ ID NO: 1372) (SEQ ID NO: 1373) Sequence Region Region Region Region Regions SEQ ID NO length SEQ ID NO length 5′ ITR 1380 141 1380 141 MCS 1387 18 1387 18 CMV enhancer 1409 303 1409 303 CMV Promoter 1412 204 1412 204 Ie1 exon1 1415 134 1415 134 Ie1 intron1 1418 32 1418 32 Filler 1398 2395 1399 97 hbglobin intron2 1419 347 1419 347 hbglobin exon3 1416 53 1416 53 Modulatory 1262 163 1262 163 Polynucleotide MCS 1389 14 1389 14 hGH PolyA Signal 1422 477 1422 477 3′ ITR 1382 141 1382 141

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO 1372 (VOYHT21) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two MCS sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CMV promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions (ie1 exon 1 and human beta globin (hbglobin) exon 3 or fragments thereof), two intron sequence regions (ie1 intron 1 and hbglobin exon 3 or fragments thereof), a modulatory polynucleotide region, a human growth hormone (hGH) polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1373 (VOYHT22) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two MCS sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CMV promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions (ie1 exon 1 and human beta globin (hbglobin) exon 3 or fragments thereof), two intron sequence regions (ie1 intron 1 and hbglobin exon 3 or fragments thereof), a modulatory polynucleotide region, a human growth hormone (hGH) polyadenylation signal sequence region, and a filler sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a MCS sequence region, an enhancer sequence region, a promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions, two intron sequence regions, a modulatory polynucleotide region, a polyadenylation signal sequence region, and two filler sequence regions.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a MCS sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CMV promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions (ie1 exon 1 and human beta globin (hbglobin) exon 3 or fragments thereof), two intron sequence regions (ie1 intron 1 and hbglobin exon 3 or fragments thereof), a modulatory polynucleotide region, a human growth hormone (hGH) polyadenylation signal sequence region, and two filler sequence regions. A non-limiting example of an ITR to ITR sequence for use in the AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 35. In Table 35, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYHT23 (SEQ ID NO: 1374)).

TABLE 35 Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences VOYHT23 (SEQ ID NO: 1374) Sequence Regions Region SEQ ID NO Region length 5′ ITR 1380 141 Filler 1393 1203 CMV enhancer 1409 303 CMV Promoter 1412 204 Ie1 exon1 1415 134 Ie1 intron1 1418 32 hbglobin intron2 1419 347 hbglobin exon3 1416 53 Modulatory 1262 163 Polynucleotide MCS 1389 14 hGH PolyA Signal 1422 477 Filler 1402 1209 3′ ITR 1382 141

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1374 (VOYHT23) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a MCS sequence region, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CMV promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions (ie1 exon 1 and human beta globin (hbglobin) exon 3 or fragments thereof), two intron sequence regions (ie1 intron 1 and hbglobin exon 3 or fragments thereof), a modulatory polynucleotide region, a human growth hormone (hGH) polyadenylation signal sequence region, and two filler sequence regions.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two MCS sequence regions, an enhancer sequence region, a promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions, two intron sequence regions, a modulatory polynucleotide region, a polyadenylation signal sequence region, and two filler sequence regions.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two MCS sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CMV promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions (ie1 exon 1 and human beta globin (hbglobin) exon 3 or fragments thereof), two intron sequence regions (ie1 intron 1 and hbglobin exon 3 or fragments thereof), a modulatory polynucleotide region, a human growth hormone (hGH) polyadenylation signal sequence region, and two filler sequence regions. A non-limiting example of an ITR to ITR sequence for use in the AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 36. In Table 36, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYHT24 (SEQ ID NO: 1375)).

TABLE 36 Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences VOYHT24 (SEQ ID NO: 1375) Sequence Regions Region SEQ ID NO Region length 5′ ITR 1380 141 MCS 1386 73 Filler 1395 55 CMV enhancer 1409 303 CMV Promoter 1412 204 Ie1 exon1 1415 134 Ie1 intron1 1418 32 hbglobin intron2 1419 347 hbglobin exon3 1416 53 Modulatory 1262 163 Polynucleotide MCS 1389 14 hGH PolyA Signal 1423 476 Filler 1403 56 3′ ITR 1382 141

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1375 (VOYHT24) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two MCS sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CMV promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions (ie1 exon 1 and human beta globin (hbglobin) exon 3 or fragments thereof), two intron sequence regions (ie1 intron 1 and hbglobin exon 3 or fragments thereof), a modulatory polynucleotide region, a human growth hormone (hGH) polyadenylation signal sequence region, and two filler sequence regions.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two MCS sequence regions, an enhancer sequence region, a promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions, two intron sequence regions, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two MCS sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CMV promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions (ie1 exon 1 and human beta globin (hbglobin) exon 3 or fragments thereof), two intron sequence regions (ie1 intron 1 and hbglobin exon 3 or fragments thereof), a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a human growth hormone (hGH) polyadenylation signal sequence region. Non-limiting examples of an ITR to ITR sequences for use in the AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 37. In Table 37, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYHT25 (SEQ ID NO: 1376)).

TABLE 37 Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences VOYHT25 VOYHT26 (SEQ ID NO: 1376) (SEQ ID NO: 1377) Sequence Region Region Region Region Regions SEQ ID NO length SEQ ID NO length 5′ ITR 1380 141 1380 141 MCS 1387 18 1387 18 CMV enhancer 1409 303 1409 303 CMV Promoter 1412 204 1412 204 Ie1 exon1 1415 134 1415 134 Ie1 intron1 1418 32 1418 32 hbglobin intron2 1419 347 1419 347 hbglobin exon3 1416 53 1416 53 Modulatory 1249 158 1262 163 Polynucleotide MCS 1389 14 1389 14 hGH PolyA Signal 1422 477 1422 477 3′ ITR 1382 141 1382 141

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1376 (VOYHT25) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two MCS sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CMV promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions (ie1 exon 1 and human beta globin (hbglobin) exon 3 or fragments thereof), two intron sequence regions (ie1 intron 1 and hbglobin exon 3 or fragments thereof), a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a human growth hormone (hGH) polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1377 (VOYHT26) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, two MCS sequence regions, a CMV enhancer sequence region, a CMV promoter sequence region, two exon sequence regions (ie1 exon 1 and human beta globin (hbglobin) exon 3 or fragments thereof), two intron sequence regions (ie1 intron 1 and hbglobin exon 3 or fragments thereof), a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a human growth hormone (hGH) polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, a promoter sequence region, and a modulatory polynucleotide region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, an H1 promoter sequence region, and a modulatory polynucleotide region. Non-limiting examples of an ITR to ITR sequences for use in the AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 38. In Table 38, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name and sequence identifier of the ITR to ITR sequence (e.g., VOYHT27 (SEQ ID NO: 1378)).

TABLE 38 Sequence Regions in ITR to ITR Sequences VOYHT27 VOYHT28 (SEQ ID NO: 1378) (SEQ ID NO: 1379) Sequence Region Region Region Region Regions SEQ ID NO length SEQ ID NO length 5′ ITR 1381 105 1381 105 H1 Promoter 1413 219 1413 219 Modulatory 1259 260 1249 158 Polynucleotide 3′ ITR 1383 130 1383 130

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1378 (VOYHT27) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, an H1 promoter sequence region, and a modulatory polynucleotide region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises SEQ ID NO: 1379 (VOYHT28) which comprises a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region and a 3′ ITR sequence region, an H1 promoter sequence region, and a modulatory polynucleotide region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises one or two promoter sequence regions, a modulatory polynucleotide sequence region, and a bovine growth hormone (bGH) polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a two promoter sequence regions, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a polyadenylation signal sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a CMV and T7 promoter sequence region, a modulatory polynucleotide region, and a bGH polyadenylation signal sequence region. Non-limiting examples of sequences for use in the AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 39. In Table 39, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name of the sequence (e.g., VOYHT29).

TABLE 39 Sequence Regions VOYHT29 VOYHT30 VOYHT31 VOYHT32 Region Region Region Region Sequence SEQ ID Region SEQ ID Region SEQ ID Region SEQ ID Region Regions NO length NO length NO length NO length CMV 1411 588 1411 588 1411 588 1411 588 Promoter T7 promoter 1414 17 1414 17 1414 17 1414 17 Modulatory 1249 158 1259 260 1255 158 1253 260 Poly nucleotide bGH PolyA 1421 225 1421 225 1421 225 1421 225 Signal

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a CMV promoter sequence region (SEQ ID NO: 1411), a T7 promoter sequence region (SEQ ID NO: 1414), a modulatory polynucleotide sequence region (SEQ ID NO: 1249), and a bGH polyadenylation signal sequence region (SEQ ID NO: 1421).

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a CMV promoter sequence region (SEQ ID NO: 1411), a T7 promoter sequence region (SEQ ID NO: 1414), a modulatory polynucleotide sequence region (SEQ ID NO: 1259), and a bGH polyadenylation signal sequence region (SEQ ID NO: 1421).

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a CMV promoter sequence region (SEQ ID NO: 1411), a T7 promoter sequence region (SEQ ID NO: 1414), a modulatory polynucleotide sequence region (SEQ ID NO: 1255), and a bGH polyadenylation signal sequence region (SEQ ID NO: 1421).

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a CMV promoter sequence region (SEQ ID NO: 1411), a T7 promoter sequence region (SEQ ID NO: 1414), a modulatory polynucleotide sequence region (SEQ ID NO: 1253), and a bGH polyadenylation signal sequence region (SEQ ID NO: 1421).

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises one or two promoter sequence regions, and a modulatory polynucleotide sequence region.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a CMV and T7 promoter sequence region, and a modulatory polynucleotide region. Non-limiting examples of sequences for use in the AAV particles of the present invention having all of the sequence modules above are described in Table 40. In Table 40, the sequence identifier or sequence of the sequence region (Region SEQ ID NO) and the length of the sequence region (Region length) are described as well as the name of the sequence (e.g., VOYHT33).

TABLE 40 Sequence Regions VOYHT33 VOYHT34 Sequence Region Region Region Region Regions SEQ ID NO length SEQ ID NO length CMV Promoter GTTG 4 — — H1 Promoter 1413 219 1413 219 Modulatory 1249 158 1259 260 Polynucleotide

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a CMV promoter sequence region (Sequence: GTTG), a H1 promoter sequence region (SEQ ID NO: 1413), and a modulatory polynucleotide sequence region (SEQ ID NO: 1249).

In one embodiment, the AAV particle viral genome comprises a H1 promoter sequence region (SEQ ID NO: 1413), and a modulatory polynucleotide sequence region (SEQ ID NO: 1259).

AAV particles may be modified to enhance the efficiency of delivery. Such modified AAV particles comprising the nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention can be packaged efficiently and can be used to successfully infect the target cells at high frequency and with minimal toxicity.

In some embodiments, the AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be a human serotype AAV particle. Such human AAV particle may be derived from any known serotype, e.g., from any one of serotypes AAV1-AAV11. As non-limiting examples, AAV particles may be vectors comprising an AAV1-derived genome in an AAV1-derived capsid; vectors comprising an AAV2-derived genome in an AAV2-derived capsid; vectors comprising an AAV4-derived genome in an AAV4 derived capsid; vectors comprising an AAV6-derived genome in an AAV6 derived capsid or vectors comprising an AAV9-derived genome in an AAV9 derived capsid.

In other embodiments, the AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid sequence for encoding siRNA molecules of the present invention may be a pseudotyped hybrid or chimeric AAV particle which contains sequences and/or components originating from at least two different AAV serotypes. Pseudotyped AAV particles may be vectors comprising an AAV genome derived from one AAV serotype and a capsid protein derived at least in part from a different AAV serotype. As non-limiting examples, such pseudotyped AAV particles may be vectors comprising an AAV2-derived genome in an AAV1-derived capsid; or vectors comprising an AAV2-derived genome in an AAV6-derived capsid; or vectors comprising an AAV2-derived genome in an AAV4-derived capsid; or an AAV2-derived genome in an AAV9-derived capsid. In like fashion, the present invention contemplates any hybrid or chimeric AAV particle.

In other embodiments, AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be used to deliver siRNA molecules to the central nervous system (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,180,613; the contents of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety).

In some aspects, the AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may further comprise a modified capsid including peptides from non-viral origin. In other aspects, the AAV particle may contain a CNS specific chimeric capsid to facilitate the delivery of encoded siRNA duplexes into the brain and the spinal cord. For example, an alignment of cap nucleotide sequences from AAV variants exhibiting CNS tropism may be constructed to identify variable region (VR) sequence and structure.

Viral Production

The present disclosure provides a method for the generation of parvoviral particles, e.g. AAV particles, by viral genome replication in a viral replication cell comprising contacting the viral replication cell with an AAV polynucleotide or AAV genome.

The present disclosure provides a method for producing an AAV particle having enhanced (increased, improved) transduction efficiency comprising the steps of: 1) co-transfecting competent bacterial cells with a bacmid vector and either a viral construct vector and/or AAV payload construct vector, 2) isolating the resultant viral construct expression vector and AAV payload construct expression vector and separately transfecting viral replication cells, 3) isolating and purifying resultant payload and viral construct particles comprising viral construct expression vector or AAV payload construct expression vector, 4) co-infecting a viral replication cell with both the AAV payload and viral construct particles comprising viral construct expression vector or AAV payload construct expression vector, 5) harvesting and purifying the viral particle comprising a parvoviral genome.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for producing an AAV particle comprising the steps of 1) simultaneously co-transfecting mammalian cells, such as, but not limited to HEK293 cells, with a payload region, a construct expressing rep and cap genes and a helper construct, 2) harvesting and purifying the AAV particle comprising a viral genome.

Cells

The present disclosure provides a cell comprising an AAV polynucleotide and/or AAV genome.

Viral production disclosed herein describes processes and methods for producing AAV particles that contact a target cell to deliver a payload construct, e.g. a recombinant viral construct, which comprises a polynucleotide sequence encoding a payload molecule.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be produced in a viral replication cell that comprises an insect cell.

Growing conditions for insect cells in culture, and production of heterologous products in insect cells in culture are well-known in the art, see U.S. Pat. No. 6,204,059, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Any insect cell which allows for replication of parvovirus and which can be maintained in culture can be used in accordance with the present invention. Cell lines may be used from Spodoptera frugiperda, including, but not limited to the Sf9 or Sf21 cell lines, Drosophila cell lines, or mosquito cell lines, such as Aedes albopictus derived cell lines. Use of insect cells for expression of heterologous proteins is well documented, as are methods of introducing nucleic acids, such as vectors, e.g., insect-cell compatible vectors, into such cells and methods of maintaining such cells in culture. See, for example, Methods in Molecular Biology, ed. Richard, Humana Press, N J (1995); O'Reilly et al., Baculovirus Expression Vectors, A Laboratory Manual, Oxford Univ. Press (1994); Samulski et al., J. Vir. 63:3822-8 (1989); Kajigaya et al., Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 4646-50 (1991); Ruffing et al., J. Vir. 66:6922-30 (1992); Kimbauer et al., Vir. 219:37-44 (1996); Zhao et al., Vir. 272:382-93 (2000); and Samulski et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,204,059, the contents of each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

The viral replication cell may be selected from any biological organism, including prokaryotic (e.g., bacterial) cells, and eukaryotic cells, including, insect cells, yeast cells and mammalian cells. Viral replication cells may comprise mammalian cells such as A549, WEH1, 3T3, 10T1/2, BHK, MDCK, COS 1, COS 7, BSC 1, BSC 40, BMT 10, VERO, W138, HeLa, HEK293, Saos, C2C12, L cells, HT1080, HepG2 and primary fibroblast, hepatocyte and myoblast cells derived from mammals. Viral replication cells comprise cells derived from mammalian species including, but not limited to, human, monkey, mouse, rat, rabbit, and hamster or cell type, including but not limited to fibroblast, hepatocyte, tumor cell, cell line transformed cell, etc.

Small Scale Production of AAV Particles

Viral production disclosed herein describes processes and methods for producing AAV particles that contact a target cell to deliver a payload, e.g. a recombinant viral construct, which comprises a polynucleotide sequence encoding a payload.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be produced in a viral replication cell that comprises a mammalian cell.

Viral replication cells commonly used for production of recombinant AAV particles include, but are not limited to 293 cells, COS cells, HeLa cells, KB cells, and other mammalian cell lines as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,156,303, 5,387,484, 5,741,683, 5,691,176, and 5,688,676; U.S. patent application 2002/0081721, and International Patent Applications WO 00/47757, WO 00/24916, and WO 96/17947, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.

In one embodiment, AAV particles are produced in mammalian-cells wherein all three VP proteins are expressed at a stoichiometry approaching 1:1:10 (VP1:VP2:VP3). The regulatory mechanisms that allow this controlled level of expression include the production of two mRNAs, one for VP1, and the other for VP2 and VP3, produced by differential splicing.

In another embodiment, AAV particles are produced in mammalian cells using a triple transfection method wherein a payload construct, parvoviral Rep and parvoviral Cap and a helper construct are comprised within three different constructs. The triple transfection method of the three components of AAV particle production may be utilized to produce small lots of virus for assays including transduction efficiency, target tissue (tropism) evaluation, and stability.

Baculovirus

Particle production disclosed herein describes processes and methods for producing AAV particles that contact a target cell to deliver a payload construct which comprises a polynucleotide sequence encoding a payload.

Briefly, the viral construct vector and the AAV payload construct vector are each incorporated by a transposon donor/acceptor system into a bacmid, also known as a baculovirus plasmid, by standard molecular biology techniques known and performed by a person skilled in the art. Transfection of separate viral replication cell populations produces two baculoviruses, one that comprises the viral construct expression vector, and another that comprises the AAV payload construct expression vector. The two baculoviruses may be used to infect a single viral replication cell population for production of AAV particles.

Baculovirus expression vectors for producing viral particles in insect cells, including but not limited to Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells, provide high titers of viral particle product. Recombinant baculovirus encoding the viral construct expression vector and AAV payload construct expression vector initiates a productive infection of viral replicating cells. Infectious baculovirus particles released from the primary infection secondarily infect additional cells in the culture, exponentially infecting the entire cell culture population in a number of infection cycles that is a function of the initial multiplicity of infection, see Urabe, M. et al., J Virol. 2006 February; 80 (4):1874-85, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Production of AAV particles with baculovirus in an insect cell system may address known baculovirus genetic and physical instability. In one embodiment, the production system addresses baculovirus instability over multiple passages by utilizing a titerless infected-cells preservation and scale-up system. Small scale seed cultures of viral producing cells are transfected with viral expression constructs encoding the structural, non-structural, components of the viral particle. Baculovirus-infected viral producing cells are harvested into aliquots that may be cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen; the aliquots retain viability and infectivity for infection of large scale viral producing cell culture Wasilko D J et al., Protein Expr Purif. 2009 June; 65(2):122-32, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

A genetically stable baculovirus may be used to produce source of the one or more of the components for producing AAV particles in invertebrate cells. In one embodiment, defective baculovirus expression vectors may be maintained episomally in insect cells. In such an embodiment the bacmid vector is engineered with replication control elements, including but not limited to promoters, enhancers, and/or cell-cycle regulated replication elements.

In one embodiment, baculoviruses may be engineered with a (non-) selectable marker for recombination into the chitinase/cathepsin locus. The chia/v-cath locus is non-essential for propagating baculovirus in tissue culture, and the V-cath (EC 3.4.22.50) is a cysteine endoprotease that is most active on Arg-Arg dipeptide containing substrates. The Arg-Arg dipeptide is present in densovirus and parvovirus capsid structural proteins but infrequently occurs in dependovirus VP1.

In one embodiment, stable viral replication cells permissive for baculovirus infection are engineered with at least one stable integrated copy of any of the elements necessary for AAV replication and viral particle production including, but not limited to, the entire AAV genome, Rep and Cap genes, Rep genes, Cap genes, each Rep protein as a separate transcription cassette, each VP protein as a separate transcription cassette, the AAP (assembly activation protein), or at least one of the baculovirus helper genes with native or non-native promoters.

Large-Scale Production

In some embodiments, AAV particle production may be modified to increase the scale of production. Large scale viral production methods according to the present disclosure may include any of those taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,756,283, 6,258,595, 6,261,551, 6,270,996, 6,281,010, 6,365,394, 6,475,769, 6,482,634, 6,485,966, 6,943,019, 6,953,690, 7,022,519, 7,238,526, 7,291,498 and 7,491,508 or International Publication Nos. WO1996039530, WO1998010088, WO1999014354, WO1999015685, WO1999047691, WO2000055342, WO2000075353 and WO2001023597, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Methods of increasing viral particle production scale typically comprise increasing the number of viral replication cells. In some embodiments, viral replication cells comprise adherent cells. To increase the scale of viral particle production by adherent viral replication cells, larger cell culture surfaces are required. In some cases, large-scale production methods comprise the use of roller bottles to increase cell culture surfaces. Other cell culture substrates with increased surface areas are known in the art. Examples of additional adherent cell culture products with increased surface areas include, but are not limited to CELLSTACK®, CELLCUBE® (Corning Corp., Corning, N.Y.) and NUNC™ CELL FACTORY™ (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, Mass.) In some cases, large-scale adherent cell surfaces may comprise from about 1,000 cm² to about 100,000 cm². In some cases, large-scale adherent cell cultures may comprise from about 10⁷ to about 10⁹ cells, from about 10⁸ to about 10^(1U) cells, from about 10⁹ to about 10¹² cells or at least 10¹² cells. In some cases, large-scale adherent cultures may produce from about 10⁹ to about 10¹², from about 10¹⁰ to about 10¹³, from about 10¹¹ to about 10¹⁴, from about 10¹² to about 10¹⁵ or at least 10¹⁵ viral particles.

In some embodiments, large-scale viral production methods of the present disclosure may comprise the use of suspension cell cultures. Suspension cell culture allows for significantly increased numbers of cells. Typically, the number of adherent cells that can be grown on about 10-50 cm² of surface area can be grown in about 1 cm³ volume in suspension.

Transfection of replication cells in large-scale culture formats may be carried out according to any methods known in the art. For large-scale adherent cell cultures, transfection methods may include, but are not limited to the use of inorganic compounds (e.g. calcium phosphate), organic compounds [e.g. polyethyleneimine (PEI)] or the use of non-chemical methods (e.g. electroporation.) With cells grown in suspension, transfection methods may include, but are not limited to the use of calcium phosphate and the use of PEI. In some cases, transfection of large scale suspension cultures may be carried out according to the section entitled “Transfection Procedure” described in Feng, L. et al., 2008. Biotechnol Appl. Biochem. 50:121-32, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. According to such embodiments, PEI-DNA complexes may be formed for introduction of plasmids to be transfected. In some cases, cells being transfected with PEI-DNA complexes may be ‘shocked’ prior to transfection. This comprises lowering cell culture temperatures to 4° C. for a period of about 1 hour. In some cases, cell cultures may be shocked for a period of from about 10 minutes to about 5 hours. In some cases, cell cultures may be shocked at a temperature of from about 0° C. to about 20° C.

In some cases, transfections may include one or more vectors for expression of an RNA effector molecule to reduce expression of nucleic acids from one or more AAV payload construct. Such methods may enhance the production of viral particles by reducing cellular resources wasted on expressing payload constructs. In some cases, such methods may be carried according to those taught in US Publication No. US2014/0099666, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Bioreactors

In some embodiments, cell culture bioreactors may be used for large scale viral production. In some cases, bioreactors comprise stirred tank reactors. Such reactors generally comprise a vessel, typically cylindrical in shape, with a stirrer (e.g. impeller.) In some embodiments, such bioreactor vessels may be placed within a water jacket to control vessel temperature and/or to minimize effects from ambient temperature changes. Bioreactor vessel volume may range in size from about 500 ml to about 2 L, from about 1 L to about 5 L, from about 2.5 L to about 20 L, from about 10 L to about 50 L, from about 25 L to about 100 L, from about 75 L to about 500 L, from about 250 L to about 2,000 L, from about 1,000 L to about 10,000 L, from about 5,000 L to about 50,000 L or at least 50,000 L. Vessel bottoms may be rounded or flat. In some cases, animal cell cultures may be maintained in bioreactors with rounded vessel bottoms.

In some cases, bioreactor vessels may be warmed through the use of a thermocirculator. Thermocirculators pump heated water around water jackets. In some cases, heated water may be pumped through pipes (e.g. coiled pipes) that are present within bioreactor vessels. In some cases, warm air may be circulated around bioreactors, including, but not limited to air space directly above culture medium. Additionally, pH and CO₂ levels may be maintained to optimize cell viability.

In some cases, bioreactors may comprise hollow-fiber reactors. Hollow-fiber bioreactors may support the culture of both anchorage dependent and anchorage independent cells. Further bioreactors may include, but are not limited to packed-bed or fixed-bed bioreactors. Such bioreactors may comprise vessels with glass beads for adherent cell attachment. Further packed-bed reactors may comprise ceramic beads.

In some cases, viral particles are produced through the use of a disposable bioreactor. In some embodiments, such bioreactors may include WAVE™ disposable bioreactors.

In some embodiments, AAV particle production in animal cell bioreactor cultures may be carried out according to the methods taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,064,764, 6,194,191, 6,566,118, 8,137,948 or US Patent Application No. US2011/0229971, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Cell Lysis

Cells of the invention, including, but not limited to viral production cells, may be subjected to cell lysis according to any methods known in the art. Cell lysis may be carried out to obtain one or more agents (e.g. viral particles) present within any cells of the invention. In some embodiments, cell lysis may be carried out according to any of the methods listed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,326,555, 7,579,181, 7,048,920, 6,410,300, 6,436,394, 7,732,129, 7,510,875, 7,445,930, 6,726,907, 6,194,191, 7,125,706, 6,995,006, 6,676,935, 7,968,333, 5,756,283, 6,258,595, 6,261,551, 6,270,996, 6,281,010, 6,365,394, 6,475,769, 6,482,634, 6,485,966, 6,943,019, 6,953,690, 7,022,519, 7,238,526, 7,291,498 and 7,491,508 or International Publication Nos. WO 1996039530, WO 1998010088, WO 1999014354, WO 1999015685, WO 1999047691, WO2000055342, WO2000075353 and WO2001023597, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Cell lysis methods may be chemical or mechanical. Chemical cell lysis typically comprises contacting one or more cells with one or more lysis agent. Mechanical lysis typically comprises subjecting one or more cells to one or more lysis condition and/or one or more lysis force.

In some embodiments, chemical lysis may be used to lyse cells. As used herein, the term “lysis agent” refers to any agent that may aid in the disruption of a cell. In some cases, lysis agents are introduced in solutions, termed lysis solutions or lysis buffers. As used herein, the term “lysis solution” refers to a solution (typically aqueous) comprising one or more lysis agent. In addition to lysis agents, lysis solutions may include one or more buffering agents, solubilizing agents, surfactants, preservatives, cryoprotectants, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors and/or chelators. Lysis buffers are lysis solutions comprising one or more buffering agent. Additional components of lysis solutions may include one or more solubilizing agent. As used herein, the term “solubilizing agent” refers to a compound that enhances the solubility of one or more components of a solution and/or the solubility of one or more entities to which solutions are applied. In some cases, solubilizing agents enhance protein solubility. In some cases, solubilizing agents are selected based on their ability to enhance protein solubility while maintaining protein conformation and/or activity.

Exemplary lysis agents may include any of those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,685,734, 7,901,921, 7,732,129, 7,223,585, 7,125,706, 8,236,495, 8,110,351, 7,419,956, 7,300,797, 6,699,706 and 6,143,567, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some cases, lysis agents may be selected from lysis salts, amphoteric agents, cationic agents, ionic detergents and non-ionic detergents. Lysis salts may include, but are not limited to sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl.) Further lysis salts may include any of those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,614,101, 7,326,555, 7,579,181, 7,048,920, 6,410,300, 6,436,394, 7,732,129, 7,510,875, 7,445,930, 6,726,907, 6,194,191, 7,125,706, 6,995,006, 6,676,935 and 7,968,333, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Concentrations of salts may be increased or decreased to obtain an effective concentration for rupture of cell membranes. Amphoteric agents, as referred to herein, are compounds capable of reacting as an acid or a base. Amphoteric agents may include, but are not limited to lysophosphatidylcholine, 3-((3-Cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), ZWITTERGENT® and the like. Cationic agents may include, but are not limited to cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C (16) TAB) and Benzalkonium chloride. Lysis agents comprising detergents may include ionic detergents or non-ionic detergents. Detergents may function to break apart or dissolve cell structures including, but not limited to cell membranes, cell walls, lipids, carbohydrates, lipoproteins and glycoproteins. Exemplary ionic detergents include any of those taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,625,570 and 6,593,123 or US Publication No. US2014/0087361, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Some ionic detergents may include, but are not limited to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cholate and deoxycholate. In some cases, ionic detergents may be included in lysis solutions as a solubilizing agent. Non-ionic detergents may include, but are not limited to octylglucoside, digitonin, lubrol, C12E8, TWEEN®-20, TWEEN®-80, Triton X-100 and Noniodet P-40. Non-ionic detergents are typically weaker lysis agents, but may be included as solubilizing agents for solubilizing cellular and/or viral proteins. Further lysis agents may include enzymes and urea. In some cases, one or more lysis agents may be combined in a lysis solution in order to enhance one or more of cell lysis and protein solubility. In some cases, enzyme inhibitors may be included in lysis solutions in order to prevent proteolysis that may be triggered by cell membrane disruption.

In some embodiments, mechanical cell lysis is carried out. Mechanical cell lysis methods may include the use of one or more lysis condition and/or one or more lysis force. As used herein, the term “lysis condition” refers to a state or circumstance that promotes cellular disruption. Lysis conditions may comprise certain temperatures, pressures, osmotic purity, salinity and the like. In some cases, lysis conditions comprise increased or decreased temperatures. According to some embodiments, lysis conditions comprise changes in temperature to promote cellular disruption. Cell lysis carried out according to such embodiments may include freeze-thaw lysis. As used herein, the term “freeze-thaw lysis” refers to cellular lysis in which a cell solution is subjected to one or more freeze-thaw cycle. According to freeze-thaw lysis methods, cells in solution are frozen to induce a mechanical disruption of cellular membranes caused by the formation and expansion of ice crystals. Cell solutions used according freeze-thaw lysis methods, may further comprise one or more lysis agents, solubilizing agents, buffering agents, cryoprotectants, surfactants, preservatives, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors and/or chelators. Once cell solutions subjected to freezing are thawed, such components may enhance the recovery of desired cellular products. In some cases, one or more cryoprotectants are included in cell solutions undergoing freeze-thaw lysis. As used herein, the term “cryoprotectant” refers to an agent used to protect one or more substance from damage due to freezing. Cryoprotectants may include any of those taught in US Publication No. US2013/0323302 or U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,503,888, 6,180,613, 7,888,096, 7,091,030, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some cases, cryoprotectants may include, but are not limited to dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,2-propanediol, 2,3-butanediol, formamide, glycerol, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol and n-dimethyl formamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxyethyl starch, agarose, dextrans, inositol, glucose, hydroxyethylstarch, lactose, sorbitol, methyl glucose, sucrose and urea. In some embodiments, freeze-thaw lysis may be carried out according to any of the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,704,721, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

As used herein, the term “lysis force” refers to a physical activity used to disrupt a cell. Lysis forces may include, but are not limited to mechanical forces, sonic forces, gravitational forces, optical forces, electrical forces and the like. Cell lysis carried out by mechanical force is referred to herein as “mechanical lysis.” Mechanical forces that may be used according to mechanical lysis may include high shear fluid forces. According to such methods of mechanical lysis, a microfluidizer may be used. Microfluidizers typically comprise an inlet reservoir where cell solutions may be applied. Cell solutions may then be pumped into an interaction chamber via a pump (e.g. high-pressure pump) at high speed and/or pressure to produce shear fluid forces. Resulting lysates may then be collected in one or more output reservoir. Pump speed and/or pressure may be adjusted to modulate cell lysis and enhance recovery of products (e.g. viral particles.) Other mechanical lysis methods may include physical disruption of cells by scraping.

Cell lysis methods may be selected based on the cell culture format of cells to be lysed. For example, with adherent cell cultures, some chemical and mechanical lysis methods may be used. Such mechanical lysis methods may include freeze-thaw lysis or scraping. In another example, chemical lysis of adherent cell cultures may be carried out through incubation with lysis solutions comprising surfactant, such as Triton-X-100. In some cases, cell lysates generated from adherent cell cultures may be treated with one more nuclease to lower the viscosity of the lysates caused by liberated DNA.

In one embodiment, a method for harvesting AAV particles without lysis may be used for efficient and scalable AAV particle production. In a non-limiting example, AAV particles may be produced by culturing an AAV particle lacking a heparin binding site, thereby allowing the AAV particle to pass into the supernatant, in a cell culture, collecting supernatant from the culture; and isolating the AAV particle from the supernatant, as described in US Patent Application 20090275107, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Clarification

Cell lysates comprising viral particles may be subjected to clarification. Clarification refers to initial steps taken in purification of viral particles from cell lysates. Clarification serves to prepare lysates for further purification by removing larger, insoluble debris. Clarification steps may include, but are not limited to centrifugation and filtration. During clarification, centrifugation may be carried out at low speeds to remove larger debris only. Similarly, filtration may be carried out using filters with larger pore sizes so that only larger debris is removed. In some cases, tangential flow filtration may be used during clarification. Objectives of viral clarification include high throughput processing of cell lysates and to optimize ultimate viral recovery. Advantages of including a clarification step include scalability for processing of larger volumes of lysate. In some embodiments, clarification may be carried out according to any of the methods presented in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,524,446, 5,756,283, 6,258,595, 6,261,551, 6,270,996, 6,281,010, 6,365,394, 6,475,769, 6,482,634, 6,485,966, 6,943,019, 6,953,690, 7,022,519, 7,238,526, 7,291,498, 7,491,508, US Publication Nos. US2013/0045186, US2011/0263027, US2011/0151434, US2003/0138772, and International Publication Nos. WO2002012455, WO1996039530, WO1998010088, WO1999014354, WO1999015685, WO1999047691, WO2000055342, WO2000075353 and WO2001023597, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Methods of cell lysate clarification by filtration are well understood in the art and may be carried out according to a variety of available methods including, but not limited to passive filtration and flow filtration. Filters used may comprise a variety of materials and pore sizes. For example, cell lysate filters may comprise pore sizes of from about 1 μM to about 5 μM, from about 0.5 μM to about 2 μM, from about 0.1 μM to about 1 μM, from about 0.05 μM to about 0.05 μM and from about 0.001 μM to about 0.1 μM. Exemplary pore sizes for cell lysate filters may include, but are not limited to, 2.0, 1.9, 1.8, 1.7, 1.6, 1.5, 1.4, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.95, 0.9, 0.85, 0.8, 0.75, 0.7, 0.65, 0.6, 0.55, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3, 0.25, 0.2, 0.15, 0.1, 0.05, 0.22, 0.21, 0.20, 0.19, 0.18, 0.17, 0.16, 0.15, 0.14, 0.13, 0.12, 0.11, 0.1, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, 0.06, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01, 0.02, 0.019, 0.018, 0.017, 0.016, 0.015, 0.014, 0.013, 0.012, 0.011, 0.01, 0.009, 0.008, 0.007, 0.006, 0.005, 0.004, 0.003, 0.002, 0.001 and 0.001 μM. In one embodiment, clarification may comprise filtration through a filter with 2.0 μM pore size to remove large debris, followed by passage through a filter with 0.45 μM pore size to remove intact cells.

Filter materials may be composed of a variety of materials. Such materials may include, but are not limited to polymeric materials and metal materials (e.g. sintered metal and pored aluminum.) Exemplary materials may include, but are not limited to nylon, cellulose materials (e.g. cellulose acetate), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethersulfone, polyamide, polysulfone, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate. In some cases, filters useful for clarification of cell lysates may include, but are not limited to ULTIPLEAT PROFILE™ filters (Pall Corporation, Port Washington, NY), SUPOR™ membrane filters (Pall Corporation, Port Washington, NY)

In some cases, flow filtration may be carried out to increase filtration speed and/or effectiveness. In some cases, flow filtration may comprise vacuum filtration. According to such methods, a vacuum is created on the side of the filter opposite that of cell lysate to be filtered. In some cases, cell lysates may be passed through filters by centrifugal forces. In some cases, a pump is used to force cell lysate through clarification filters. Flow rate of cell lysate through one or more filters may be modulated by adjusting one of channel size and/or fluid pressure.

According to some embodiments, cell lysates may be clarified by centrifugation. Centrifugation may be used to pellet insoluble particles in the lysate. During clarification, centrifugation strength [expressed in terms of gravitational units (g), which represents multiples of standard gravitational force] may be lower than in subsequent purification steps. In some cases, centrifugation may be carried out on cell lysates at from about 200 g to about 800 g, from about 500 g to about 1500 g, from about 1000 g to about 5000 g, from about 1200 g to about 10000 g or from about 8000 g to about 15000 g. In some embodiments, cell lysate centrifugation is carried out at 8000 g for 15 minutes. In some cases, density gradient centrifugation may be carried out in order to partition particulates in the cell lysate by sedimentation rate. Gradients used according to methods of the present disclosure may include, but are not limited to cesium chloride gradients and iodixanol step gradients.

Purification: Chromatography

In some cases, AAV particles may be purified from clarified cell lysates by one or more methods of chromatography. Chromatography refers to any number of methods known in the art for separating out one or more elements from a mixture. Such methods may include, but are not limited to ion exchange chromatography (e.g. cation exchange chromatography and anion exchange chromatography), immunoaffinity chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography. In some embodiments, methods of viral chromatography may include any of those taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,756,283, 6,258,595, 6,261,551, 6,270,996, 6,281,010, 6,365,394, 6,475,769, 6,482,634, 6,485,966, 6,943,019, 6,953,690, 7,022,519, 7,238,526, 7,291,498 and 7,491,508 or International Publication Nos. WO1996039530, WO1998010088, WO 1999014354, WO 1999015685, WO 1999047691, WO2000055342, WO2000075353 and WO2001023597, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

In some embodiments, ion exchange chromatography may be used to isolate viral particles. Ion exchange chromatography is used to bind viral particles based on charge-charge interactions between capsid proteins and charged sites present on a stationary phase, typically a column through which viral preparations (e.g. clarified lysates) are passed. After application of viral preparations, bound viral particles may then be eluted by applying an elution solution to disrupt the charge-charge interactions. Elution solutions may be optimized by adjusting salt concentration and/or pH to enhance recovery of bound viral particles. Depending on the charge of viral capsids being isolated, cation or anion exchange chromatography methods may be selected. Methods of ion exchange chromatography may include, but are not limited to any of those taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,419,817, 6,143,548, 7,094,604, 6,593,123, 7,015,026 and 8,137,948, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

In some embodiments, immunoaffinity chromatography may be used. Immunoaffinity chromatography is a form of chromatography that utilizes one or more immune compounds (e.g. antibodies or antibody-related structures) to retain viral particles. Immune compounds may bind specifically to one or more structures on viral particle surfaces, including, but not limited to one or more viral coat protein. In some cases, immune compounds may be specific for a particular viral variant. In some cases, immune compounds may bind to multiple viral variants. In some embodiments, immune compounds may include recombinant single-chain antibodies. Such recombinant single chain antibodies may include those described in Smith, R. H. et al., 2009. Mol. Ther. 17(11):1888-96, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Such immune compounds are capable of binding to several AAV capsid variants, including, but not limited to AAV1, AAV2, AAV6 and AAV8.

In some embodiments, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) may be used. SEC may comprise the use of a gel to separate particles according to size. In viral particle purification, SEC filtration is sometimes referred to as “polishing.” In some cases. SEC may be carried out to generate a final product that is near-homogenous. Such final products may in some cases be used in pre-clinical studies and/or clinical studies (Kotin, R. M. 2011. Human Molecular Genetics. 20(1):R2-R6, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.) In some cases, SEC may be carried out according to any of the methods taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,143,548, 7,015,026, 8,476,418, 6,410,300, 8,476,418, 7,419,817, 7,094,604, 6,593,123, and 8,137,948, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

In one embodiment, the compositions comprising at least one AAV particle may be isolated or purified using the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,146,874, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the compositions comprising at least one AAV particle may be isolated or purified using the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,660,514, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the compositions comprising at least one AAV particle may be isolated or purified using the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the compositions comprising at least one AAV particle may be isolated or purified using the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,524,446, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

II. Formulation and Delivery

Pharmaceutical Compositions and Formulation

In addition to the pharmaceutical compositions (AAV particles comprising a modulatory polynucleotide sequence encoding the siRNA molecules), provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions which are suitable for administration to humans, it will be understood by the skilled artisan that such compositions are generally suitable for administration to any other animal, e.g., to non-human animals, e.g. non-human mammals. Modification of pharmaceutical compositions suitable for administration to humans in order to render the compositions suitable for administration to various animals is well understood, and the ordinarily skilled veterinary pharmacologist can design and/or perform such modification with merely ordinary, if any, experimentation. Subjects to which administration of the pharmaceutical compositions is contemplated include, but are not limited to, humans and/or other primates; mammals, including commercially relevant mammals such as cattle, pigs, horses, sheep, cats, dogs, mice, and/or rats; and/or birds, including commercially relevant birds such as poultry, chickens, ducks, geese, and/or turkeys.

In some embodiments, compositions are administered to humans, human patients or subjects. For the purposes of the present disclosure, the phrase “active ingredient” generally refers either to the synthetic siRNA duplexes, the modulatory polynucleotide encoding the siRNA duplex, or the AAV particle comprising a modulatory polynucleotide encoding the siRNA duplex described herein.

Formulations of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein may be prepared by any method known or hereafter developed in the art of pharmacology. In general, such preparatory methods include the step of bringing the active ingredient into association with an excipient and/or one or more other accessory ingredients, and then, if necessary and/or desirable, dividing, shaping and/or packaging the product into a desired single- or multi-dose unit.

Relative amounts of the active ingredient, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, and/or any additional ingredients in a pharmaceutical composition in accordance with the invention will vary, depending upon the identity, size, and/or condition of the subject treated and further depending upon the route by which the composition is to be administered.

The AAV particles comprising the modulatory polynucleotide sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention can be formulated using one or more excipients to: (1) increase stability; (2) increase cell transfection or transduction; (3) permit the sustained or delayed release; or (4) alter the biodistribution (e.g., target the AAV particle to specific tissues or cell types such as brain and neurons).

Formulations of the present invention can include, without limitation, saline, lipidoids, liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, polymers, lipoplexes, core-shell nanoparticles, peptides, proteins, cells transfected with AAV particles (e.g., for transplantation into a subject), nanoparticle mimics and combinations thereof. Further, the AAV particles of the present invention may be formulated using self-assembled nucleic acid nanoparticles.

Formulations of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein may be prepared by any method known or hereafter developed in the art of pharmacology. In general, such preparatory methods include the step of associating the active ingredient with an excipient and/or one or more other accessory ingredients.

A pharmaceutical composition in accordance with the present disclosure may be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in bulk, as a single unit dose, and/or as a plurality of single unit doses. As used herein, a “unit dose” refers to a discrete amount of the pharmaceutical composition comprising a predetermined amount of the active ingredient. The amount of the active ingredient is generally equal to the dosage of the active ingredient which would be administered to a subject and/or a convenient fraction of such a dosage such as, for example, one-half or one-third of such a dosage.

Relative amounts of the active ingredient, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, and/or any additional ingredients in a pharmaceutical composition in accordance with the present disclosure may vary, depending upon the identity, size, and/or condition of the subject being treated and further depending upon the route by which the composition is to be administered. For example, the composition may comprise between 0.1% and 99% (w/w) of the active ingredient. By way of example, the composition may comprise between 0.1% and 100%, e.g., between 0.5 and 50%, between 1-30%, between 5-80%, at least 80% (w/w) active ingredient.

In some embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient may be at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% pure. In some embodiments, an excipient is approved for use for humans and for veterinary use. In some embodiments, an excipient may be approved by United States Food and Drug Administration. In some embodiments, an excipient may be of pharmaceutical grade. In some embodiments, an excipient may meet the standards of the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), the European Pharmacopoeia (EP), the British Pharmacopoeia, and/or the International Pharmacopoeia.

Excipients, which, as used herein, includes, but is not limited to, any and all solvents, dispersion media, diluents, or other liquid vehicles, dispersion or suspension aids, surface active agents, isotonic agents, thickening or emulsifying agents, preservatives, and the like, as suited to the particular dosage form desired. Various excipients for formulating pharmaceutical compositions and techniques for preparing the composition are known in the art (see Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21^(st) Edition, A. R. Gennaro, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Md., 2006; incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). The use of a conventional excipient medium may be contemplated within the scope of the present disclosure, except insofar as any conventional excipient medium may be incompatible with a substance or its derivatives, such as by producing any undesirable biological effect or otherwise interacting in a deleterious manner with any other component(s) of the pharmaceutical composition.

Exemplary diluents include, but are not limited to, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate lactose, sucrose, cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, kaolin, mannitol, sorbitol, inositol, sodium chloride, dry starch, cornstarch, powdered sugar, etc., and/or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the formulations may comprise at least one inactive ingredient. As used herein, the term “inactive ingredient” refers to one or more inactive agents included in formulations. In some embodiments, all, none or some of the inactive ingredients which may be used in the formulations of the present invention may be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Formulations of vectors comprising the nucleic acid sequence for the siRNA molecules of the present invention may include cations or anions. In one embodiment, the formulations include metal cations such as, but not limited to, Zn2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Mg+ and combinations thereof.

As used herein, “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by converting an existing acid or base moiety to its salt form (e.g., by reacting the free base group with a suitable organic acid). Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like. Representative acid addition salts include acetate, acetic acid, adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzene sulfonic acid, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentancpropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptonate, hexanoate, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate salts, and the like. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like, as well as nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations, including, but not limited to ammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, ethylamine, and the like. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present disclosure include the conventional non-toxic salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present disclosure can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two; generally, nonaqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile are preferred. Lists of suitable salts are found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17^(th) ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 1985, p. 1418, Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties. Selection, and Use, P. H. Stahl and C. G. Wermuth (eds.), Wiley-VCH, 2008, and Berge et al., Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 66, 1-19 (1977), the content of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable solvate,” as used herein, means a compound of the invention wherein molecules of a suitable solvent are incorporated in the crystal lattice. A suitable solvent is physiologically tolerable at the dosage administered. For example, solvates may be prepared by crystallization, recrystallization, or precipitation from a solution that includes organic solvents, water, or a mixture thereof. Examples of suitable solvents are ethanol, water (for example, mono-, di-, and tri-hydrates), N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N′-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N′-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMEU), 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-(1H)-pyrimidinone (DMPU), acetonitrile (ACN), propylene glycol, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, 2-pyrrolidone, benzyl benzoate, and the like. When water is the solvent, the solvate is referred to as a “hydrate.”

According to the present invention, the AAV particle comprising the modulatory polynucleotide sequence encoding for the siRNA molecules may be formulated for CNS delivery. Agents that cross the brain blood barrier may be used. For example, some cell penetrating peptides that can target siRNA molecules to the brain blood barrier endothelium may be used to formulate the siRNA duplexes targeting the HTT gene.

Inactive Ingredients

In some embodiments, formulations may comprise at least one excipient which is an inactive ingredient. As used herein, the term “inactive ingredient” refers to one or more inactive agents included in formulations. In some embodiments, all, none or some of the inactive ingredients which may be used in the formulations of the present disclosure may be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Formulations of AAV particles described herein may include cations or anions. In one embodiment, the formulations include metal cations such as, but not limited to, Zn2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Mg+ and combinations thereof. As a non-limiting example, formulations may include polymers and compositions described herein complexed with a metal cation (See e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,265,389 and 6,555,525, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety).

Delivery

In one embodiment, the AAV particles described herein may be administered or delivered using the methods for the delivery of AAV virions described in European Patent Application No. EP1857552, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles described herein may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering proteins using AAV vectors described in European Patent Application No. EP2678433, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle described herein may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering DNA molecules using AAV vectors described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,858,351, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle described herein may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering DNA to the bloodstream described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,211,163, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle described herein may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering AAV virions described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,325,998, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle described herein may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering a payload to the central nervous system described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,588,757, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle described herein may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering a payload described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,283,151, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle described herein may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering a payload using a glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) delivery vector described in International Patent Publication No. WO2001089583, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle described herein may be administered or delivered using the methods for delivering a payload to neural cells described in International Patent Publication No. WO2012057363, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Delivery to Cells

The present disclosure provides a method of delivering to a cell or tissue any of the above-described AAV polynucleotides or AAV genomes, comprising contacting the cell or tissue with said AAV polynucleotide or AAV genomes or contacting the cell or tissue with a particle comprising said AAV polynucleotide or AAV genome, or contacting the cell or tissue with any of the described compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions. The method of delivering the AAV polynucleotide or AAV genome to a cell or tissue can be accomplished in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo.

Introduction into Cells—Synthetic dsRNA

To ensure the chemical and biological stability of siRNA molecules (e.g., siRNA duplexes and dsRNA), it is important to deliver siRNA molecules inside the target cells. In some embodiments, the cells may include, but are not limited to, cells of mammalian origin, cells of human origins, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, neural stem cells, and neural progenitor cells.

Nucleic acids, including siRNA, carry a net negative charge on the sugar-phosphate backbone under normal physiological conditions. In order to enter the cell, a siRNA molecule must come into contact with a lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, whose head groups are also negatively charged.

The siRNA duplexes can be complexed with a carrier that allows them to traverse cell membranes such as package particles to facilitate cellular uptake of the siRNA. The package particles may include, but are not limited to, liposomes, nanoparticles, cationic lipids, polyethylenimine derivatives, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes and the combination of carbon-made nanoparticles with dendrimers. Lipids may be cationic lipids and/or neutral lipids. In addition to well established lipophilic complexes between siRNA molecules and cationic carriers, siRNA molecules can be conjugated to a hydrophobic moiety, such as cholesterol (e.g., U.S. Patent Publication No. 20110110937; the content of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety). This delivery method holds a potential of improving m vitro cellular uptake and in vivo pharmacological properties of siRNA molecules. The siRNA molecules of the present invention may also be conjugated to certain cationic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), such as MPG, transportan or penetratin covalently or non-covalently (e.g., U.S. Patent Publication No. 20110086425; the content of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety).

Introduction into Cells—AAV Particles

The siRNA molecules (e.g., siRNA duplexes) of the present invention may be introduced into cells using any of a variety of approaches such as, but not limited to, AAV particles. These AAV particles are engineered and optimized to facilitate the entry of siRNA molecule into cells that are not readily amendable to transfection. Also, some synthetic AAV particles possess an ability to integrate the shRNA into the cell genome, thereby leading to stable siRNA expression and long-term knockdown of a target gene. In this manner, AAV particles are engineered as vehicles for specific delivery while lacking the deleterious replication and/or integration features found in wild-type virus.

In some embodiments, the siRNA molecules of the present invention are introduced into a cell by contacting the cell with an AAV particle comprising a modulatory polynucleotide sequence encoding a siRNA molecule, and a lipophilic carrier. In other embodiments, the siRNA molecule is introduced into a cell by transfecting or infecting the cell with an AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid sequence capable of producing the siRNA molecule when transcribed in the cell. In some embodiments, the siRNA molecule is introduced into a cell by injecting into the cell an AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid sequence capable of producing the siRNA molecule when transcribed in the cell.

In some embodiments, prior to transfection, an AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be transfected into cells.

In other embodiments, the AAV particles comprising the nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be delivered into cells by electroporation (e.g. U.S. Patent Publication No. 20050014264; the content of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety).

Other methods for introducing AAV particles comprising the nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules described herein may include photochemical internalization as described in U.S. Patent publication No. 20120264807; the content of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In some embodiments, the formulations described herein may contain at least one AAV particle comprising the nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules described herein. In one embodiment, the siRNA molecules may target the HTT gene at one target site. In another embodiment, the formulation comprises a plurality of AAV particles, each AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a siRNA molecule targeting the HTT gene at a different target site. The HTT may be targeted at 2, 3, 4, 5 or more than 5 sites.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles from any relevant species, such as, but not limited to, human, dog, mouse, rat or monkey may be introduced into cells.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be introduced into cells which are relevant to the disease to be treated. As a non-limiting example, the disease is HD and the target cells are neurons and astrocytes. As another non-limiting example, the disease is HD and the target cells are medium spiny neurons, cortical neurons and astrocytes.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be introduced into cells which have a high level of endogenous expression of the target sequence.

In another embodiment, the AAV particles may be introduced into cells which have a low level of endogenous expression of the target sequence.

In one embodiment, the cells may be those which have a high efficiency of AAV transduction.

Delivery to Subjects

The present disclosure additionally provides a method of delivering to a subject, including a mammalian subject, any of the above-described AAV polynucleotides or AAV genomes comprising administering to the subject said AAV polynucleotide or AAV genome, or administering to the subject a particle comprising said AAV polynucleotide or AAV genome, or administering to the subject any of the described compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions.

The pharmaceutical compositions of AAV particles described herein may be characterized by one or more of bioavailability, therapeutic window and/or volume of distribution.

III. Administration and Dosing

Administration

The AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be administered by any route which results in a therapeutically effective outcome. These include, but are not limited to, within the parenchyma of an organ such as, but not limited to, a brain (e.g., intraparenchymal), corpus striatum (intrastriatal), enteral (into the intestine), gastroenteral, epidural, oral (by way of the mouth), transdermal, peridural, intracerebral (into the cerebrum), intracerebroventricular (into the cerebral ventricles), subpial (under the pia), epicutaneous (application onto the skin), intradermal, (into the skin itself), subcutaneous (under the skin), nasal administration (through the nose), intravenous (into a vein), intravenous bolus, intravenous drip, intraarterial (into an artery), intramuscular (into a muscle), intracardiac (into the heart), intraosseous infusion (into the bone marrow), intrathecal (into the spinal canal), intraganglionic (into the ganglion), intraperitoneal, (infusion or injection into the peritoneum), intravesical infusion, intravitreal, (through the eye), intravenous injection (into a pathologic cavity) intracavitary (into the base of the penis), intravaginal administration, intrauterine, extra-amniotic administration, transdermal (diffusion through the intact skin for systemic distribution), transmucosal (diffusion through a mucous membrane), transvaginal, insufflation (snorting), sublingual, sublabial, enema, eye drops (onto the conjunctiva), in car drops, auricular (in or by way of the ear), buccal (directed toward the cheek), conjunctival, cutaneous, dental (to a tooth or teeth), electro-osmosis, endocervical, endosinusial, endotracheal, extracorporeal, hemodialysis, infiltration, interstitial, intra-abdominal, intra-amniotic, intra-articular, intrabiliary, intrabronchial, intrabursal, intracartilaginous (within a cartilage), intracaudal (within the cauda equine), intracisternal (within the cisterna magna cerebellomedularis), intracorneal (within the cornea), dental intracornal, intracoronary (within the coronary arteries), intracorporus cavemosum (within the dilatable spaces of the corporus cavernosa of the penis), intradiscal (within a disc), intraductal (within a duct of a gland), intraduodenal (within the duodenum), intradural (within or beneath the dura), intraepidermal (to the epidermis), intraesophageal (to the esophagus), intragastric (within the stomach), intragingival (within the gingivae), intrailcal (within the distal portion of the small intestine), intralesional (within or introduced directly to a localized lesion), intraluminal (within a lumen of a tube), intralymphatic (within the lymph), intramedullary (within the marrow cavity of a bone), intrameningeal (within the meninges), intraocular (within the eye), intraovarian (within the ovary), intrapericardial (within the pericardium), intrapleural (within the pleura), intraprostatic (within the prostate gland), intrapulmonary (within the lungs or its bronchi), intrasinal (within the nasal or periorbital sinuses), intraspinal (within the vertebral column), intrasynovial (within the synovial cavity of a joint), intratendinous (within a tendon), intratesticular (within the testicle), intrathecal (within the cerebrospinal fluid at any level of the cerebrospinal axis), intrathoracic (within the thorax), intratubular (within the tubules of an organ), intratumor (within a tumor), intratympanic (within the aurus media), intravascular (within a vessel or vessels), intraventricular (within a ventricle), iontophoresis (by means of electric current where ions of soluble salts migrate into the tissues of the body), irrigation (to bathe or flush open wounds or body cavities), laryngeal (directly upon the larynx), nasogastric (through the nose and into the stomach), occlusive dressing technique (topical route administration which is then covered by a dressing which occludes the area), ophthalmic (to the external eye), oropharyngeal (directly to the mouth and pharynx), parenteral, percutaneous, periarticular, peridural, perineural, periodontal, rectal, respiratory (within the respiratory tract by inhaling orally or nasally for local or systemic effect), retrobulbar (behind the pons or behind the eyeball), soft tissue, subarachnoid, subconjunctival, submucosal, topical, transplacental (through or across the placenta), transtracheal (through the wall of the trachea), transtympanic (across or through the tympanic cavity), ureteral (to the ureter), urethral (to the urethra), vaginal, caudal block, diagnostic, nerve block, biliary perfusion, cardiac perfusion, photopheresis or spinal.

In specific embodiments, compositions of AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be administered in a way which facilitates the vectors or siRNA molecule to enter the central nervous system and penetrate into medium spiny and/or cortical neurons and/or astrocytes.

In some embodiments, the AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be administered by intramuscular injection.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be administered via intraparenchymal injection.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be administered via intraparenchymal injection and intrathecal injection.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be administered via intrastriatal injection.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be administered via intrastriatal injection and another route of administration described herein.

In some embodiments, AAV particles that express siRNA duplexes of the present invention may be administered to a subject by peripheral injections (e.g., intravenous) and/or intranasal delivery. It was disclosed in the art that the peripheral administration of AAV particles for siRNA duplexes can be transported to the central nervous system, for example, to the neurons (e.g., U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 20100240739; and 20100130594; the content of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety).

In other embodiments, compositions comprising at least one AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be administered to a subject by intracranial delivery (See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 8,119,611; the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).

The AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be administered in any suitable form, either as a liquid solution or suspension, as a solid form suitable for liquid solution or suspension in a liquid solution. The siRNA duplexes may be formulated with any appropriate and pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

The AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be administered in a “therapeutically effective” amount, i.e., an amount that is sufficient to alleviate and/or prevent at least one symptom associated with the disease, or provide improvement in the condition of the subject.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle may be administered to the CNS in a therapeutically effective amount to improve function and/or survival for a subject with Huntington's Disease (HD). As a non-limiting example, the vector may be administered by direct infusion into the striatum.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle may be administered to a subject (e.g., to the CNS of a subject via intrathecal administration) in a therapeutically effective amount for the siRNA duplexes or dsRNA to target the medium spiny neurons, cortical neurons and/or astrocytes. As a non-limiting example, the siRNA duplexes or dsRNA may reduce the expression of HTT protein or mRNA. As another non-limiting example, the siRNA duplexes or dsRNA can suppress HTT and reduce HTT mediated toxicity. The reduction of HTT protein and/or mRNA as well as HTT mediated toxicity may be accomplished with almost no enhanced inflammation.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle may be administered to a subject (e.g., to the CNS of a subject) in a therapeutically effective amount to slow the functional decline of a subject (e.g., determined using a known evaluation method such as the unified Huntington's disease rating scale (UHDRS)). As a non-limiting example, the vector may be administered via intraparenchymal injection.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle may be administered to the cisterna magna in a therapeutically effective amount to transduce medium spiny neurons, cortical neurons and/or astrocytes. As a non-limiting example, the vector may be administered intrathecally.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle may be administered using intrathecal infusion in a therapeutically effective amount to transduce medium spiny neurons, cortical neurons and/or astrocytes. As a non-limiting example, the vector may be administered intrathecally.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle may be administered to the cisterna magna in a therapeutically effective amount to transduce medium spiny neurons, cortical neurons and/or astrocytes. As a non-limiting example, the vector may be administered by intraparenchymal injection.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprising a modulatory polynucleotide may be formulated. As a non-limiting example the baricity and/or osmolality of the formulation may be optimized to ensure optimal drug distribution in the central nervous system or a region or component of the central nervous system.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprising a modulatory polynucleotide may be delivered to a subject via a single route administration.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle comprising a modulatory polynucleotide may be delivered to a subject via a multi-site route of administration. A subject may be administered the AAV particle comprising a modulatory polynucleotide at 2, 3, 4, 5 or more than 5 sites.

In one embodiment, a subject may be administered the AAV particle comprising a modulatory polynucleotide described herein using a bolus injection.

In one embodiment, a subject may be administered the AAV particle comprising a modulatory polynucleotide described herein using sustained delivery over a period of minutes, hours or days. The infusion rate may be changed depending on the subject, distribution, formulation or another delivery parameter.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle described herein is administered via putamen and caudate infusion. As a non-limiting example, the dual infusion provides a broad striatal distribution as well as a frontal and temporal cortical distribution.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle is AAV-DJ8 which is administered via unilateral putamen infusion. As a non-limiting example, the distribution of the administered AAV-DJ8 is similar to the distribution of AAV1 delivered via unilateral putamen infusion.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle described herein is administered via intrathecal (IT) infusion at C1. The infusion may be for 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or more than 15 hours.

In one embodiment, the selection of subjects for administration of the AAV particle described herein and/or the effectiveness of the dose, route of administration and/or volume of administration may be evaluated using imaging of the perivascular spaces (PVS) which are also known as Virchow-Robin spaces. PVS surround the arterioles and venules as they perforate brain parenchyma and are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/interstitial fluid. PVS are common in the midbrain, basal ganglia, and centrum semiovale. While not wishing to be bound by theory. PVS may play a role in the normal clearance of metabolites and have been associated with worse cognition and several disease states including Parkinson's disease. PVS are usually are normal in size but they can increase in size in a number of disease states. Potter et al. (Cerebrovase Dis. 2015 January, 39(4): 224-231; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) developed a grading method where they studied a full range of PVS and rated basal ganglia, centrum semiovale and midbrain PVS. They used the frequency and range of PVS used by Mac and Lullich et al. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004 November; 75(11):1519-23; the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) and Potter et al. gave 5 ratings to basal ganglia and centrum semiovale PVS: 0 (none), 1 (1-10), 2 (11-20), 3 (21-40) and 4 (>40) and 2 ratings to midbrain PVS: 0 (non visible) or 1 (visible). The user guide for the rating system by Potter et al. can be found at: www.sbirc.ed.ac.uk/documents/epvs-rating-scale-user-guide.pdf.

Dosing

The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered to a subject using any amount effective for reducing, preventing and/or treating a HTT associated disorder (e.g., Huntington' Disease (HD)). The exact amount required will vary from subject to subject, depending on the species, age, and general condition of the subject, the severity of the disease, the particular composition, its mode of administration, its mode of activity, and the like.

The compositions of the present invention are typically formulated in unit dosage form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. It will be understood, however, that the total daily usage of the compositions of the present invention may be decided by the attending physician within the scope of sound medical judgment. The specific therapeutic effectiveness for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the disorder being treated and the severity of the disorder; the activity of the specific compound employed; the specific composition employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the patient; the time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the siRNA duplexes employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination or coincidental with the specific compound employed; and like factors well known in the medical arts.

In one embodiment, the age and sex of a subject may be used to determine the dose of the compositions of the present invention. As a non-limiting example, a subject who is older may receive a larger dose (e.g., 5-10%, 10-20%, 15-30%, 20-50%, 25-50% or at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or more than 90% more) of the composition as compared to a younger subject. As another non-limiting example, a subject who is younger may receive a larger dose (e.g., 5-10%, 10-20%, 15-30%, 20-50%, 25-50% or at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or more than 90% more) of the composition as compared to an older subject. As yet another non-limiting example, a subject who is female may receive a larger dose (e.g., 5-10%, 10-20%, 15-30%,20-50%, 25-50% or at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or more than 90% more) of the composition as compared to a male subject. As yet another non-limiting example, a subject who is male may receive a larger dose (e.g., 5-10%, 10-20%, 15-30%, 20-50%, 25-50% or at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or more than 90% more) of the composition as compared to a female subject

In some specific embodiments, the doses of AAV particles for delivering siRNA duplexes of the present invention may be adapted depending on the disease condition, the subject and the treatment strategy.

In one embodiment, delivery of the compositions in accordance with the present invention to cells comprises a rate of delivery defined by [VG/hour=mL/hour*VG/mL] wherein VG is viral genomes, VG/mL is composition concentration, and mL/hour is rate of prolonged delivery.

In one embodiment, delivery of compositions in accordance with the present invention to cells may comprise a total concentration per subject between about 1×10⁶ VG and about 1×10¹⁶ VG. In some embodiments, delivery may comprise a composition concentration of about 1×10⁶, 2×10⁶, 3×10⁶, 4×10⁶, 5×10⁶, 6×10⁶, 7×10⁶, 8×10⁶, 9×10⁶, 1×10⁷, 2×10⁷, 3×10⁷, 4×10⁷, 5×10⁷, 6×10⁷, 7×10⁷, 8×10⁷, 9×10⁷, 1×10⁸, 2×10⁸, 3×10⁸, 4×10⁸, 5×10⁸, 6×10⁸, 7×10⁸, 8×10⁸, 9×10⁸, 1×10⁹, 2×10⁹, 3×10⁹, 4×10⁹, 5×10⁹, 6×10⁹, 7×10⁹, 8×10⁹, 9×10⁹, 1×10¹⁰, 2×10¹⁰, 3×10¹⁰, 4×10¹⁰, 5×10¹⁰, 6×10¹⁰, 7×10¹⁰, 8×10¹⁰, 9×10¹⁰, 1×10¹¹, 1.1×10¹¹, 1.2×10¹¹, 1.3×10¹¹, 1.4×10¹¹, 1.5×10¹¹, 1.6×10¹¹, 1.7×10¹¹, 1.8×10¹¹, 1.9×10¹¹, 2×10¹¹, 2.1×10¹¹, 2.2×10¹¹, 2.3×10¹¹, 2.4×10¹¹, 2.5×10¹¹, 2.6×10¹¹, 2.7×10¹¹, 2.8×10¹¹, 2.9×10¹¹, 3×10¹¹, 4×10¹¹, 5×10¹¹, 6×10¹¹, 7×10¹¹, 7.1×10¹¹, 7.2×10¹¹, 7.3×10¹¹, 7.4×10¹¹, 7.5×10¹¹, 7.6×10¹¹, 7.7×10¹¹, 7.8×10¹¹, 7.9×10¹¹, 8×10¹¹, 9×10¹¹, 1×10¹², 1.1×10¹², 1.2×10¹², 1.3×10¹², 1.4×10¹², 1.5×10¹², 1.6×10¹², 1.7×10¹², 1.8×10¹², 1.9×10¹², 2×10¹², 2.1×10¹², 2.2×10¹², 2.3×10¹², 2.4×10¹², 2.5×10¹², 2.6×10¹², 2.7×10¹², 2.8×10¹², 2.9×10¹², 3×10¹², 3.1×10¹², 3.2×10¹², 3.3×10¹², 3.4×10¹², 3.5×10¹², 3.6×10¹², 3.7×10¹², 3.8×10¹², 3.9×10¹², 4×10¹², 4.1×10¹², 4.2×10¹², 4.3×10¹², 4.4×10¹², 4.5×10¹², 4.6×10¹², 4.7×10¹², 4.8×10¹², 4.9×10¹², 5×10¹², 6×10¹², 6.1×10¹², 6.2×10¹², 6.3×10¹², 6.4×10¹², 6.5×10¹², 6.6×10¹², 6.7×10¹², 6.8×10¹², 6.9×10¹², 7×10¹², 8×10¹², 8.1×10¹², 8.2×10¹², 8.3×10¹², 8.4×10¹², 8.5×10¹², 8.6×10¹², 8.7×10¹², 8.8×10¹², 8.9×10¹², 9×10¹², 1×10¹³, 1.1×10¹³, 1.2×10¹³, 1.3×10¹³, 1.4×10¹³, 1.5×10¹³, 1.6×10¹³, 1.7×10¹³, 1.8×10¹³, 1.9×10¹³, 2×10¹³, 3×10¹³, 4×10¹³, 5×10¹³, 6×10¹³, 6.7×10¹³, 7×10¹³, 8×10¹³, 9×10¹³, 1×10¹⁴, 2×10¹⁴, 3×10¹⁴, 4×10¹⁴, 5×10¹⁴, 6×10¹⁴, 7×10¹⁴, 8×10¹⁴, 9×10¹⁴, 1×10¹⁵, 2×10¹⁵, 3×10¹⁵, 4×10¹⁵, 5×10¹⁵, 6×10¹⁵, 7×10¹⁵, 8×10¹⁵, 9×10¹⁵, or 1×10¹⁶ VG/subject.

In one embodiment, delivery of compositions in accordance with the present invention to cells may comprise a total concentration per subject between about 1×10⁶ VG/kg and about 1×10¹⁶ VG/kg. In some embodiments, delivery may comprise a composition concentration of about 1×10⁶, 2×10⁶, 3×10⁶, 4×10⁶, 5×10⁶, 6×10⁶, 7×10⁶, 8×10⁶, 9×10⁶, 1×10⁷, 2×10⁷, 3×10⁷, 4×10⁷, 5×10⁷, 6×10⁷, 7×10⁷, 8×10⁷, 9×10⁷, 1×10⁸, 2×10⁸, 3×10⁸, 4×10⁸, 5×10⁸, 6×10⁸, 7×10⁸, 8×10⁸, 9×10⁸, 1×10⁹, 2×10⁹, 3×10⁹, 4×10⁹, 5×10⁹, 6×10⁹, 7×10⁹, 8×10⁹, 9×10⁹, 1×10¹⁰, 2×10¹⁰, 3×10¹⁰, 4×10¹⁰, 5×10¹⁰, 6×10¹⁰, 7×10¹⁰, 8×10¹⁰, 9×10¹⁰, 1×10¹¹, 1.1×10¹¹, 1.2×10¹¹, 1.3×10¹¹, 1.4×10¹¹, 1.5×10¹¹, 1.6×10¹¹, 1.7×10¹¹, 1.8×10¹¹, 1.9×10¹¹, 2×10¹¹, 2.1×10¹¹, 2.2×10¹¹, 2.3×10¹¹, 2.4×10¹¹, 2.5×10¹¹, 2.6×10¹¹, 2.7×10¹¹, 2.8×10¹¹, 2.9×10¹¹, 3×10¹¹, 4×10¹¹, 5×10¹¹, 6×10¹¹, 7×10¹¹, 7.1×10¹¹, 7.2×10¹¹, 7.3×10¹¹, 7.4×10¹¹, 7.5×10¹¹, 7.6×10¹¹, 7.7×10¹¹, 7.8×10¹¹, 7.9×10¹¹, 8×10¹¹, 9×10¹¹, 1×10¹², 1.1×10¹², 1.2×10¹², 1.3×10¹², 1.4×10¹², 1.5×10¹², 1.6×10¹², 1.7×10¹², 1.8×10¹², 1.9×10¹², 2×10¹², 2.1×10¹², 2.2×10¹², 2.3×10¹², 2.4×10¹², 2.5×10¹², 2.6×10¹², 2.7×10¹², 2.8×10¹², 2.9×10¹², 3×10¹², 3.1×10¹², 3.2×10¹², 3.3×10¹², 3.4×10¹², 3.5×10¹², 3.6×10¹², 3.7×10¹², 3.8×10¹², 3.9×10¹², 4×10¹², 4.1×10¹², 4.2×10¹², 4.3×10¹², 4.4×10¹², 4.5×10¹², 4.6×10¹², 4.7×10¹², 4.8×10¹², 4.9×10¹², 5×10¹², 6×10¹², 6.1×10¹², 6.2×10¹², 6.3×10¹², 6.4×10¹², 6.5×10¹², 6.6×10¹², 6.7×10¹², 6.8×10¹², 6.9×10¹², 7×10¹², 8×10¹², 8.1×10¹², 8.2×10¹², 8.3×10¹², 8.4×10¹², 8.5×10¹², 8.6×10¹², 8.7×10¹², 8.8×10¹², 8.9×10¹², 9×10¹², 1×10¹³, 1.1×10¹³, 1.2×10¹³, 1.3×10¹³, 1.4×10¹³, 1.5×10¹³, 1.6×10¹³, 1.7×10¹³, 1.8×10¹³, 1.9×10¹³, 2×10¹³, 3×10¹³, 4×10¹³, 5×10¹³, 6×10¹³, 6.7×10¹³, 7×10¹³, 8×10¹³, 9×10¹³, 1×10¹⁴, 2×10¹⁴, 3×10¹⁴, 4×10¹⁴, 5×10¹⁴, 6×10¹⁴, 7×10¹⁴, 8×10¹⁴, 9×10¹⁴, 1×10¹⁵, 2×10¹⁵, 3×10¹⁵, 4×10¹⁵, 5×10¹⁵, 6×10¹⁵, 7×10¹⁵, 8×10¹⁵, 9×10¹⁵, or 1×10¹⁶ VG/kg.

In one embodiment, about 10⁵ to 10⁶ viral genome (unit) may be administered per dose.

In one embodiment, delivery of the compositions in accordance with the present invention to cells may comprise a total concentration between about 1×10⁶ VG/mL and about 1×10¹⁶ VG/mL. In some embodiments, delivery may comprise a composition concentration of about 1×10⁶, 2×10⁶, 3×10⁶, 4×10⁶, 5×10⁶, 6×10⁶, 7×10⁶, 8×10⁶, 9×10⁶, 1×10⁷, 2×10⁷, 3×10⁷, 4×10⁷, 5×10⁷, 6×10⁷, 7×10⁷, 8×10⁷, 9×10⁷, 1×10⁸, 2×10⁸, 3×10⁸, 4×10⁸, 5×10⁸, 6×10⁸, 7×10⁸, 8×10⁸, 9×10⁸, 1×10⁹, 2×10⁹, 3×10⁹, 4×10⁹, 5×10⁹, 6×10⁹, 7×10⁹, 8×10⁹, 9×10⁹, 1×10¹⁰, 2×10¹⁰, 3×10¹⁰, 4×10¹⁰, 5×10¹⁰, 6×10¹⁰, 7×10¹⁰, 8×10¹⁰, 9×10¹⁰, 1×10¹¹, 1.1×10¹¹, 1.2×10¹¹, 1.3×10¹¹, 1.4×10¹¹, 1.5×10¹¹, 1.6×10¹¹, 1.7×10¹¹, 1.8×10¹¹, 1.9×10¹¹, 2×10¹¹, 3×10¹¹, 4×10¹¹, 5×10¹¹, 6×10¹¹, 7×10¹¹, 8×10¹¹, 9×10¹¹, 1×10¹², 1.1×10¹², 1.2×10¹², 1.3×10¹², 1.4×10¹², 1.5×10¹², 1.6×10¹², 1.7×10¹², 1.8×10¹², 1.9×10¹², 2×10¹², 2.1×10¹², 2.2×10¹², 2.3×10¹², 2.4×10¹², 2.5×10¹², 2.6×10¹², 2.7×10¹², 2.8×10¹², 2.9×10¹², 3×10¹², 3.1×10¹², 3.2×10¹², 3.3×10¹², 3.4×10¹², 3.5×10¹², 3.6×10¹², 3.7×10¹², 3.8×10¹², 3.9×10¹², 4×10¹², 4.1×10¹², 4.2×10¹², 4.3×10¹², 4.4×10¹², 4.5×10¹², 4.6×10¹², 4.7×10¹², 4.8×10¹², 4.9×10¹², 5×10¹², 6×10¹², 6.1×10¹², 6.2×10¹², 6.3×10¹², 6.4×10¹², 6.5×10¹², 6.6×10¹², 6.7×10¹², 6.8×10¹², 6.9×10¹², 7×10¹², 8×10¹², 9×10¹², 1×10¹³, 1.1×10¹³, 1.2×10¹³, 1.3×10¹³, 1.4×10¹³, 1.5×10¹³, 1.6×10¹³, 1.7×10¹³, 1.8×10¹³, 1.9×10¹³, 2×10¹³, 3×10¹³, 4×10¹³, 5×10¹³, 6×10¹³, 6.7×10¹³, 7×10¹³, 8×10¹³, 9×10¹³, 1×10¹⁴, 2×10¹⁴, 3×10¹⁴, 4×10¹⁴, 5×10¹⁴, 6×10¹⁴, 7×10¹⁴, 8×10¹⁴, 9×10¹⁴, 1×10¹⁵, 2×10¹⁵, 3×10¹⁵, 4×10¹⁵, 5×10¹⁵, 6×10¹⁵, 7×10¹⁵, 8×10¹⁵, 9×10¹⁵, or 1×10¹⁶ VG/mL.

In certain embodiments, the desired siRNA duplex dosage may be delivered using multiple administrations (e.g., two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, or more administrations). When multiple administrations are employed, split dosing regimens such as those described herein may be used. As used herein, a “split dose” is the division of single unit dose or total daily dose into two or more doses, e.g., two or more administrations of the single unit dose. As used herein, a “single unit dose” is a dose of any modulatory polynucleotide therapeutic administered in one dose/at one time/single route/single point of contact, i.e., single administration event. As used herein, a “total daily dose” is an amount given or prescribed in a 24 hour period. It may be administered as a single unit dose. In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising the modulatory polynucleotides of the present invention are administered to a subject in split doses. They may be formulated in buffer only or in a formulation described herein.

In one embodiment, the dose, concentration and/or volume of the composition described herein may be adjusted depending on the contribution of the caudate or putamen to cortical and subcortical distribution after administration. The administration may be intracerebroventricular, intraputamenal, intrathalamic, intraparenchymal, subpial, and/or intrathecal administration.

In one embodiment, the dose, concentration and/or volume of the composition described herein may be adjusted depending on the cortical and neuraxial distribution following administration by intracerebroventricular, intraputamenal, intrathalamic, intraparenchymal, subpial, and/or intrathecal delivery.

IV. Methods and Uses of the Compositions of the Invention

Huntington's Disease (HD)

Huntington's Disease (HD) is a monogenic fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive chorea, neuropsychiatric and cognitive dysfunction. Huntington's disease is known to be caused by an autosomal dominant triplet (CAG) repeat expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene, which encodes poly-glutamine at the N-terminus of the HTT protein. This repeat expansion results in a toxic gain of function of HTT and ultimately leads to striatal neurodegeneration which progresses to widespread brain atrophy. Medium spiny neurons of the striatum appear to be especially vulnerable in HD with up to 95% loss, whereas interneurons are largely spared.

Huntington's Disease has a profound impact on quality of life. Symptoms typically appear between the ages of 35-44 and life expectancy subsequent to onset is 10-25 years. In a small percentage of the HD population (˜6%), disease onset occurs prior to the age of 21 with appearance of an akinetic-rigid syndrome. These cases tend to progress faster than those of the later onset variety and have been classified as juvenile or Westphal variant HD. It is estimated that approximately 35,000-70,000 patients are currently suffering from HD in the US and Europe. Currently, only symptomatic relief and supportive therapies are available for treatment of HD, with a cure yet to be identified. Ultimately, individuals with HD succumb to pneumonia, heart failure or other complications such as physical injury from falls.

While not wishing to be bound by theory, the function of the wild type HTT protein may serve as a scaffold to coordinate complexes of other proteins. HTT is a very large protein (67 exons, 3144 amino acids, ˜350 kDa) that undergoes extensive post-translational modification and has numerous sites for interaction with other proteins, particularly at its N-terminus (coincidently the region that carries the repeats in HD). HTT localizes primarily to the cytoplasm but has been shown to shuttle into the nucleus where it may regulate gene transcription. It has also been suggested that HTT has a role in vesicular transport and regulating RNA trafficking.

As a non-limiting example, the HTT protein sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1424 (NCBI NP_002102.4) and the HTT nucleic acid sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1425 (NCBI NM_002111.7).

The mechanisms by which CAG-expanded HTT disrupts normal HTT function and results in neurotoxicity were initially thought to be a disease of haploinsufficiency, this theory was disproven when terminal deletion of the HTT gene in man did not lead to development of HD, suggesting that fully expressed HTT protein is not critical to survival. However, conditional knockout of HTT in mouse led to neurodegeneration, indicating that some amount of HTT is necessary for cell survival. Huntingtin protein is expressed in all cells, though its concentration is highest in the brain where large aggregates of abnormal HTT are found in neuronal nuclei. In the brains of HD patients, HTT aggregates into abnormal nuclear inclusions. It is now believed that it is this process of misfolding and aggregating along with the associated protein intermediates (i.e. the soluble species and toxic N-terminal fragments) that result in neurotoxicity. In fact, HD belongs to a family of nine additional human genetic disorders all of which are characterized by CAG-expanded genes and resultant polyglutamine (poly-Q) protein products with subsequent formation of intraneuronal aggregates. Interestingly, in all of these diseases the length of the expansion correlates with both age of onset and rate of disease progression, with longer expansions linked to greater severity of disease.

Hypotheses on the molecular mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity of CAG-expanded HTT and its resultant aggregates have been wide ranging, but include, caspase activation, dysregulation of transcriptional pathways, increased production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, disrupted axonal transport and/or inhibition of protein degradation systems within the cell. CAG-expanded HTT may not only have a toxic gain of function, but also exert a dominant negative effect by interfering with the normal function of other cellular proteins and processes. HTT has also been implicated in non-cell autonomous neurotoxicity, whereby a cell hosting HTT spreads the HTT to other neurons nearby.

In one embodiment, a subject has fully penetrant HD where the HTT gene has 41 or more CAG repeats (e.g., 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90 or more than 90 CAG repeats).

In one embodiment, a subject has incomplete penetrance where the HTT gene has between 36 and 40 CAG repeats (e.g., 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40 CAG repeats).

Symptoms of HD may include features attributed to CNS degeneration such as, but are not limited to, chorea, dystonia, bradykinesia incoordination, irritability and depression, problem solving difficulties, reduction in the ability of a person to function in their normal day to day life, diminished speech, and difficulty swallowing, as well as features not attributed to CNS degeneration such as, but not limited to, weight loss, muscle wasting, metabolic dysfunction and endocrine disturbances.

Model systems for studying Huntington's Disease which may be used with the modulatory polynucleotides and AAV particles described herein include, but are not limited to, cell models (e.g., primary neurons and induced pluripotent stem cells), invertebrate models (e.g., drosophila or Caenorhabditis elegans), mouse models (e.g., YAC128 mouse model; R6/2 mouse model; BAC, YAC and knock-in mouse model), rat models (e.g., BAC) and large mammal models (e.g., pigs, sheep or monkeys).

Studies in animal models of HD have suggested that phenotypic reversal is feasible, for example, subsequent to gene shut off in regulated-expression models. In a mouse model allowing shut off of expression of a 94-polyglutamine repeat HTT protein, not only was the clinical syndrome reversed but also the intracellular aggregates were resolved. Further, animal models in which silencing of HTT was tested, demonstrated promising results with the therapy being both well tolerated and showing potential therapeutic benefit.

Such siRNA mediated HTT expression inhibition may be used for treating HD. According to the present invention, methods for treating and/or ameliorating HD in a patient comprises administering to the patient an effective amount of AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention into cells. The administration of the AAV particles comprising such a nucleic acid sequence will encode the siRNA molecules which cause the inhibition/silence of HTT gene expression.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles described herein may be used to reduce the amount of HTT in a subject in need thereof and thus provides a therapeutic benefit as described herein.

In certain aspects, the symptoms of HD include behavioral difficulties and symptoms such as, but not limited to, apathy or lack of initiative, dysphoria, irritability, agitation or anxiety, poor self-care, poor judgment, inflexibility, disinhibition, depression, suicidal ideation euphoria, aggression, delusions, compulsions, hypersexuality, hallucinations, speech deterioration, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, weight loss, cognitive dysfunction which impairs executive functions (e.g., organizing, planning, checking or adapting alternatives, and delays in the acquisition of new motor skills), unsteady gait and involuntary movements (chorea). In other aspects, the composition of the present invention is applied to one or both of the brain and the spinal cord. In one embodiment, the survival of the subject is prolonged by treating any of the symptoms of HD described herein.

Disclosed in the present invention are methods for treating Huntington's Disease (HD) associated with HTT protein in a subject in need of treatment. The method optionally comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising at least AAV particles comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention. As a non-limiting example, the siRNA molecules can silence HTT gene expression, inhibit HTT protein production, and reduce one or more symptoms of HD in the subject such that HD is therapeutically treated.

Method of Treatment of Huntington's Disease

The present invention provides AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding siRNA molecules targeting the HTT gene, and methods for their design and manufacture. While not wishing to be bound by a single theory of operability, the invention provides modulatory polynucleotides, including siRNAs, that interfere with HTT expression, including HTT mutant and/or wild-type HTT gene expression. Particularly, the present invention employs viral genomes such as adeno-associated viral (AAV) viral genomes comprising modulatory polynucleotide sequences encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention. The AAV vectors comprising the modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may increase the delivery of active agents into neurons of interest such as medium spiny neurons of the striatum and cortical neurons. The siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA targeting the HTT gene may be able to inhibit HTT gene expression (e.g., mRNA level) significantly inside cells; therefore, reducing HTT expression induced stress inside the cells such as aggregation of protein and formation of inclusions, increased free radicals, mitochondrial dysfunction and RNA metabolism.

Provided in the present invention are methods for introducing the AAV particles comprising a modulatory polynucleotide sequence encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention into cells, the method comprising introducing into said cells any of the AAV particles in an amount sufficient for degradation of target HTT mRNA to occur, thereby activating target-specific RNAi in the cells. In some aspects, the cells may be stem cells, neurons such as medium spiny or cortical neurons, muscle cells and glial cells such as astrocytes.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for treating or ameliorating Huntington's Disease (HD) by administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a plasmid or AAV vector described herein.

In some embodiments, the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be used to treat and/or ameliorate for HD.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be used to reduce the cognitive and/or motor decline of a subject with HD, where the amount of decline is determined by a standard evaluation system such as, but not limited to, Unified Huntington's Disease Ratings Scale (UHDRS) and subscores, and cognitive testing.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be used to reduce the decline of functional capacity and activities of daily living as measured by a standard evaluation system such as, but not limited to, the total functional capacity (TFC) scale.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for treating, or ameliorating Huntington's Disease associated with HTT gene and/or HTT protein in a subject in need of treatment, the method comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding at least one siRNA duplex targeting the HTT gene, inhibiting HTT gene expression and protein production, and ameliorating symptoms of HD in the subject.

In one embodiment, the AAV vectors of the present invention may be used as a method of treating Huntington's disease in a subject in need of treatment. Any method known in the art for defining a subject in need of treatment may be used to identify said subject(s). A subject may have a clinical diagnosis of Huntington's disease, or may be pre-symptomatic. Any known method for diagnosing HD may be utilized, including, but not limited to, cognitive assessments and/or neurological or neuropsychiatric examinations, motor tests, sensory tests, psychiatric evaluations, brain imaging, family history and/or genetic testing.

In one embodiment, HD subject selection is determined with the use of the Prognostic Index for Huntington's Disease, or a derivative thereof (Long J D et al., Movement Disorders, 2017, 32(2), 256-263, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety). This prognostic index uses four components to predict probability of motor diagnosis, (1) total motor score (TMS) from the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS), (2) Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT), (3) base-line age, and (4) cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) expansion.

In one embodiment, the prognostic index for Huntington's Disease is calculated with the following formula: PI_(HD)=51×TMS+(−34)×SDMT+7×Age×(CAG-34), wherein larger values for PI_(HD) indicate greater risk of diagnosis or onset of symptoms.

In another embodiment, the prognostic index for Huntington's Disease is calculated with the following normalized formula that gives standard deviation units to be interpreted in the context of 50% 10-year survival: PIN_(HD)=(PI_(HD)−883)/1044, wherein PIN_(HD)<0 indicates greater than 50% 10-year survival, and PIN_(HD)>0 suggests less than 50% 10-year survival.

In one embodiment, the prognostic index may be used to identify subjects whom will develop symptoms of HD within several years, but that do not yet have clinically diagnosable symptoms. Further, these asymptomatic patients may be selected for and receive treatment using the AAV vectors and compositions of the present invention during the asymptomatic period.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be administered to a subject who has undergone biomarker assessment. Potential biomarkers in blood for premanifest and early progression of HD include, but are not limited to, 8-OhdG oxidative stress marker, metabolic markers (e.g., creatine kinase, branched-chain amino acids), cholesterol metabolites (e.g., 24-OH cholesterol), immune and inflammatory proteins (e.g., clusterin, complement components, interleukins 6 and 8), gene expression changes (e.g., transcriptomic markers), endocrine markers (e.g., cortisol, ghrelin and leptin), BDNF, adenosine 2A receptors. Potential biomarkers for brain imaging for premanifest and early progression of HD include, but are not limited to, striatal volume, subcortical white-matter volume, cortical thickness, whole brain and ventricular volumes, functional imaging (e.g., functional MRI), PET (e.g., with fluorodeoxyglucose), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (e.g., lactate). Potential biomarkers for quantitative clinical tools for premanifest and early progression of HD include, but are not limited to, quantitative motor assessments, motor physiological assessments (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation), and quantitative eye movement measurements. Non-limiting examples of quantitative clinical biomarker assessments include tongue force variability, metronome-guided tapping, grip force, oculomotor assessments and cognitive tests. Non-limiting examples of multicenter observational studies include PREDICT-HD and TRACK-HD. A subject may have symptoms of HD, diagnosed with HD or may be asymptomatic for HD.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be administered to a subject who has undergone biomarker assessment using neuroimaging. A subject may have symptoms of HD, diagnosed with HD or may be asymptomatic for HD.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be administered to a subject who is asymptomatic for HD. A subject may be asymptomatic but may have undergone predictive genetic testing or biomarker assessment to determine if they are at risk for HD and/or a subject may have a family member (e.g., mother, father, brother, sister, aunt, uncle, grandparent) who has been diagnosed with HD.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be administered to a subject who is in the early stages of HD. In the early stage a subject has subtle changes in coordination, some involuntary movements (chorea), changes in mood such as irritability and depression, problem solving difficulties, reduction in the ability of a person to function in their normal day to day life.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be administered to a subject who is in the middle stages of HD. In the middle stage a subject has an increase in the movement disorder, diminished speech, difficulty swallowing, and ordinary activities will become harder to do. At this stage a subject may have occupational and physical therapists to help maintain control of voluntary movements and a subject may have a speech language pathologist.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be administered to a subject who is in the late stages of HD. In the late stage, a subject with HD is almost completely or completely dependent on others for care as the subject can no longer walk and is unable to speak. A subject can generally still comprehend language and is aware of family and friends but choking is a major concern.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be used to treat a subject who has the juvenile form of HD which is the onset of HD before the age of 20 years and as early as 2 years.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be used to treat a subject with HD who has fully penetrant HD where the HTT gene has 41 or more CAG repeats (e.g., 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90 or more than 90 CAG repeats).

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be used to treat a subject with HD who has incomplete penetrance where the HTT gene has between 36 and 40 CAG repeats (e.g., 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40 CAG repeats).

In some embodiments, the composition comprising the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention is administered to the central nervous system of the subject. In other embodiments, the composition comprising the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention is administered to a tissue of a subject (e.g., brain of the subject).

In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be delivered into specific types of targeted cells, including, but not limited to, neurons including medium spiny or cortical neurons; glial cells including oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia; and/or other cells surrounding neurons such as T cells.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be delivered to neurons in the striatum and/or neurons of the cortex.

In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention for treating HD is administered to the subject in need intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, intraparenchymally, subpially, intrathecally and/or intraventricularly, allowing the siRNA molecules or vectors comprising the siRNA molecules to pass through one or both the blood-brain barrier and the blood spinal cord barrier, or directly access the brain and/or spinal cord. In some aspects, the method includes administering (e.g., intraparenchymal administration, subpial administration, intraventricular administration and/or intrathecal administration) directly to the central nervous system (CNS) of a subject (using, e.g., an infusion pump and/or a delivery scaffold) a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising AAV particles encoding the nucleic acid sequence for the siRNA molecules of the present invention. The vectors may be used to silence or suppress HTT gene expression, and/or reducing one or more symptoms of HD in the subject such that HD is therapeutically treated.

In some embodiments, the siRNA molecules or the AAV vectors comprising such siRNA molecules may be introduced directly into the central nervous system of the subject, for example, by infusion to the white matter a subject. While not wishing to be bound by theory, distribution via direct white matter infusion may be independent of axonal transport mechanisms which may be impaired in subjects with Huntington's Disease which means white matter infusion may allow for more transport of the AAV vectors.

In one embodiment, the composition comprising the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention is administered to the central nervous system of the subject via intraparenchymal injection.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle composition comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention is administered to the central nervous system of the subject via intraparenchymal injection and intrathecal injection.

In one embodiment, the AAV particle composition comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention is administered to the central nervous system of the subject via intraparenchymal injection and intracerebroventricular injection.

In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention for treating HD is administered to the subject in need by intraparenchymal administration.

In some embodiments, the AAV particle composition comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be introduced directly into the central nervous system of the subject, for example, by infusion into the putamen.

In some embodiments, the AAV particle composition comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be introduced directly into the central nervous system of the subject, for example, by infusion into the thalamus of a subject. While not wishing to be bound by theory, the thalamus is an area of the brain which is relatively spared in subjects with Huntington's Disease which means it may allow for more widespread cortical transduction via axonal transport of the AAV vectors.

In some embodiments, the AAV particle composition comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be introduced indirectly into the central nervous system of the subject, for example, by intravenous administration.

Modulate HTT Expression

In one embodiment, administration of the AAV particles to a subject will reduce the expression of HTT in a subject and the reduction of expression of the HTT will reduce the effects of HD in a subject.

In one embodiment, the encoded dsRNA once expressed and contacts a cell expressing HTT protein, inhibits the expression of HTT protein by at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35% or at least 40% or more, such as when assayed by a method as described herein.

In one embodiment, administration of the AAV particles comprising a modulatory polynucleotide sequence encoding a siRNA of the invention, to a subject may lower HTT (e.g., mutant HTT, wild-type HTT and/or mutant and wild-type HTT) in a subject. In one embodiment, administration of the AAV particles to a subject may lower wild-type HTT in a subject. In yet another embodiment, administration of the AAV particles to a subject may lower both mutant HTT and wild-type HTT in a subject. The mutant and/or wild-type HTT may be lowered by about 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-950%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100% in a subject such as, but not limited to, the CNS, a region of the CNS, or a specific cell of the CNS of a subject. The mutant HTT may be lowered by about 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100% in a subject such as, but not limited to, the CNS, a region of the CNS, or a specific cell of the CNS of a subject. The wild-type HTT may be lowered by about 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100% in a subject such as, but not limited to, the CNS, a region of the CNS, or a specific cell of the CNS of a subject. The mutant and wild-type HTT may be lowered by about 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100% in a subject such as, but not limited to, the CNS, a region of the CNS, or a specific cell of the CNS of a subject. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particles may lower the expression of HTT by at least 50% in the medium spiny neurons. As a non-limiting example, the vectors, e.g., AAV vectors may lower the expression of HTT by at least 40% in the medium spiny neurons. As a non-limiting example, the AAV particles may lower the expression of HTT by at least 40% in the medium spiny neurons of the putamen. As a non-limiting example, AAV particles may lower the expression of HTT by at least 30% in the medium spiny neurons of the putamen. As yet another non-limiting example, the AAV particles may lower the expression of HTT in the putamen and cortex by at least 40%. As yet another non-limiting example, the AAV particles may lower the expression of HTT in the putamen and cortex by at least 30%. As yet another non-limiting example, the AAV particles may lower the expression of HTT in the putamen by at least 30%. As yet another non-limiting example, the AAV particles may lower the expression of HTT in the putamen by at least 30% and cortex by at least 15%.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be used to reduce the expression of HTT protein by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 55-60%, 55-70%, 55-80%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 55-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein expression may be reduced by 50-90%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein expression may be reduced by 30-70%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA may be used to reduce the expression of HTT mRNA by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-600%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 55-60%, 55-70%, 55-80%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 55-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT mRNA may be reduced 50-90%.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be used to decrease HTT protein in a subject. The decrease may independently be 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or more than 95%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25%, 5-30%, 5-35%, 5-40%, 5-45%, 5-50%, 5-55%, 5-60%, 5-65%, 5-70%, 5-75%, 5-80%, 5-85%, 5-90%, 5-95%, 10-20%, 10-25%, 10-30%, 10-35%, 10-40%, 10-45%, 10-50%, 10-55%, 10-60%, 10-65%, 10-70%, 10-75%, 10-80%, 10-85%, 10-90%, 10-95%, 15-25%, 15-30%, 15-35%, 15-40%, 15-45%, 15-50%, 15-55%, 15-60%, 15-65%, 15-70%, 15-75%, 15-80%, 15-85%, 15-90%, 15-95%, 20-30%, 20-35%, 20-40%, 2045%, 20-50%, 20-55%, 20-60%, 20-65%, 20-70%, 20-75%, 20-80%, 20-85%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 25-35%, 25-40%, 25-45%, 25-50%, 25-55%, 25-60%, 25-65%, 25-70%, 25-75%, 25-80%, 25-85%, 25-90%, 25-95%, 30-40%, 30-45%, 30-50%, 30-55%, 30-60%, 30-65%, 30-70%, 30-75%, 30-80%, 30-85%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 35-45%, 35-50%, 35-55%, 35-60%, 35-65%, 35-70%, 35-75%, 35-80%, 35-85%, 35-90%, 35-95%, 40-50%, 40-55%, 40-60%, 40-65%, 40-70%, 40-75%, 40-80%, 40-85%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 45-50%, 45-60%, 45-65%, 45-70%, 45-75%, 45-80%, 45-85%, 45-90%, 45-95%, 50-60%, 50-65%, 50-70%, 50-75%, 50-80%, 50-85%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 55-65%, 55-70%, 55-75%, 55-80%, 55-85%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 60-70%, 60-75%, 60-80%, 60-85%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 65-75%, 65-80%, 65-85%, 65-90%, 65-95%, 70-80%, 70-85%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 75-85%, 75-90%, 75-95%, 80-90%, 80-95%, or 90-95%. As a non-limiting example, a subject may have a 50% decrease of HTT protein. As a non-limiting example, a subject may have a decrease of 70% of HTT protein and a decrease of 10% of wild type HTT protein. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of HTT in the medium spiny neurons of the putamen may be about 40%. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of HTT in the putamen and cortex may be about 40%. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of HTT in the medium spiny neurons of the putamen may be between 40%-70%. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of HTT in the putamen and cortex may be between 40%-70%.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be used to decrease wild type HTT protein in a subject. The decrease may independently be 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or more than 95%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25%, 5-30%, 5-35%, 5-40%, 5-45%, 5-50, 5-55%, 5-60%, 5-65%, 5-70%, 5-75%, 5-80%, 5-85%, 5-90%, 5-95%, 10-20%, 10-25%, 10-30%, 10-35%, 10-40%, 10-45%, 10-50%, 10-55%, 10-60%, 10-65%, 10-70%, 10-75%, 10-80%, 10-85%, 10-90%, 10-95%, 15-25%, 15-30%, 15-35%, 15-40%, 15-45%, 15-50%, 15-55%, 15-60%, 15-65%, 15-70%, 15-75%, 15-80%, 15-85%, 15-90%, 15-95%, 20-30%, 20-35%, 20-40%, 2045%, 20-50%, 20-55%, 20-60%, 20-65%, 20-70%, 20-75%, 20-80%, 20-85%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 25-35%, 25-40%, 25-45%, 25-50%, 25-55%, 25-60%, 25-65%, 25-70%, 25-75%, 25-80%, 25-85%, 25-90%, 25-95%, 30-40%, 30-45%, 30-50%, 30-55%, 30-60%, 30-65%, 30-70%, 30-75%, 30-80%, 30-85%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 35-45%, 35-50%, 35-55%, 35-60%, 35-65%, 35-70%, 35-75%, 35-80%, 35-85%, 35-90%, 35-95%, 40-50%, 40-55%, 40-60%, 40-65%, 40-70%, 40-75%, 40-80%, 40-85%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 45-55%, 45-60%, 45-65%, 45-70%, 45-75%, 45-80%, 45-85%, 45-90%, 45-95%, 50-60%, 50-65%, 50-70%, 50-75%, 50-80%, 50-85%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 55-65%, 55-70%, 55-75%, 55-80%, 55-85%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 60-70%, 60-75%, 60-80%, 60-85%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 65-75%, 65-80%, 65-85%, 65-90%, 65-95%, 70-80%, 70-85%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 75-85%, 75-90%, 75-95%, 80-90%, 80-95%, or 90-95%. As a non-limiting example, a subject may have a 50% decrease of wild type HTT protein. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of wild type HTT in the medium spiny neurons of the putamen may be about 40%. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of wild type HTT in the putamen and cortex may be about 40%. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of wild type HTT in the medium spiny neurons of the putamen may be between 40%-70%. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of wild type HTT in the putamen and cortex may be between 40/6-70%.

In one embodiment, the AAV particles may be used to decrease mutant HTT protein in a subject. The decrease may independently be 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or more than 95%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25%, 5-30%, 5-35%, 5-40%, 5-45%, 5-50%, 5-55%, 5-60%, 5-65%, 5-70%, 5-75%, 5-80%, 5-85%, 5-90%, 5-95%, 10-20%, 10-25%, 10-30%, 10-35%, 1040%, 1045%, 10-50%, 10-55%, 10-60%, 10-65%, 10-70%, 10-75%, 10-80%, 10-85%, 10-90%, 10-95%, 15-25%, 15-30%, 15-35%, 1540%, 1545%, 15-50%, 15-55%, 15-60%, 15-65%, 15-70%, 15-75%, 15-80%, 15-85%, 15-90%, 15-95%, 20-30%, 20-35%, 20-40%, 20-45%, 20-50%, 20-55%, 20-60%, 20-65%, 20-70%, 20-75%, 20-80%, 20-85%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 25-35%, 25-40%, 25-45%, 25-50%, 25-55%, 25-60%, 25-65%, 25-70%, 25-75%, 25-80%, 25-85%, 25-90%, 25-95%, 30-40%, 30-45%, 30-50%, 30-55%, 30-60%, 30-65%, 30-70%, 30-75%, 30-80%, 30-85%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 35-45%, 35-50%, 35-55%, 35-60%, 35-65%, 35-70%, 35-75%, 35-80%, 35-85%, 35-90%, 35-95%, 40-50%, 40-55%, 40-60%, 40-65%, 40-70%, 40-75%, 40-80%, 40-85%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 45-55%, 45-60%, 45-65%, 45-70%, 45-75%, 45-80%, 45-85%, 45-90%, 45-95%, 50-60%, 50-65%, 50-70%, 50-75%, 50-80%, 50-85%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 55-65%, 55-70%, 55-75%, 55-80%, 55-85%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 60-70%, 60-75%, 60-80%, 60-85%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 65-75%, 65-80%, 65-85%, 65-90%, 65-95%, 70-80%, 70-85%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 75-85%, 75-90%, 75-95%, 80-90%, 80-95%, or 90-95%. As a non-limiting example, a subject may have a 50% decrease of mutant HTT protein. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of mutant HTT in the medium spiny neurons of the putamen may be about 40%. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of mutant HTT in the putamen and cortex may be about 40%. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of mutant HTT in the medium spiny neurons of the putamen may be between 40%-70%. As a non-limiting example, the decrease of mutant HTT in the putamen and cortex may be between 40%-70%.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for inhibiting/silencing HTT gene expression in a cell. Accordingly, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA can be used to substantially inhibit HTT gene expression in a cell, in particular in a neuron. In some aspects, the inhibition of HTT gene expression refers to an inhibition by at least about 20%, such as by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 55-60%, 55-70%, 55-80%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 55-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. Accordingly, the protein product of the targeted gene may be inhibited by at least about 20%, preferably by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for inhibiting/silencing HTT gene expression in a cell, in particular in a medium spiny neuron. In some aspects, the inhibition of HTT gene expression refers to an inhibition by at least about 20%, such as by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 55-60%, 55-70%, 55-80%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 55-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. Accordingly, the protein product of the targeted gene may be inhibited by at least about 20%, preferably by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 55-60%, 55-70%, 55-80%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 55-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for inhibiting/silencing HTT gene expression in a cell, in particular in an astrocyte. In some aspects, the inhibition of HTT gene expression refers to an inhibition by at least about 20%, such as by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 55-60%, 55-70%, 55-80%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 55-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. Accordingly, the protein product of the targeted gene may be inhibited by at least about 20%, preferably by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 650%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 55-60%, 55-70%, 55-80%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 55-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA may be used to reduce the expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA in at least one region of the CNS such as, but not limited to the midbrain. The expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA is reduced by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 55-60%, 55-70%, 55-80%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 55-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100%, or 95-100% in at least one region of the CNS. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 50-90%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 30-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 40-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 50-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 50-60%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 51%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 52%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 53%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 54%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 55%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 56%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 57%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 58%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 59%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 60%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA may be used to reduce the expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA in at least one region of the CNS such as, but not limited to the forebrain. The expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA is reduced by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 55-60%, 55-70%, 55-80%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 55-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100% in at least one region of the CNS. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 50-90%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 30-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 40-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 50-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 50-60%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 51%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 52%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 53%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 54%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 55%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 56%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 57%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 58%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 59%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum and/or cortex is reduced by 60%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA may be used to reduce the expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA in the striatum. The expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA is reduced by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 30-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by at least 30%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 40-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 50-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 50-60%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 51%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 52%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 53%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 54%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 55%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 56%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 57%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 58%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 59%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the striatum is reduced by 60%.

In some embodiments, the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be used to suppress HTT protein in neurons and/or astrocytes of the striatum and/or the cortex. As a non-limiting example, the suppression of HTT protein is in medium spiny neurons of the striatum and/or neurons of the cortex.

In some embodiments, the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA molecules of the present invention may be used to suppress HTT protein in neurons and/or astrocytes of the striatum and/or the cortex and reduce associated neuronal toxicity. The suppression of HTT protein in the neurons and/or astrocytes of the striatum and/or the cortex may be, independently, suppressed by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or more than 95%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25%, 5-30%, 5-35%, 5-40%, 5-45%, 5-50%, 5-55%, 5-60%, 5-65%, 5-70%, 5-75%, 5-80%, 5-85%, 5-90%, 5-95%, 10-20%, 10-25%, 10-30%, 10-35%, 10-40%, 10-45%, 10-50%, 10-55%, 10-60%, 10-65%, 10-70%, 10-75%, 10-80%, 10-85%, 10-90%, 10-95%, 15-25%, 15-30%, 15-35%, 15-40%, 15-45%, 15-50%, 15-55%, 15-60%, 15-65%, 15-70%, 15-75%, 15-80%, 15-85%, 15-90%, 15-95%, 20-30%, 20-35%, 20-40%, 20-45%, 20-50%, 20-55%, 20-60%, 20-65%, 20-70%, 20-75%, 20-80%, 20-85%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 25-35%, 25-40%, 25-45%, 25-50%, 25-55%, 25-60%, 25-65%, 25-70%, 25-75%, 25-80%, 25-85%, 25-90%, 25-95%, 30-40%, 30-45%, 30-50%, 30-55%, 30-60%, 30-65%, 30-70%, 30-75%, 30-80%, 30-85%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 35-45%, 35-50%, 35-55%, 35-60%, 35-65%, 35-70%, 35-75%, 35-80%, 35-85%, 35-90%, 35-95%, 40-50%, 40-55%, 40-60%, 40-65%, 40-70%, 40-75%, 40-80%, 40-85%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 45-55%, 45-60%, 45-65%, 45-70%, 45-75%, 45-80%, 45-85%, 45-90%, 45-95%, 50-60%, 50-65%, 50-70%, 50-75%, 50-80%, 50-85%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 55-65%, 55-70%, 55-75%, 55-80%, 55-85%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 60-70%, 60-75%, 60-80%, 60-85%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 65-75%, 65-80%, 65-85%, 65-90%, 65-95%, 70-80%, 70-85%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 75-85%, 75-90%, 75-95%, 80-90%, 80-95%, or 90-95%. The reduction of associated neuronal toxicity may be 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or more than 95%, 5-15%, 5-20%, 5-25%, 5-30%, 5-35%, 5-40%, 5-45%, 5-50%, 5-55%, 5-60%, 5-65%, 5-70%, 5-75%, 5-80%, 5-85%, 5-90%, 5-95%, 10-20%, 10-25%, 10-30%, 10-35%, 10-40%, 10-45%, 10-50%, 10-55%, 10-60%, 10-65%, 10-70%, 10-75%, 10-80%, 10-85%, 10-90%, 10-95%, 15-25%, 15-30%, 15-35%, 15-40%, 15-45%, 15-50%, 15-55%, 15-60%, 15-65%, 15-70%, 15-75%, 15-80%, 15-85%, 15-90%, 15-95%, 20-30%, 20-35%, 20-40%, 20-45%, 20-50%, 20-55%, 20-60%, 20-65%, 20-70%, 20-75%, 20-80%, 20-85%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 25-35%, 25-40%, 25-45%, 25-50%, 25-55%, 25-60%, 25-65%, 25-70%, 25-75%, 25-80%, 25-85%, 25-900%, 25-95%, 30-40%, 30-45%, 30-50%, 30-55%, 30-60%, 30-65%, 30-70%, 30-75%, 30-80%, 30-85%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 35-45%, 35-50%, 35-55%, 35-60%, 35-65%, 35-70%, 35-75%, 35-80%, 35-85%, 35-90%, 35-95%, 40-50%, 40-55%, 40-60%, 40-65%, 40-70%, 40-75%, 40-80%, 40-85%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 45-55%, 45-60%, 45-65%, 45-70%, 45-75%, 45-80%, 45-85%, 45-90%, 45-95%, 50-60%, 50-65%, 50-70%, 50-75%, 50-80%, 50-85%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 55-65%, 55-70%, 55-75%, 55-80%, 55-85%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 60-70%, 60-75%, 60-80%, 60-85%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 65-75%, 65-80%, 65-85%, 65-90%, 65-95%, 70-80%, 70-85%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 75-85%, 75-90%, 75-95%, 80-90%, 80-95%, or 90-95%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA may be used to reduce the expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA in the cortex. The expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA is reduced by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 30-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by at least 30%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 40-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 50-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 50-60%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 51%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 52%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 53%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 54%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 55%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 56%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 57%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 58%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 59%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the cortex is reduced by 60%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA may be used to reduce the expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA in the motor cortex. The expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA is reduced by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-700%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 30-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by at least 30%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 40-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 50-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 50-60%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 51%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 52%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 53%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 54%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 55%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 56%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 57%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 58%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 59%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the motor cortex is reduced by 60%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA may be used to reduce the expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA in the somatosensory cortex. The expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA is reduced by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100%, or 95-100%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 30-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by at least 30%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 40-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 50-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 50-60%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 51%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 52%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 53%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 54%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 55%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 56%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 57%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 58%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 59%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the somatosensory cortex is reduced by 60%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA may be used to reduce the expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA in the temporal cortex. The expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA is reduced by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 30-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by at least 30%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 40-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 50-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 50-60%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 51%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 52%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 53%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 54%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 55%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 56%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 57%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 58%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 59%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the temporal cortex is reduced by 60%.

In one embodiment, the siRNA duplexes or encoded dsRNA may be used to reduce the expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA in the putamen. The expression of HTT protein and/or mRNA is reduced by at least about 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%, or at least 20-30%, 20-40%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 20-70%, 20-80%, 20-90%, 20-95%, 20-100%, 30-40%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-80%, 30-90%, 30-95%, 30-100%, 40-50%, 40-60%, 40-70%, 40-80%, 40-90%, 40-95%, 40-100%, 50-60%, 50-70%, 50-80%, 50-90%, 50-95%, 50-100%, 55-60%, 55-70%, 55-80%, 55-90%, 55-95%, 55-100%, 60-70%, 60-80%, 60-90%, 60-95%, 60-100%, 70-80%, 70-90%, 70-95%, 70-100%, 80-90%, 80-95%, 80-100%, 90-95%, 90-100% or 95-100% in at least one region of the CNS. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 40-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 40-50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 50-70%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 50-60%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 50%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 51%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 52%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 53%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 54%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 55%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 56%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 57%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 58%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 59%. As a non-limiting example, the expression of HTT protein and mRNA in the putamen is reduced by 60%.

Solo and Combination Therapy

In some embodiments, the present composition is administered as a solo therapeutic or combination therapeutics for the treatment of HD.

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is used as a solo therapy. In other embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is used in combination therapy. The combination therapy may be in combination with one or more neuroprotective agents such as small molecule compounds, growth factors and hormones which have been tested for their neuroprotective effect on neuron degeneration.

The AAV particles encoding siRNA duplexes targeting the HTT gene may be used in combination with one or more other therapeutic agents. By “in combination with,” it is not intended to imply that the agents must be administered at the same time and/or formulated for delivery together, although these methods of delivery are within the scope of the present disclosure. Compositions can be administered concurrently with, prior to, or subsequent to, one or more other desired therapeutics or medical procedures. In general, each agent will be administered at a dose and/or on a time schedule determined for that agent.

Therapeutic agents that may be used in combination with the AAV particles encoding the nucleic acid sequence for the siRNA molecules of the present invention can be small molecule compounds which are antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-apoptosis agents, calcium regulators, antiglutamatergic agents, structural protein inhibitors, compounds involved in muscle function, and compounds involved in metal ion regulation.

Compounds tested for treating HD which may be used in combination with the vectors described herein include, but are not limited to, dopamine-depleting agents (e.g., tetrabenazine for chorea), benzodiazepines (e.g., clonazepam for myoclonus, chorea, dystonia, rigidity, and/or spasticity), anticonvulsants (e.g., sodium valproate and levetiracetam for myoclonus), amino acid precursors of dopamine (e.g., levodopa for rigidity which is particularly associate with juvenile HD or young adult-onset parkinsonian phenotype), skeletal muscle relaxants (e.g., baclofen, tizanidine for rigidity and/or spasticity), inhibitors for acetycholine release at the neuromuscular junction to cause muscle paralysis (e.g., botulinum toxin for bruxism and/or dystonia), atypical neuroleptics (e.g., olanzapine and quetiapine for psychosis and/or irritability, risperidone, sulpiride and haloperidol for psychosis, chorea and/or irritability, clozapine for treatment-resistant psychosis, aripiprazole for psychosis with prominent negative symptoms), agents to increase ATP/cellular energetics (e.g., creatine), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (e.g., citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, mirtazapine, venlafaxine for depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive behavior and/or irritability), hypnotics (e.g., xopiclone and/or zolpidem for altered sleep-wake cycle), anticonvulsants (e.g., sodium valproate and carbamazepine for mania or hypomania) and mood stabilizers (e.g., lithium for mania or hypomania).

Neurotrophic factors may be used in combination therapy with the AAV particles encoding the nucleic acid sequence for the siRNA molecules of the present invention for treating HD. Generally, a neurotrophic factor is defined as a substance that promotes survival, growth, differentiation, proliferation and/or maturation of a neuron, or stimulates increased activity of a neuron. In some embodiments, the present methods further comprise delivery of one or more trophic factors into the subject in need of treatment. Trophic factors may include, but are not limited to, IGF-I, GDNF, BDNF, CTNF, VEGF, Colivelin, Xaliproden, Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and ADNF, and variants thereof.

In one aspect, the AAV particles comprising modulatory polynucleotides encoding the siRNA duplex targeting the HTT gene may be co-administered with AAV vectors expressing neurotrophic factors such as AAV-IGF-I (See e.g., Vincent et al., Neuromolecular medicine, 2004, 6, 79-85; the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) and AAV-GDNF (See e.g., Wang et al., J Neurosci., 2002, 22, 6920-6928; the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).

V. Definitions

Unless stated otherwise, the following terms and phrases have the meanings described below. The definitions are not meant to be limiting in nature and serve to provide a clearer understanding of certain aspects of the present invention.

As used herein, the term “nucleic acid”, “polynucleotide” and “oligonucleotide” refer to any nucleic acid polymers composed of either polydeoxyribonucleotides (containing 2-deoxy-D-ribose), or polyribonucleotides (containing D-ribose), or any other type of polynucleotide which is an N glycoside of a purine or pyrimidine base, or modified purine or pyrimidine bases. There is no intended distinction in length between the term “nucleic acid”, “polynucleotide” and “oligonucleotide”, and these terms will be used interchangeably. These terms refer only to the primary structure of the molecule. Thus, these terms include double- and single-stranded DNA, as well as double- and single stranded RNA.

As used herein, the term “RNA” or “RNA molecule” or “ribonucleic acid molecule” refers to a polymer of ribonucleotides; the term “DNA” or “DNA molecule” or “deoxyribonucleic acid molecule” refers to a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides. DNA and RNA can be synthesized naturally, e.g., by DNA replication and transcription of DNA, respectively, or be chemically synthesized. DNA and RNA can be single-stranded (i.e., ssRNA or ssDNA, respectively) or multi-stranded (e.g., double stranded, i.e., dsRNA and dsDNA, respectively). The term “mRNA” or “messenger RNA”, as used herein, refers to a single stranded RNA that encodes the amino acid sequence of one or more polypeptide chains.

As used herein, the term “RNA interfering” or “RNAi” refers to a sequence specific regulatory mechanism mediated by RNA molecules which results in the inhibition or interfering or “silencing” of the expression of a corresponding protein-coding gene. RNAi has been observed in many types of organisms, including plants, animals and fungi. RNAi occurs in cells naturally to remove foreign RNAs (e.g., viral RNAs). Natural RNAi proceeds via fragments cleaved from free dsRNA which direct the degradative mechanism to other similar RNA sequences. RNAi is controlled by the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and is initiated by short/small dsRNA molecules in cell cytoplasm, where they interact with the catalytic RISC component argonaute. The dsRNA molecules can be introduced into cells exogenously. Exogenous dsRNA initiates RNAi by activating the ribonuclease protein Dicer, which binds and cleaves dsRNAs to produce double-stranded fragments of 21-25 base pairs with a few unpaired overhang bases on each end. These short double stranded fragments are called small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).

As used herein, the terms “short interfering RNA,” “small interfering RNA” or “siRNA” refer to an RNA molecule (or RNA analog) comprising between about 5-60 nucleotides (or nucleotide analogs) which is capable of directing or mediating RNAi. Preferably, a siRNA molecule comprises between about 15-30 nucleotides or nucleotide analogs, such as between about 16-25 nucleotides (or nucleotide analogs), between about 18-23 nucleotides (or nucleotide analogs), between about 19-22 nucleotides (or nucleotide analogs) (e.g., 19, 20, 21 or 22 nucleotides or nucleotide analogs), between about 19-25 nucleotides (or nucleotide analogs), and between about 19-24 nucleotides (or nucleotide analogs). The term “short” siRNA refers to a siRNA comprising 5-23 nucleotides, preferably 21 nucleotides (or nucleotide analogs), for example, 19, 20, 21 or 22 nucleotides. The term “long” siRNA refers to a siRNA comprising 24-60 nucleotides, preferably about 24-25 nucleotides, for example, 23, 24, 25 or 26 nucleotides. Short siRNAs may, in some instances, include fewer than 19 nucleotides, e.g., 16, 17 or 18 nucleotides, or as few as 5 nucleotides, provided that the shorter siRNA retains the ability to mediate RNAi. Likewise, long siRNAs may, in some instances, include more than 26 nucleotides, e.g., 27, 28, 29, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, or even 60 nucleotides, provided that the longer siRNA retains the ability to mediate RNAi or translational repression absent further processing, e.g., enzymatic processing, to a short siRNA, siRNAs can be single stranded RNA molecules (ss-siRNAs) or double stranded RNA molecules (ds-siRNAs) comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand which hybridized to form a duplex structure called siRNA duplex.

As used herein, the term “the antisense strand” or “the first strand” or “the guide strand” of a siRNA molecule refers to a strand that is substantially complementary to a section of about 10-50 nucleotides, e.g., about 15-30, 16-25, 18-23 or 19-22 nucleotides of the mRNA of the gene targeted for silencing. The antisense strand or first strand has sequence sufficiently complementary to the desired target mRNA sequence to direct target-specific silencing, e.g., complementarity sufficient to trigger the destruction of the desired target mRNA by the RNAi machinery or process.

As used herein, the term “the sense strand” or “the second strand” or “the passenger strand” of a siRNA molecule refers to a strand that is complementary to the antisense strand or first strand. The antisense and sense strands of a siRNA molecule are hybridized to form a duplex structure. As used herein, a “siRNA duplex” includes a siRNA strand having sufficient complementarity to a section of about 10-50 nucleotides of the mRNA of the gene targeted for silencing and a siRNA strand having sufficient complementarity to form a duplex with the other siRNA strand.

As used herein, the term “complementary” refers to the ability of polynucleotides to form base pairs with one another. Base pairs are typically formed by hydrogen bonds between nucleotide units in antiparallel polynucleotide strands. Complementary polynucleotide strands can form base pair in the Watson-Crick manner (e.g., A to T. A to U, C to G), or in any other manner that allows for the formation of duplexes. As persons skilled in the art are aware, when using RNA as opposed to DNA, uracil rather than thymine is the base that is considered to be complementary to adenosine. However, when a U is denoted in the context of the present invention, the ability to substitute a T is implied, unless otherwise stated. Perfect complementarity or 100% complementarity refers to the situation in which each nucleotide unit of one polynucleotide strand can form hydrogen bond with a nucleotide unit of a second polynucleotide strand. Less than perfect complementarity refers to the situation in which some, but not all, nucleotide units of two strands can form hydrogen bond with each other. For example, for two 20-mers, if only two base pairs on each strand can form hydrogen bond with each other, the polynucleotide strands exhibit 10% complementarity. In the same example, if 18 base pairs on each strand can form hydrogen bonds with each other, the polynucleotide strands exhibit 90% complementarity.

As used herein, the term “substantially complementary” means that the siRNA has a sequence (e.g., in the antisense strand) which is sufficient to bind the desired target mRNA, and to trigger the RNA silencing of the target mRNA.

As used herein, “targeting” means the process of design and selection of nucleic acid sequence that will hybridize to a target nucleic acid and induce a desired effect.

The term “gene expression” refers to the process by which a nucleic acid sequence undergoes successful transcription and in most instances translation to produce a protein or peptide. For clarity, when reference is made to measurement of “gene expression”, this should be understood to mean that measurements may be of the nucleic acid product of transcription, e.g., RNA or mRNA or of the amino acid product of translation, e.g., polypeptides or peptides. Methods of measuring the amount or levels of RNA, mRNA, polypeptides and peptides are well known in the art.

As used herein, the term “mutation” refers to any changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant (also called “mutant”) form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations. Mutations in a gene may be caused by the alternation of single base in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes.

As used herein, the term “vector” means any molecule or moiety which transports, transduces or otherwise acts as a carrier of a heterologous molecule such as the siRNA molecule of the invention. A “viral genome” or “vector genome” or “viral vector” refers to a sequence which comprises one or more polynucleotide regions encoding or comprising a molecule of interest, e.g., a transgene, a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide or multi-polypeptide or a modulatory nucleic acid such as small interfering RNA (siRNA). Viral genomes are commonly used to deliver genetic materials into cells. Viral genomes are often modified for specific applications. Types of viral genome sequence include retroviral viral genome sequences, lentiviral viral genome sequences, adenoviral viral genome sequences and adeno-associated viral genome sequences.

The term “adeno-associated virus” or “AAV” as used herein refers to any vector which comprises or derives from components of an adeno-associated vector and is suitable to infect mammalian cells, preferably human cells. The term AAV vector typically designates an AAV type viral particle or virion comprising a payload. The AAV vector may be derived from various serotypes, including combinations of serotypes (i.e., “pseudotyped” AAV) or from various genomes (e.g., single stranded or self-complementary). In addition, the AAV vector may be replication defective and/or targeted.

As used herein, the phrase “inhibit expression of a gene” means to cause a reduction in the amount of an expression product of the gene. The expression product can be a RNA molecule transcribed from the gene (e.g., an mRNA) or a polypeptide translated from an mRNA transcribed from the gene. Typically a reduction in the level of an mRNA results in a reduction in the level of a polypeptide translated therefrom. The level of expression may be determined using standard techniques for measuring mRNA or protein.

As used herein, the term “in vitro” refers to events that occur in an artificial environment, e.g., in a test tube or reaction vessel, in cell culture, in a Petri dish, etc., rather than within an organism (e.g., animal, plant, or microbe).

As used herein, the term “in vivo” refers to events that occur within an organism (e.g., animal, plant, or microbe or cell or tissue thereof).

As used herein, the term “modified” refers to a changed state or structure of a molecule of the invention. Molecules may be modified in many ways including chemically, structurally, and functionally.

As used herein, the term “synthetic” means produced, prepared, and/or manufactured by the hand of man. Synthesis of polynucleotides or polypeptides or other molecules of the present invention may be chemical or enzymatic.

As used herein, the term “transfection” refers to methods to introduce exogenous nucleic acids into a cell. Methods of transfection include, but are not limited to, chemical methods, physical treatments and cationic lipids or mixtures. The list of agents that can be transfected into a cell is large and includes, but is not limited to, siRNA, sense and/or anti-sense sequences, DNA encoding one or more genes and organized into an expression plasmid, proteins, protein fragments, and more.

As used herein, “off target” refers to any unintended effect on any one or more target, gene, or cellular transcript.

As used herein, the phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.

As used herein, the term “effective amount” of an agent is that amount sufficient to effect beneficial or desired results, for example, clinical results, and, as such, an “effective amount” depends upon the context in which it is being applied. For example, in the context of administering an agent that treats HD, an effective amount of an agent is, for example, an amount sufficient to achieve treatment, as defined herein, of HD, as compared to the response obtained without administration of the agent.

As used herein, the term “therapeutically effective amount” means an amount of an agent to be delivered (e.g., nucleic acid, drug, therapeutic agent, diagnostic agent, prophylactic agent, etc.) that is sufficient, when administered to a subject suffering from or susceptible to an infection, disease, disorder, and/or condition, to treat, improve symptoms of, diagnose, prevent, and/or delay the onset of the infection, disease, disorder, and/or condition.

As used herein, the term “subject” or “patient” refers to any organism to which a composition in accordance with the invention may be administered, e.g., for experimental, diagnostic, prophylactic, and/or therapeutic purposes. Typical subjects include animals (e.g., mammals such as mice, rats, rabbits, non-human primates such as chimpanzees and other apes and monkey species, and humans) and/or plants.

As used herein, the term “preventing” or “prevention” refers to delaying or forestalling the onset, development or progression of a condition or disease for a period of time, including weeks, months, or years.

The term “treatment” or “treating,” as used herein, refers to the application of one or more specific procedures used for the cure or amelioration of a disease. In certain embodiments, the specific procedure is the administration of one or more pharmaceutical agents. In the context of the present invention, the specific procedure is the administration of one or more siRNA molecules.

As used herein, the term “amelioration” or “ameliorating” refers to a lessening of severity of at least one indicator of a condition or disease. For example, in the context of neurodegeneration disorder, amelioration includes the reduction of neuron loss.

As used herein, the term “administering” refers to providing a pharmaceutical agent or composition to a subject.

As used herein, the term “neurodegeneration” refers to a pathologic state which results in neural cell death. A large number of neurological disorders share neurodegeneration as a common pathological state. For example, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) all cause chronic neurodegeneration, which is characterized by a slow, progressive neural cell death over a period of several years, whereas acute neurodegeneration is characterized by a sudden onset of neural cell death as a result of ischemia, such as stroke, or trauma, such as traumatic brain injury, or as a result of axonal transection by demyelination or trauma caused, for example, by spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis. In some neurological disorders, mainly one type of neuronal cell is degenerative, for example, medium spiny neuron degeneration in early HD.

VI. Equivalents and Scope

Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments in accordance with the invention described herein. The scope of the present invention is not intended to be limited to the above Description, but rather is as set forth in the appended claims.

In the claims, articles such as “a,” “an,” and “the” may mean one or more than one unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise evident from the context. Claims or descriptions that include “or” between one or more members of a group are considered satisfied if one, more than one, or all of the group members are present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise evident from the context. The invention includes embodiments in which exactly one member of the group is present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process. The invention includes embodiments in which more than one, or the entire group members are present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process.

It is also noted that the term “comprising” is intended to be open and permits but does not require the inclusion of additional elements or steps. When the term “comprising” is used herein, the term “consisting of” is thus also encompassed and disclosed.

Where ranges are given, endpoints are included. Furthermore, it is to be understood that unless otherwise indicated or otherwise evident from the context and understanding of one of ordinary skill in the art, values that are expressed as ranges can assume any specific value or subrange within the stated ranges in different embodiments of the invention, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit of the range, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

In addition, it is to be understood that any particular embodiment of the present invention that falls within the prior art may be explicitly excluded from any one or more of the claims. Since such embodiments are deemed to be known to one of ordinary skill in the art, they may be excluded even if the exclusion is not set forth explicitly herein. Any particular embodiment of the compositions of the invention (e.g., any antibiotic, therapeutic or active ingredient; any method of production; any method of use; etc.) can be excluded from any one or more claims, for any reason, whether or not related to the existence of prior art.

It is to be understood that the words which have been used are words of description rather than limitation, and that changes may be made within the purview of the appended claims without departing from the true scope and spirit of the invention in its broader aspects.

While the present invention has been described at some length and with some particularity with respect to the several described embodiments, it is not intended that it should be limited to any such particulars or embodiments or any particular embodiment, but it is to be construed with references to the appended claims so as to provide the broadest possible interpretation of such claims in view of the prior art and, therefore, to effectively encompass the intended scope of the invention.

VII. Examples Example 1. In Vivo YAC128 Mouse Study of HTT Suppression, Guide to Passenger Ratio and Precision of 5′ End Processing after Treatment with AAV1-miRNA Vectors Produced in Mammalian Cells

Based on in vitro suppression of HTT with plasmid transfection and with infection of AAV packaged AAV-miRNA expression vectors, selected AAV-miRNA expression vectors were packaged in AAV1 and evaluated in vivo in YAC128 mice, to quantify HTT mRNA suppression, and to assess guide to passenger strand ratio and the precision of 5′ end processing by deep sequencing. The AAV-miRNA transgene genomes were packaged in AAV1 with a CBA promoter (AAV1.CBA.iHtt), and then, the vectors were produced by triple transfection in HEK293 or HEK293T cells, purified and formulated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with 0.001% F-68. The vectors were administered to YAC128 mice 7-12 weeks of age via bilateral intrastriatal infusion at a dose of approximately 1E10 to 3E10 vg in 5 uL over 10 minutes per hemisphere. A control group was treated with vehicle (PBS with 0.001% F-68). Each group comprised 4 females and 4 males. Approximately 28 days following test article administration, striatum tissue punches were collected and snap-frozen for later analysis.

Striatum tissue samples were then homogenized and total RNAs were purified. The relative expression of HTT was determined by qRT-PCR. Housekeeping genes for normalization included mouse XPNPEP1 (X-Prolyl Aminopeptidase 1) and mouse HPRT (hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase). HTT mRNA was normalized to housekeeping gene expression, and then further normalized to the vehicle group. The total dose (vg/mouse), and constructs are shown in Table 41. The results are shown in Tables 42 and 43.

TABLE 41 Construct and Total Dose Modulatory ITR to ITR Modulatory Poly- Sequence Name Polynucleotide nucleotide Total Dose (SEQ ID NO) Construct Name SEQ ID NO (vg/mouse) VOYHT43 VOYHTmiR-127.016    1253    6E10 (SEQ ID NO: 1433) VOYHT15 VOYHTmiR-127.579    1259    6E10 (SEQ ID NO: 1366) VOYHT38 VOYHTmiR-104.907    1219 4.91E10 (SEQ ID NO: 1428) VOYHT37 VOYHTmiR-104.425    1231    6E10 (SEQ ID NO: 1427) VOYHT42 VOYHTmiR-116.016    1252 3.57E10 (SEQ ID NO: 1432) VOYHT46 VOYHTmiR-127.257    1211    6E10 (SEQ ID NO: 1436) VOYHT44 VOYHTmiR-127.218    1194    6E10 (SEQ ID NO: 1434) VOYHT39 VOYHTmiR-104.257    1207    6E10 (SEQ ID NO: 1429) VOYHT36 VOYHTmiR-102.016    1248 4.89E10 (SEQ ID NO: 1426) VOYHT16 VOYHTmiR-104.016    1249 5.79E10 (SEQ ID NO: 1367) VOYHT35 VOYHTmiR-104.579    1255 5.85E10 (SEQ ID NO: 1388) VOYHT48 VOYHTmiR-104.579.10 1347 2.65E10 (SEQ ID NO: 1438) VOYHT40 VOYHTmiR-109.016    1250 5.91E10 (SEQ ID NO; 1430) VOYHT41 VOYHTmiR-114.016    1251 3.76E10 (SEQ ID NO: 1431) VOYHT45 VOYHTmiR-127.907    1223 4.71E10 (SEQ ID NO: 1435) VOYHT47 VOYHTmiR-104.579.3  1262 3.15E10 (SEQ ID NO: 1437) Vehicle N/A — —

TABLE 42 HTT mRNA Suppression in YAC128 Mouse Striatum after Intrastriatal Infusion Relative Relative HTT HTT mRNA mRNA Level (%) Level (%) (normalized to (normalized Modulatory Modulatory XPNPEP1) − to HPRT) − ITR to ITR Polynucleotide Poly- mean ± mean ± Sequence Construct nucleotide standard standard Name Name SEQ ID NO deviation deviation VOYHT43 VOYHTmiR- 1253 63 ± 8 68 ± 9 127.016 VOYHT44 VOYHTmiR- 1194  85 ± 19  86 ± 22 127.218 VOYHT46 VOYHTmiR- 1211  76 ± 13 78 ± 8 127.257 VOYHT42 VOYHTmiR- 1252  99 ± 11 106 ± 18 116.016 VOYHT15 VOYHTmiR- 1259 74 ± 6  77 ± 10 127.579 VOYHT37 VOYHTmiR- 1231 83 ± 4 86 ± 7 104.425 VOYHT39 VOYHTmiR- 1207 91 ± 7  96 ± 10 104.257 VOYHT38 VOYHTmiR- 1219 103 ± 18 102 ± 14 104.907 Vehicle N/A — 100 ± 15 100 ± 14

TABLE 43 HTT mRNA Suppression in YAC128 Mouse Striatum after Intrastriatal Infusion Relative Relative HTT HTT mRNA mRNA Level (%) Level (%) (normalized to (normalized Modulatory Modulatory XPNPEP1) − to HPRT) − ITR to ITR Polynucleotide Poly- mean ± mean ± Sequence Construct nucleotide standard standard Name Name SEQ ID NO deviation deviation VOYHT47 VOYHTmiR- 1262  67 ± 19  63 ± 18 104.579.3  VOYHT48 VOYHTmiR- 1347  70 ± 10  69 ± 10 104.579.10 VOYHT36 VOYHTmiR- 1248  92 ± 12  91 ± 12 102.016    VOYHT16 VOYHTmiR- 1249  73 ± 10 68 ± 7 104.016    VOYHT41 VOYHTmiR- 1251 93 ± 9  88 ± 16 114.016    VOYHT45 VOYHTmiR- 1223  87 ± 14  83 ± 10 127.907    VOYHT40 VOYHTmiR- 1250 79 ± 7 76 ± 6 109.016    VOYHT35 VOYHTmiR- 1255  94 ± 16  96 ± 13 104.579    Vehicle N/A — 100 ± 6  100 ± 8 

In YAC128 mouse striatum, VOYHT43 (VOYHTmiR-127.016), VOYHT46 (VOYHTmiR-127.257), VOYHT15 (VOYHTmiR-127.579), VOYHT47 (VOYHTmiR-104.579.3), VOYHT48 (VOYHTmiR-104.579.10), VOYHT16 (VOYHTmiR-104.016) and VOYHT40 (VOYHTmiR-109.016) caused about 20 to 40% silencing of HTT mRNA at about 28 days after intrastriatal infusion of 1E10 to 3E10 vg per striatum.

Striatum tissue samples were also evaluated for pri-miRNA processing by deep sequencing to assess guide:passenger strand ratio, abundance of guide and passenger strands relative to the total endogenous pool of miRNAs, and precision of processing at the 5′-end of the guide strand. The results are shown in Table 44.

TABLE 44 Deep Sequencing of YAC128 Mouse Striatal Samples after Intrastriatal Infusion Modul- atory Abundance Modulatory Poly- Relative to ITR to Poly- nucleo- Endogenous ITR nucleotide tide miRNA Guide/ Sequence Construct SEQ Pool Passenger % N Name Name ID NO (%) Ratio (Guide) VOYHT43 VOYHTmiR- 1253 58.13 422.9 91.5 127.016    VOYHT44 VOYHTmiR- 1194 1.49 2.44 96.2 127.218    VOYHT46 VOYHTmiR- 1211 9.66 0.04 85.7 127.257    VOYHT42 VOYHTmiR- 1252 3.09 207.8 95.9 116.016    VOYHT15 VOYHTmiR- 1259 0.05 24.28 83.2 127.579    VOYHT37 VOYHTmiR- 1231 0.12 0.32 92.7 104.425    VOYHT39 VOYHTmiR- 1207 0.07 0.38 97.1 104.257    VOYHT38 VOYHTmiR- 1219 6.45 2384 96.4 104.907    VOYHT47 VOYHTmiR- 1262 0.21 40 86.8 104.579.3  VOYHT48 VOYHTmiR- 1347 0.76 83 89.8 104.579.10 VOYHT36 VOYHTmiR- 1248 3.06 494 86.4 102.016    VOYHT16 VOYHTmiR- 1249 5.41 629 86.8 104.016    VOYEIT41 VOYHTmiR- 1251 1.7 256 85.8 114.016    VOYHT45 VOYHTmiR- 1223 51.29 163 82.9 127.907    VOYHT40 VOYHTmiR- 1250 1.75 135 87.1 109.016    VOYHT35 VOYHTmiR- 1255 0.01 19 84.9 104.579   

VOYHT43, VOYHT15, VOYHT46, VOYHT48, VOYHT40, and VOYHT47 were shown to have good Htt mRNA knockdown as compared to the other constructs. VOYHT37, VOYHT46. VOYHT44, and VOYHT39 were considered to have a low guide to passenger strand ratio (G:P ratio) as they had a ratio of less than 4. VOYHT43 and VOYHT45 had abundance relative to total miRNA reads which was greater than 10% and considered too high for additional studies. VOYHT48, VOYHT40 and VOYHT47 were selected for additional studies.

Example 2. AAV-miRNA Expression Vectors

The constructs comprising the pri-miRNA cassettes containing guide strands targeting HTT and passenger strands were engineered into AAV-miRNA expression vectors (either ss or sc). The AAV-miRNA expression vector construct from ITR to ITR, recited 5′ to 3′, comprises a mutant or wild type ITR, a promoter (either a CMV (which includes an SV40 intron or a human betaglobin intron), U6, H1, CBA (which includes a CMVie enhancer, a CB promoter and an SV40 intron or a human betaglobin intron), or CAG promoter (which includes a CMVie enhancer, a CB promoter, and a rabbit betaglobin intron or a human betaglobin intron), the pri-miRNA cassette containing guide strand sequence targeting HTT and passenger strand sequence, a rabbit globin polyA or human growth hormone polyA and wild type ITR. In vitro and in vivo studies are performed to evaluate the pharmacological activity of the AAV-miRNA expression vectors.

Example 3. In Vivo YAC128 Mouse Study of HTT Suppression, Guide to Passenger Strand Ratio and Precision of Processing after Treatment with AAV-miRNA Vectors Produced with the Baculo/Sf9 System

Three constructs comprising the pri-miRNA cassettes containing guide strands targeting HTT and passenger strands were engineered into scAAV-miRNA expression vectors designed for baculo/Sf9 production. The scAAV-miRNA expression construct from ITR to ITR, recited 5′ to 3′, comprised a wild type ITR, a CBA promoter (which includes a CMVie enhancer, a CB promoter and an SV40 intron), the pri-miRNA cassette containing guide strand sequence targeting HTT and passenger strand sequence, a rabbit globin polyA, a stuffer sequence, and wild type ITR. The vectors were produced in the baculo/Sf9 system, purified and formulated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with 0.001% F-68, and then administered to YAC128 mice 7-12 weeks of age via bilateral intrastriatal infusion of 5 μL vector at 0.5 μL/min, with a vector concentration of 3.6×10¹² vg/mL, the total dose was 3.6×10¹⁰ vg. A control group was treated with vehicle (PBS with 0.001% F-68). Each group comprised 4 females and 4 males. Approximately 28 days following test article administration, striatum tissue punches were collected and snap-frozen. Striatum tissue samples were homogenized and total RNAs were purified, and the relative expression of HTT mRNA was determined by qRT-PCR. The housekeeping gene for normalization was mouse XPNPEP1 (X-Prolyl Aminopeptidase 1), HTT mRNA was normalized to housekeeping gene expression, and then further normalized to the vehicle group. The HTT mRNA results are shown in Table 45.

TABLE 45 HTT mRNA Suppression in YAC128 Mouse Striatum after Intrastriatal Infusion Relative HTT mRNA Level (%) (normalized to ITR to ITR Modulatory Modulatory XPNPEP1) − Sequence Polynucleotide Polynucleotide mean ± standard Name Construct Name SEQ ID NO deviation VOYHT1 VOYHTmiR- 1262  56 ± 14 104.579.3  VOYHT3 VOYHTmiR- 1250  58 ± 15 109.016    VOYHT4 VOYHTmiR- 1347  57 ± 15 104.579.10 Vehicle N/A — 100 ± 23

In YAC128 mouse striatum, VOYHT1 (VOYHTmiR-104.579.3), VOYHT4 (VOYHTmiR-104.579.10), and VOYHT3 (VOYHTmiR-109.016) caused about 42% to 44% silencing of HTT mRNA at about 28 days after intrastriatal infusion of 1.8×10¹⁰ vg per striatum.

Example 4. In Vivo Study in Non-Human Primates

Study Design

A study in rhesus monkeys was conducted to evaluate HTT suppression, precision, and efficiency of pri-miRNA processing, tolerability, and distribution of vector genomes within the CNS. Selected constructs comprising the pri-miRNA cassettes containing guide strands targeting HTT and passenger strands were engineered into scAAV-miRNA expression vectors designed for baculo/Sf9 production. The scAAV-miRNA expression construct from ITR to ITR, recited 5′ to 3′, comprised a wild type ITR, a CBA promoter (which includes a CMVie enhancer, a CB promoter and an SV40 intron), the pri-miRNA cassette containing guide strand sequence targeting HTT and passenger strand sequence, a rabbit globin polyA, a stuffer sequence, and wild type ITR. The vectors were produced in the baculo/Sf9 system, purified and formulated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with 0.001% F-68.

Four groups of rhesus monkeys received vehicle (n=3) or one of three vectors (n=6 per group) as bilateral intraputamenal infusions of 100 μL/side at 3-5 μL/min. Gadoteridol (2 mM; ProHance) was co-infused. For animals receiving a vector, the same vector was infused on both sides, with the right side receiving a concentration of 9×10¹¹ vg/mL and the left side receiving a concentration of 2.7×10¹² vg/mL. The total dose of vector administered was 9×10¹⁰ vg (low dose) or 2.7×10¹¹ vg (high dose) per putamen, or 3.6×10¹¹ vg per animal. All animals were euthanized after five weeks. The study design is shown in Table 46.

TABLE 46 Study Design ITR to ITR Sequence Titer (vg/ml) Name Left Right Dosing Group N (SEQ ID NO) (High Dose) (Low Dose) Sites 1 6 VOYHT1 2.7E12 0.9E12 Bilateral (SEQ ID NO: putamen 1352) infusion via 2 6 VOYHT3 2.7E12 0.9E12 posterior (SEQ ID NO: trajectory 1354) 100 μl per 3 6 VOYHT4 2.7E12 0.9E12 side (SEQ ID NO: 1355) Control 3 — — HTT mRNA Analysts

HTT mRNA suppression was evaluated in 2 mm tissue punches from the putamen, using branched DNA (bDNA) for quantifying HTT mRNA levels. For each group receiving vector, a total of 60 punches were evaluated per dose of vector (10 punches per putamen, 6 animals per dose of vector). From the vehicle group, 10 punches per putamen were taken from each of 3 animals. HTT mRNA was normalized to the geometric mean of housekeeping genes TATA-box binding protein (TBP), alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AARS) and X-prolyl aminopeptidase 1 (XPNPEP1), and then further normalized to the vehicle group. The HTT mRNA results are shown in Tables 47 and 48.

TABLE 47 HTT mRNA Suppression in Non-Human Primate Putamen after Intraputamenal Infusion at the High Dose Relative HTT mRNA Level (%) Titer (vg/ml) (normalized to geometric mean of TBP, Left AARS and XPNPEP1) − mean ± Group N (High Dose) standard deviation 1 6 2.7E12  46 ± 11 2 6 2.7E12 65 ± 9 3 6 2.7E12  46 ± 10 Control 3 — 100 ± 5 

TABLE 48 HTT mRNA Suppression in Non-Human Primate Putamen after Intraputamenal Infusion at the Low Dose Relative HTT mRNA Level (%) Titer (vg/ml) (normalized to geometric mean of TBP, Right AARS and XPNPEP1) − mean ± Group N (Low Dose) standard deviation 1 6 0.9E12 60 ± 6 2 6 0.9E12 76 ± 8 3 6 0.9E12  62 ± 13 Control 3 — 100 ± 5  Vector Genome Quantitation

From the same 2 mm tissue punches from the putamen (with high and low dose treatments) that were used for quantifying HTT mRNA levels by bDNA, a portion of the tissue lysate was used for vector genome copy (VG) determination by droplet digital PCR. For Group 1 (VOYHT1) and Group 3 (VOYHT4), approximately 50% HTT mRNA suppression was achieved with approximately 10 VG copies per diploid cell. For Group 2 (VOYHT3), approximately 50% HTT mRNA suppression was achieved with approximately 400 VG copies per diploid cell. The results are shown in Table 49 (high dose, 2.7E12 vg/mL) and Table 50 (low dose, 0.9E12 vg/mL).

TABLE 49 Vector Genome Copy Number and HTT mRNA Suppression in Non-Human Primate Putamen after Intraputamenal Infusion at the High Dose Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Tissue Vector Genome Relative HTT Vector Genome Relative HTT Vector Genome Relative HTT Punch Copies/Diploid mRNA Level Copies/Diploid mRNA Level Copies/Diploid mRNA Level No. Cell (%) Cell (%) Cell (%) 1 7.17 50.8 22.52 73.9 2.46 91.7 2 13.35 53.3 5.56 93.4 1123.54 25.7 3 8.4 55.5 7.85 84.8 28.28 61.3 4 6.19 58.7 6.89 85.7 3.06 54.2 5 33.58 49.3 29.35 69.7 126.02 29.4 6 110.19 46.6 0.38 102.9 232.98 35.1 7 312.01 33.5 1408.59 28.5 59.23 78.7 8 645.36 38.3 410.37 62.7 2101.49 29.3 9 112.5 41.2 188.99 64.3 652.06 32.9 10 210.8 47.9 413.03 56.7 297.66 33.6 11 697.33 31.7 1106.15 34.7 305.33 25.9 12 590.33 40.1 2.51 96.5 1167.46 38.9 13 40.5 52.1 277.83 54.6 1.66 80.2 14 9.58 36.2 94.19 74 304.93 47.5 15 476.2 27.8 2.81 80 2.56 69.1 16 1803.57 30.2 960.38 25.2 26.54 52.9 17 4.55 52 7.98 83.3 72.32 27.5 18 1.52 74.9 0.6 94.9 593.8 30.6 19 977.99 24.4 1908.77 29.5 89.84 81.8 20 140.01 35.6 1252.94 34.1 536.51 31.3 21 1340 29.9 146.95 65.8 158.23 59.9 22 2208.66 31.5 1672.46 25.8 282.82 38 23 185.63 37.7 279.26 62.2 1493.92 21.8 24 31.98 69.1 1.6 89.3 598.55 31.8 25 793.55 34.2 547.85 64.1 2.27 84.7 26 2.84 83.8 657.52 48.3 35.32 97.9 27 1377.78 26.1 23.98 86.2 0.79 101 28 861.05 33.2 1479.57 19.5 48.26 75.7 29 5.98 67.9 2.41 96.9 233.81 42.7 30 1.17 93.6 0.86 97.8 56.44 67.2 31 40.1 40.5 16.7 93.1 73.5 39.2 32 1216.3 27.4 3.8 97.9 1321.9 28.6 33 1.8 75.9 43.5 66.3 8.3 47.8 34 0.9 87.7 4.6 96.7 162.7 29.4 35 81.3 38.7 1665.9 23.1 24.1 43.1 36 192.1 44.1 642.7 35.5 505.4 40.3 37 1142.9 23.9 43.3 88.8 1181.3 23.1 38 2046.4 25.1 23.1 104.3 2.3 96.8 39 1.7 89.4 1854.5 25.9 957.4 27.4 40 0.4 89.2 1.6 100.8 1240 23.5 41 1082.2 26.1 437.9 48.9 85.3 71.3 42 291.8 47.7 833 42.7 366.2 44.4 43 1327.27 25.5 698.46 59.4 1378.13 24.7 44 1450 24.8 478.32 80.4 614.11 37.6 45 327.71 55.8 1610.13 24.4 1121.75 26.3 46 1.29 88.7 167.05 81.2 1496.89 29.7 47 1455.07 24.8 1653.33 22.7 1133.25 22.9 48 1029.21 37.2 1205.39 31.3 1251.79 31.2 49 870.1 24.1 35.66 92.9 983.7 28.4 50 98.26 35.9 56.33 89.8 1869.84 24.9 51 422.46 39.4 192.11 54 176.41 53.9 52 28.19 84.4 468.19 67.6 750.01 21.9 53 79 42.7 2196.15 20.5 639.03 25.4 54 629.63 29.6 1355.84 27.3 719.08 30.3 55 1296.5 24.2 1.7 103.7 1076.8 38.5 56 336.7 43 515.7 84.1 29.8 94.8 57 210.7 53.7 1348.7 31 155.6 67.3 58 1.3 93.2 78.7 87.7 1268.3 23.1 59 1832.3 26.1 398.1 60 1303.2 33.4 60 538.5 39.5 660.2 46.2 698.2 37

TABLE 50 Vector Genome Copy Number and HTT mRNA Suppression in Non-Human Primate Putamen after Intraputamenal Infusion at the Low Dose Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Tissue Vector Genome Relative HTT Vector Genome Relative HTT Vector Genome Relative HTT Punch Copies/Diploid mRNA Level Copies/Diploid mRNA Level Copies/Diploid mRNA Level No. Cell (%) Cell (%) Cell (%) 61 27.8 74.5 7.5 93.4 0.3 108.2 62 270.4 49.2 0.8 107.1 5.8 68.3 63 0.5 88 4.9 89.9 58.5 73.1 64 20.4 64 2.3 99.6 73.7 47.8 65 1.2 78.8 1.6 98.5 9.4 72.9 66 3.7 90.4 1 101.8 56.6 55.1 67 369.6 31.2 746.5 34.2 1.1 115 68 1082.2 34.3 0.9 116.5 890.1 26.2 69 420.1 34.7 420.5 45.2 384.4 40.1 70 702.6 29.8 138.7 65.3 431 31.4 71 247.6 42.3 269.6 61.3 105.2 58.9 72 91.7 70.3 121.9 63.7 314.3 33.5 73 625.3 28.1 29.2 82 253.6 54.2 74 767.6 40.6 0.6 104.6 42.8 73.9 75 70 60.6 0.6 94.2 0.6 103.7 76 1081.7 26.4 2.5 101.8 45 54.8 77 5 67.3 7.8 88.9 0.4 91.3 78 0.3 91.7 0.5 103 379.2 36.7 79 646.9 28.4 405.4 65.9 143.7 82.5 80 30.5 86.9 66 105.8 318.5 46.3 81 501.8 29.5 58.4 90.1 10.5 82 82 811 34.1 171.2 69.4 81.3 59.8 83 1066.7 26.4 275.5 60.8 15.3 89.4 84 97.9 81.7 88.1 77 899.2 26.9 85 405.3 42 34.4 97.7 0.3 115.8 86 0.5 100.2 2.4 111.6 144.9 82 87 36.5 80.6 6.3 95.5 0.5 103.7 88 263.8 49.7 13.4 96.9 8.5 82.3 89 544.3 25.2 6.4 96.6 0.2 104.5 90 0.7 93.8 0.3 97 229.3 49 91 0.2 94.3 9.1 88.9 0.4 102.1 92 465.1 42.5 5.4 94.8 4.3 87.6 93 3.6 76.6 631.9 42 51.4 71.7 94 0.3 86.8 6.4 93.3 35.4 59.2 95 2 90 14.5 90.9 204.1 40.6 96 62.4 60.5 10.7 96.1 0.7 97.2 97 0.2 95.3 31.7 92.9 42.1 92.4 98 18.2 84.6 445.6 69.1 4.3 103.2 99 476.8 28.1 471.3 43.3 875.3 24.5 100 0.1 91.9 773 26.5 896.6 26.2 101 4.5 96.9 67.8 79.7 862.3 22.4 102 525.2 31.5 671 39.3 311.2 45.3 103 64.3 80.8 1077.2 28.3 593.2 43.7 104 265.4 51.1 693.7 50 190.2 67.6 105 754.9 25.4 774.7 35.1 843.5 24.2 106 67.2 79.3 1063.2 28 767.5 27 107 147.9 61 520.1 54.4 899.4 23.7 108 545.6 32.8 478.8 48.7 686.1 27.1 109 130.3 66.1 676.9 29.8 626 27.2 110 246.8 43.4 6.3 96.9 1.6 103.1 111 194.5 42.1 264.6 54.8 12.1 86.4 112 18.7 85.4 134.3 65.3 5.1 62.9 113 25.7 77 23.7 90.6 28.3 73.3 114 277.9 32.7 4.2 95.7 169.9 50.4 115 2.4 102.2 11.6 101.6 768.8 27.2 116 31.3 89.6 1062.7 44.8 14.3 99.6 117 666.6 27.2 145.4 71.9 311.3 49.8 118 0.3 93.7 213.6 80 534.6 35 119 657.8 25 463.3 46.6 414.8 33.9 120 471.8 30.6 170.8 69.4 785.8 24.2 Pri-miRNA Processing

Precision and efficiency of pri-miRNA processing were evaluated by deep sequencing of 2 mm punches from the putamen, from the high and low dose treatments, to assess guide:passenger strand ratio, abundance of guide and passenger strands relative to the total endogenous pool of miRNAs, and precision of processing at the 5′-end of the guide strand. These results are shown in Table 51.

TABLE 51 Deep Sequencing in Non-Human Primate Putamen after Intraputamenal Infusion Abundance Relative to Endogenous Guide/ miRNA Pool Passenger % N Group Titer (vg/ml) (%) Ratio (Guide) 1 High (2.7E12) 2.2 376 98 Low (0.9E12) 0.35 424 97 2 High (2.7E12) 0.23 147 96 Low (0.9E12) 0.21 136 96 3 High (2.7E12) 3.54 44 98 Low (0.9E12) 1.53 46 97 Tolerability Results

Body weight assessments were acquired on Day −8 (i.e., 8 days prior to dosing of the first animal), Day 1, and each week thereafter until termination on Day 36±3. There was no significant change in the average body weights in each group throughout the 5 week in-life period.

Cage-side observations were performed twice daily (a.m. and p.m.) beginning on Day −8 until scheduled necropsy, to assess abnormalities including neurological signs, and signs of pain or distress, as well as changes in general health, appearance, and behavior. In addition, beginning on Day −8, food consumption was assessed qualitatively once per day. Only decreased appetence was noted in a few animals following surgery, this is considered a common finding post-surgery. Food consumption returned to normal within the first week and remained normal for the remainder of the study.

Blood was collected on Day −8, Day 15±2, and Day 36±3 for evaluation of hematology, serum chemistry, and coagulation. Hematology assessments comprised WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT (qualitative assessment), and absolute and relative values for NEUT. LYMPH, MONO, EOS, and BASO. Serum chemistry comprised TP, ALB, GLOB, A/G ratio, ALP ALT, AST, TBIL (direct and indirect), BUN, CREAT, Ca CHOL, GLU, Phos, TCO2, Na, K and Cl. Coagulation comprised PT, A-PT and fibrinogen. Although some values fell outside of the normal limits, they were interpreted as physiological variations in the absence of any clinical correlation during in-life.

At necropsy, no abnormalities in gross pathology were observed.

Histopathology was conducted on the putamen including the infusion site. For all animals, a 3 mm thick coronal brain slab containing the putamen was fixed by immersion in 4% paraformaldehyde for 72 to 96 hours at room temperature and then transferred to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for storage at approximately +4 degC. The 3 mm brain slabs were then embedded in paraffin and coronally sectioned. Full coronal sections, 5 um thick, containing the infusion site in the putamen were assessed for pathology by standard hematoxylin and eosin staining. The vehicle control group was consistent with what would be expected to occur with any injection into the putamen. i.e. the reactions were typical for those associated with a needle track. In Groups 1, 2, and 3, each animal treated with one of three vectors exhibited pathology findings comprised of mild focal gliosis from the needle track, minimal to mild perivascular infiltrates and/or occasional edema most likely due to a combination of trauma from the injection and reaction to the AAV. There were no pathology findings that were considered adverse, given the absence of clinical symptoms.

Example 5. Activity of Vectors with Filler Sequences

The miRNA expression vectors encoding VOYHTmiR-104.579.3 (SEQ ID NO: 1262) or VOYHTmiR-104.016 (SEQ ID NO: 1249) were packaged in AAV1, and infected into HEK293T cells. For HEK293T, the cells were plated into 96-well plates (2.5E4 cells/well in 100 ul cell culture medium) and infected with the miRNA expression vectors. 48 hours after infection, the cells were harvested for immediate cell lysis, RNA isolation and qRT-PCR. The MOI and the results for the vectors and the description of the vectors tested are shown in Table 52. In Table 52, SC means self-complementary vector and SS means single-stranded.

TABLE 52 Knockdown of HTT naRNA Relative Htt Length of mRNA Level (%) Construct SC Filler (normalized to Modulatory Sequence (ITR to or SEQ GFP Control) No. Polynucleotide Name Name Promoter ITR) SS (Y/N) 1E3 1E4 1E5 13 VOYHTmiR-104.579.3 VOYHT1 CBA 2301 nt SC Y 51 15 13 14 VOYHTmiR-104.579.3 VOYHT6 CBA 2299 nt SC Y 54 17 12 15 VOYHTmiR-104.579.3 VOYHT10 CBA 2307 nt SC Y 88 63 30 16 VOYHTmiR-104.579.3 VOYHT13 CBA 1587 nt SC N 47 30 12 17 VOYHTmiR-104.016 VOYHT14 CBA 1582 nt SC N 86 43 30 18 VOYHTmiR-104.016 VOYHT25 CMV 2198 nt SC N 49 41 16 19 VOYHTmiR-104.579.3 VOYHT26 CMV 2203 nt SC N 32 16 9 20 VOYHTmiR-104.579.3 VOYHT22 CMV 2300 nt SC Y 74 26 12 21 VOYHTmiR-104.579.3 VOYHT18 CMV 2308 nt SC Y 32 17 10 22 VOYHTmiR-104.579.3 VOYHT20 CMV 2306 nt SC Y 45 19 7 23 VOYHTmiR-104.579.3 VOYHT24 CMV 2314 nt SC Y 65 22 12 24 VOYHTmiR-104.579.3 VOYHT2 CBA 4608 nt SS Y 106 58 27 25 VOYHTmiR-104.579.3 VOYHT5 CBA 4606 nt SS Y 132 68 41 26 VOYHTmiR-104.579.3 VOYHT9 CBA 4616 nt SS Y 93 56 19 27 VOYHTmiR-104.579.3 VOYHT21 CMV 4598 nt SS Y 114 85 26 28 VOYHTmiR-104.579.3 VOYHT17 CMV 4606 nt SS V 128 54 20 29 VOYHTmiR-104.579.3 VOYHT19 CMV 4608 nt SS Y 53 72 25 30 VOYHTmiR-104.579.10 VOYHT4 CBA 2301 nt SS Y 63 61 14 31 VOYHTmiR-104.579.10 VOYHT48 CBA 1352 nt N 49 26 10

The miRNA expression vectors which were approximately 2300 nucleotides in length had a higher genome quality as compared to the vectors having approximately 1500 nucleotides or 1900 nucleotides. CBA and CMV promoters produced similar levels of knockdown in vitro. Self-complementary vectors produced the highest levels of knockdown in vitro.

Example 6. Quality Control of Vectors Produced with the Baculo/Sf9 System in Large Scale

The miRNA expression vectors of the present disclosure were produced by using a Baculo/Sf9 system on a IL scale. A cesium chloride (CsCl) gradient analysis was used in addition to standard purification techniques to ensure a high % of full vectors. The achieved % of full vectors was at least 80%. Titers ranged from 0.9E12 to 4E13 vg/L of culture, and the vectors with a 5′ or 3′ filler sequence vectors presented the highest titers. The quality of the genome packaged in the vectors of the present disclosure was evaluated by using alkaline denaturing gel analysis, showing a high level of genome quality. The gel banding patterns for the IL scale production was similar to the small scale production pattern. The purity of the vectors of the present invention was evaluated by using silver stain PAGE analysis, showing good VP1, VP2, and VP3 ratio and purity.

The miRNA expression vectors encoding VOYHTmiR-104.579.3, VOYHTmiR-104.579.10, and VOYHTmiR-109.016 were packaged in AAV1, and infected into HEK293T cells. For HEK293T, the cells were plated into 96-well plates (2.5E4 cells/well in 100 ul cell culture medium) and infected with the miRNA expression vectors. 60 hours after infection, the cells were harvested for immediate cell lysis, RNA isolation and qRT-PCR and the levels of HTT were calculated compared to a GFP transduction control. The MOI and the results for the vectors and the description of the vectors tested are shown in Table 53. In Table 53, SC means self-complementary vector.

TABLE 53 Knockdown of HTT naRNA Relative Htt Length of mRNA Level (%) Modulatory Construct SC Filler (normalized to Polynucleotide Sequence (ITR to or SEQ GFP Control) No. Name Name Promoter ITR) SS (Y/N) 1E3 1E4 1E5 14 VOYHTmiR- VOYHT6 CBA 2.3kb SC Y 81 39 16 104.5793 32 VOYHTmiR- VOYHT7 CBA 2.3kb SC Y 74 59 27 109.016 33 VOYHTmiR- VOYHT8 CBA 2.3kb SC Y 66 35 17 104.579.10 13 VOYHTmiR- VOYHT1 CBA 2.3kb SC Y 81 39 15 104.579.3 34 VOYHTmiR- VOYHT3 CBA 2.3kb SC Y 75 44 21 109.016 30 VOYHTmiR- VOYHT4 CBA 2.3kb SC Y 58 31 14 104.579.10 15 VOYHTmiR- VOYHT10 CBA 2.3kb SC. Y 77 83 24 104.579.3

A dose dependent knockdown was observed for most of the constructs. Self-complementary vectors produced highest levels of knockdown in vitro compared to single-stranded vectors. Vectors with 5′ or 3′ filler sequences presented higher levels of knockdown in vitro compared to vectors with split filler sequences.

While the present invention has been described at some length and with some particularity with respect to the several described embodiments, it is not intended that it should be limited to any such particulars or embodiments or any particular embodiment, but it is to be construed with references to the appended claims so as to provide the broadest possible interpretation of such claims in view of the prior art and, therefore, to effectively encompass the intended scope of the invention.

All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, section headings, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting. 

We claim:
 1. An adeno-associated viral (AAV) genome comprising a first inverted terminal repeat (ITR), a promoter operably linked to a nucleic acid comprising a modulatory polynucleotide encoding a sense strand sequence and an antisense strand sequence, and a second ITR; wherein the encoded antisense strand sequence comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 918 and the sense strand sequence comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1079; and wherein the AAV viral genome comprises one or more of: (i) a first ITR sequence comprising the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1380 or 1381-1383; (ii) a promoter comprising a chicken β-actin (CBA) promoter, a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, a phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK) promoter, an H1 promoter, a T7 promoter, a ubiquitin c (UBC) promoter, a β-glucuronidase (GUSB) promoter, a neuron-specific enolase (NSE) promoter, a synapsin promoter, a methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) promoter, or a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter; (iii) a promoter comprising the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1410, 1411-1414; or (iv) a second ITR sequence comprising the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1382, 1380, 1381, or
 1383. 2. The AAV viral genome of claim 1, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the antisense strand sequence comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1335, and the nucleotide sequence encoding the sense strand sequence comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:
 1331. 3. The AAV viral genome of claim 1, wherein: (i) the encoded sense strand sequence and the encoded antisense strand sequence comprises a 3′ overhang of at least 1 or 2 nucleotide; and/or (ii) the encoded antisense strand sequence and/or encoded sense strand sequence independently comprises at least 21, 22, 23 or 24 nucleotides in length.
 4. The AAV viral genome of claim 1, wherein the modulatory polynucleotide comprises in 5′ to 3′ order: (i) a 5′ flanking region, the sense strand sequence, a loop region, the antisense strand sequence, and a 3′ flanking region; or (ii) a 5′ flanking region, the antisense strand sequence, a loop region, the sense strand sequence, and a 3′ flanking region.
 5. The AAV viral genome of claim 4, wherein: (i) the 5′ flanking region comprises the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1163, 1167, 1161, 1162, or 1164-1166; (ii) the loop region comprises the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1172, 1175, 1169, 1168, 1170, 1171, 1173, or 1174; and/or (iii) the 3′ flanking region comprises the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1178, 1182, or 1179-1181.
 6. The AAV viral genome of claim 1, wherein the modulatory polynucleotide comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:
 1262. 7. The AAV viral genome of claim 1, wherein: (i) the first ITR sequence comprises the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1380 or 1381-1383; (ii) the promoter comprises the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1410, 1411-1414; and (iii) the second ITR sequence comprises the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1382, 1380, 1381, or
 1383. 8. The AAV viral genome of claim 1, which further comprises: (i) an enhancer; (ii) at least 1 or at least 2 multiple cloning site (MCS); (iii) an intron; (iv) an exon; (v) a filler sequence; (vi) a microRNA (miRNA) binding site; and/or (vii) a polyadenylation (polyA) signal sequence region.
 9. The AAV viral genome of claim 8, wherein: (i) the enhancer comprises a CMV enhancer; (ii) the enhancer comprises SEQ ID NO: 1408 or 1409; (iii) the MCS comprises the nucleotide sequence any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1384-1387 or 1389 or the nucleotide sequence of TCGAG; (iv) the intron comprises an SV40 intron or a beta-globin intron, (v) the intron comprises the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1417-1419; (vi) the exon comprises a beta-globin exon; (vii) the exon comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1415 or 1416; (viii) the polyA signal sequence region comprises a rabbit globin polyadenylation signal sequence region; and/or (ix) the polyA signal sequence region comprises the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1420-1423.
 10. The AAV viral genome of claim 1, comprising in order: (i) a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region, wherein the 5′ ITR sequence region comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1380 or 1381; (ii) an enhancer sequence region, wherein the enhancer sequence region comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1408 or 1409; (iii) a promoter sequence region, wherein the promoter sequence region comprises the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1410-1414; (iv) a first intron sequence region, wherein the first intron sequence comprises the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1417-1419; (v) a modulatory polynucleotide sequence region, wherein the modulatory polynucleotide sequence region comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1262; (vi) a polyadenylation (polyA) signal sequence region, wherein the polyA signal sequence region comprises the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1420-1423; and (vii) a 3′ ITR sequence region, wherein the 3′ ITR sequence region comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1382 or
 1383. 11. The AAV viral genome of claim 1, comprising, from 5′ to 3′: (i) a 5′ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence region comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1380; (ii) a first multiple cloning site (MCS) sequence region comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1384; (ii) an enhancer sequence region comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1408; (iii) a promoter sequence region comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1410; (iv) an intron sequence region comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1417; (v) a modulatory polynucleotide sequence region comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1262; (vi) a second MCS sequence region comprising the nucleotide sequence of TCGAG; (vii) a polyA signal sequence region comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1420; and (viii) a 3′ ITR sequence region comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:
 1382. 12. An AAV viral particle comprising the AAV viral genome of claim 1, and an AAV capsid protein, wherein the AAV capsid protein comprises an AAV1 capsid protein, an AAV5 capsid protein, or an AAV9 capsid protein.
 13. A vector comprising the AAV viral genome claim
 1. 14. A cell comprising the AAV viral genome of claim 1, wherein the cell is a mammalian cell, a medium spiny neuron, a cortical neuron, or an astrocyte.
 15. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an AAV particle comprising the AAV viral genome of claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
 16. A method of inhibiting expression of a Huntingtin (HTT) gene, mRNA, and/or protein in a cell, comprising contacting the cell with the AAV viral genome of claim
 1. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the cell is in a subject, and the subject has or has been diagnosed with having Huntington's Disease (HD).
 18. A method of treating Huntington's Disease (HD) in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an AAV viral particle comprising the AAV viral genome of claim 1, thereby treating HD in the subject.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the HD is: (i) a juvenile form HD in a subject of 2 to 20 years of age; (ii) an early stage HD; (iii) a late stage HD; (iv) a fully penetrant HD, wherein the HTT gene has at least 41 or more CAG repeats; (v) an incomplete penetrance HD, wherein the HTT gene has 36-40 CAG repeats; or (vi) an asymptomatic HD.
 20. The method of claim 18, wherein administration is intravenous, intracisternal, or both.
 21. The method of claim 16, wherein the cell is a mammalian cell, a central nervous system (CNS) cell, a neuron, a medium spiny neuron, a cortical neuron, or an astrocyte. 